• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2002

동시증류추출장치를 사용하여 추출한 전통마른명태식해의 휘발성 향기성분을 기체 크로마토그래피로 분리하여 질량분석법으로 동정하였다. 식해에서 분리동정된 155종의 화합물로는 82종의 hydrocarbon류, 31종의 알콜류, 20여종의 알데히드, 13종의 ketone, 9종의 ester류 및 기타 2 종류의 화합물이 확인되었다. 마른명태식해에서 동정된 물질 중에서 ${\alpha}$-zingibirene 전체 상에 농도에서 11.03%를 차지하였으며(E)-di-2-propenyl disulfide(7.95%), ${\beta}$-cironellol(6.02%), methyl allyl disulfide(3.58%), cryptone(3.39%), camphene(3.23%), pentanol(3.21%), penadecanal(2.66%) and ${\beta}$-phellandrene(2.06%) 동정되어 이러한 성분들이 식해의 주요 향기 성분으로 나타났다. 식해의 메탄올 추출물을 용매 분획하여 얻은 각 분획물의 전자공여능을 측정한 결과 $200{\mu}m$ DPPH radical을 50% 환원시키는데 필요한 $SC_{50}$값이 헥산과 물층에서는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며, ethylacetate 층은 $327.92{\mu}g/mL$, butanol 층은 $968.83{\mu}g/mL$으로 나타났다. 혈압상승 억제효과를 살펴본 결과 헥산과 물 분획물에서는 전혀 효과가 없었으며 ethylacetate 층에서는 $IC_{50}$이 1.462mg/mL, butanol 층에서는 1.207mg/mL의 저해효과를 나타내었으며, xanthine oxidase에 대한 $IC_{50}$은 ethylacetate 층은 3.439mg/mL, butanol 층은 2.083mg/mL로 나타났다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of Oldenlandiae Diffusae Herba Water extract (ODHW) on lipid peroxidation by free radicals oxidative hepatic injury. Methods : In order to evaluate anti-oxidative activities of ODHW in the liver cell, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were incubated with or without ODHW. After 16 hours to 18 hours of experiment, cells were placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydro-peroxide(t-BHP) for two hours. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. The levels of LPO induced by hydroxyl radical derived from H2O2-Fe2+ system in rat liver homogenate were determined by means of TBA. Inhibitory effect of ODHW on superoxide generation was measured by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Results : In the linoleic acid autoxidation system, ODHW exhibited antioxidant activity, which inhibited 85% of linoleic acid peroxidation. These effects were similar to those of dl-a-tocopherol. ODHW showed scavenging effects on DPPH radical, inhibited superoxide generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, and also inhibited lipid peroxidation of rat liver tissue with hydroxyl radical derived from $H_2O_2-Fe^{2+}$ system. In addition, ODHW protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and it significantly increased cell viability in a normal rat liver cell(Ac2F)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of non-fermented (CAC) and Monascus pilosus-fermented Columbia arabica coffee (FCAC), as well as Luwak coffee (LC) beans. The results indicated that total polyphenols content (mg/g of dry basis) was highest in CAC (70.69), followed by LC (62.07), and FCAC (41.38). However, the ratio of total flavonoids/polyphenols in FCAC was the highest. In terms of electron donating ability (%, coffee mg/mL), CAC was significantly higher than LC and FCAC. Regardless of fermentation, ferric reducing antioxidant powers were similar in CAC and FCAC and lowest in LC. LC also had the highest inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XO). However FAAC had the highest inhibitory activity against aldehyde oxidase (AO), with nearly three times the levels found in CAC and LC. According to the above results, FCAC had a higher ratio of flavonoids/polyphenols and iron chelating activity than CAC. FCAC also had the highest AO inhibitory activity among the three experimental coffee beans. The results suggest that further studies are required to evaluate the bioactive components of various coffee beans so as to determine the potential benefits that coffee may have on preventing oxidative stress-related conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In the present study, we evaluated the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities exhibited by extracts obtained from the dried stems (and leaves) of Lespedeza bicolor We also assessed its potential irritation activities with regard to cosmetic use. When the DPPH radical scavenging activities of L. bicolor were assessed at six different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$), the concentration of L. bicolor required to inhibit DPPH radical formation by $50\%$ was found to be $164.90{\mu}g/ml$. The effects of L. bicolor on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase were determined at seven different concentrations. The $50\%$ effective concentration was found to be $282.75{\mu}g/ml$. In the skin irritation test, all animals survived for the duration of the study, and all exhibited normal gains in body weight. The control sites exhibited no response to the control procedures. No edema, erythema, or eschar formation was observed in any of the tested rabbits. In the ocular irritation study, all of the rabbit eyes remained normal. In summary, L. bicolor extracts were considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2011

Objectives : Oxidative stress seems to play a major role in mechanisms by which ethanol causes liver injury. Previous studies have shown that treatment with Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang, CGHJT) has protective effects on alcoholic liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods : In vitro, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of CGHJT on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), xanthine oxidase, trypsin, and hyaluronidase, and measured cell viability, and proliferation. In the cell culture model, we measured the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) after CGHJT treatment in C34 and E47 cell lines, HepG2 cells transfected with/without the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene. In vivo, we measured malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissue and alcohol concentration in the blood. Results : CGHJT showed significant free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and xanthine oxidase in the in vitro study, and increased cell viability, proliferation, and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase in C34 and in E47 cell lines. CGHJT reduced malondialdehyde levels and blood alcohol concentration in vivo, as well. Conclusions : This study suggests that CGHJT has antioxidant effects on oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the ethanol induced suppression of antioxidant enzyme activities.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

This study was investigated to evaluate the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, and physiological activities of various extracts from Calystegia japonica roots for making good use of their functional materials. The roots of C. japonica were extracted with water (WE), ethanol (EE) and hot water (HWE) by different methods. Among these extracts, the highest extracting yield was 30.30% of HWE, while the highest contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were 40.85% and 6.40% of WE, respectively. The nitrite scavenging abilities were ranged from 31.31% (HWE) to 37.46% (EE) at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/ml concentration. In the measurements of electron donating abilities, EE showed the highest effect as 91.83% at 0.3 mg/ml assay concentration, and the electron donating ability was decreased as the extract concentration was increased. In the results of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, HWE showed the highest effect as 7.15% at 1.0 mg/ml. The tyrosinase inhibition activities of WE and EE were 15.28% and 14.97%, respectively. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects were ranged from 97.50 to 99.28% at 1.0 mg/ml. These results indicate that C. japonica extract has a good antioxidant effects and could be useful for developing functional products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.748-756
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• 2000

Effects of xanthine (X), xanthine oxidase (XO), and catalase (C), $H_2O_2$, and carbohydrates on sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilizing ability in vitro were examined. Glucose alone, but not fructose, supported the maximum rate of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. However, in the combination of X, XO, and C (XXOC) or $H_2O_2$, fructose alone also supported maximum capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization. Either insufficient or excessive amounts of $H_2O_2$ decreased sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. In order to understand how glucose generates $H_2O_2$ or other reactive oxygen species in sperm cells, 6-aminonicotinamide, an inhibitor of the pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP), and apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, were added to sperm suspensions in glucose-containing medium. Results appeared that sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization were consequently inhibited by either one of these compounds. These inhibitory effects were nullified by addition of XXOC. These results support the hypothesis that glucose, in addition to being a substrate for glycolysis, facilitates sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction by generating reactive oxygen species through G-6-P dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2014

고압처리가 발아벼 추출물의 성인병관련 예방효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 발아기간 및 고압처리 시간에 따른 효소저해활성을 살펴보았다. 발아기간은 6일로 하였고, 30 MPa의 압력 하에서 24시간 및 48시간 동안 처리하였다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 발아초기에 대조구에 비해 고압처리 시 높은 범위의 저해활성을 나타내었으며, ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해활성은 발아기간 및 고압처리시간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. ACE 및 lipase 저해활성은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성과 유사하였으며, 고압처리가 대조구보다 높은 저해활성을 나타내었으며, 48시간 고압처리한 2일차 발아벼에서 가장 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 발아초기에는 대조구보다 고압처리시 높았지만 발아가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 부터 발아와 고압처리를 병행한 벼는 무발아 및 발아벼에 비하여 활용가치가 높을 것으로 판단되며, 성인병 예방을 위한 기능성식품소재로써 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 2008

국내에서 채집된 자화지정(V. mandshurica)의 잎과 뿌리 그리고 한방생약재로 유통, 판매되고 있는 중국산 자화지정의 생리활성을 측정 비교하였다. 중국산 자화지정의 물 추출물의 수율이 30.45 g/100 g으로 가장 높은 추출수율을 나타내었으며, 플라보노이드 함량도 102.30 mg/g으로 가장 많이 함유하였다. 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 중국산 자화지정의 에탄올 추출물에서 136.16 mg/g으로 가장 많이 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. 전자공여능은 국내에서 채집된 자회지정 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물이 각각 92.69%와 93.61%를 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성능은 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 국내산 잎의 에탄올 추출물이 17.28%를 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 중국산 잎 추출물이 pH 1.2와 pH 3.0의 조건에서 50% 이상의 소거율을 보였으며, xanthine oxidase 저해율은 국내산과 중국산 모두 잎의 에탄올 추출물에서 98.67%와 93.80%로 가장 높은 저해효과를 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과에서는 중국산 잎의 물과 에탄올 추출물이 45.04%와 31.36%로 국내산 자화지정 잎과 뿌리보다 tyrosinase 저해율이 매우 높았다. 이상의 결과 추출물의 수율, 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 화합물 함량 및 아질산염 소거능 그리고 tyrosinase 저해 활성은 중국산 자화지정이 국내산 자화지정보다 높은 함량과 활성을 나타내었으며, 전자공여능과 SOD 유사활성능 그리고 xanthine oxidase 저해 효과는 국내산이 중국산보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 자화지정의 뿌리 추출물은 국내산과 중국산의 자화지정 잎추출물보다 낮은 생리활성 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 생리활성 결과는 자화지정이 훌륭한 기능성식품 소재임을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2010

탱자나무(Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque)는 운향과의 낙엽관목으로 건조된 미성숙 과실은 지실(枳實)이라는 한약 재료로 사용되며, 완숙된 탱자나무의 과실은 지각(枳殼)이란 한약자원의 대용품으로 사용된다. 미성숙된 탱자에 관해서는 항균, 항산화 및 지질저하 효과가 있다고 보고되어 있으나 완숙된 탱자에 대한 생리활성 효능에 대해서는 연구 된 바 없어 이에 본 연구에서는 과피, 과육, 과즙 그리고 씨로 분리하여 물과 에탄올을 용매로 추출하여 생리활성 효능을 측정하였다. 플라보노이드 화합물은 과육에서 20.39 mg/g으로, 과즙 18.72 mg/g를 함유하였으며, 폴리페놀 화합물은 과피의 에탄올 추출물에서 60.54 mg/g, 과피 물 추출물은 45.91 mg/g를 함유하였다. 상이한 농도와 pH 조건에서의 아질산염소거능을 측정한 결과 pH 1.2의 2.0 mg/mL에서 과피 물추출물이 52.27%로 가장 낮았다. Tyrosinase 저해율은 과피에탄올 추출물에서 23.23%였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거율은 0.5 mg/mL의 농도에서 과피 물 추출물이 약 80%로 $IC_{50}$은 147.73 ${\mu}g$/mL였다. Xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해효과를 $IC_{50}$으로 나타낸 결과 과육 추출물이 대조군이 ascorbic acid (18.68 ${\mu}g$/mL)보다 낮은 18.28 ${\mu}g$/mL였으며, 과피 추출물에서도 비교적 높은 xanthine oxidase 저해율을 보였다. 이상의 결과 탱자나무의 완숙된 과피는 다량의 생리활성 물질을 함유하며 우수한 아질산염 소거능과 전자공여활성을 나타내며, 과육과 과즙은 플라보노이드 함량이 다른 부위보다 높았고 과육에서는 99% 이상의 xanthine oxidase 저해율을 그리고 과즙에서는 전자공여능이 90% 이상으로 기능성 제품의 개발 가능성을 제시하였다.