• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2002

오미자 추출물에 감마선을 조사하여 tyrosinase 저해, xanthine oxidase 저해 및 아질산염 소거능에 대하여 검토하였다. 오미자 추출물은 열수, ethanol, methanol 그리고 acetone등을 이용하여 추출하였으며, 감마선은 10, 20과 30 kGy로 조사하였다. 오미자 추출물은 모두 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 감마선 조사 후 오미자 추출물에 대한 tyrosinase는 열수 추출물보다 용매 추출물이 저해 효과가 높게 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해 효과실험 결과, 오미자 추출물은 열수 및 용매 추출물 모두 저해력을 나타내었으며, 감마선 조사는 xanthine oxidase 저해력에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2, 3.0 그리고 6.0으로 측정하였다. 오미자 추출물은 pH 1.2와 3.0 에서 높은 소거력을 나타내었고, 열수 추출물은 methanol, ethanol 그리고 acetone 추출물보다 아질산염 소거능이 훨씬 높게 나타내었다. 감마선을 30 kGy까지 조사하였을 때, 오미자 추출물의 생리 활성에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

Monascus purpureue KCCM 60016으로부터 색소생성 이 우수한 변이주 P-57이 생성한 홍국색소의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 홍국색소는 chloroform에 아주 잘 추출되며, 특히 hexane에서는 황색색소가 특이적으로 높게 추출되었다. DPPH radical소거 효과는 hexane분획, chloroform 분획, ethyl acetate분획, butanol 분획, water 분획의 순으로 높게 나타났다. Xanthine oxidase저해효과는 hexane분획, chloroform분획, ethyl acetate 분획의 순으로 높게 나타났으며, hexane 분획물의 경우 5 ppm에서 $41.2\%$, 50 ppm에서 $82.4\%$로 높은 저해율을 보였으며, 저해기작은 비경쟁적 저해였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activities and xanthine oxidase inhibition effects of water and ethanol extracts of Cynomorium songaricum. The ethanol extract of C. songaricum (EE) contained more phenolic and flavonoid compounds than the water extract (WE). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The WE has better effectiveness than the EE for DPPH free radical scavenging activity and nitrite scavenging ability. The nitrite scavenging abilities of WE were 90.02% ($EC_{50}$ 653.15 ${\mu}g$/mL) at conditions of pH 1.2 and 2,000 ${\mu}g$/mL, and 84.34% ($EC_{50}$ 817.17 ${\mu}g$/mL) at pH 3.0. The EE has more effective SOD-like activity and XO inhibition than WE. The SOD-like activity of EE was 81.47% at a concentration of 2,000 ${\mu}g$/mL, $EC_{50}$ was 951.70 ${\mu}g$/mL. The xanthine oxidase inhibition of the EE, with an $EC_{50}$of 112.47 ${\mu}g$/mL, is greater than that of ascorbic acid, which was 192.50 ${\mu}g$/mL (p<0.05). These results suggest that the C. songaricum is a potentially useful antioxidant source for the development of nutraceuticals and medicines.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 1993

미나리의 해독작용 기전을 구명하기 위하여 미나리n-butanol 추출분획을 실험동물에 전처치한 다음, 간독소인 사염화탄소를 투여하고 급성 간손상의 정도를 확인함과 동시에 조직손상과 관련된 free radical 생성계 및 해독계효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 사염화탄소를 투여하였을 때 혈청 ALT활성 및 간조직 과산화지질의 함량이 대조군에 비하여 현저히 증가되었으나, 미나리추출물을 전처치하므로서 증가현상이 유의하게 억제되었다. 한편 미나리추출물 (50mg/kg)을 실험동물에 투여하였을 때, 간조직의 free radical 생성계 효소인 aniline hydroxylase의 활성 및 free radical 해독계 효소인 catalase 및 glutathione S-transferase의 활성과 간조직 glutathione의 함량은 유의한 변동을 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 free radical 생성계 효소의 일종인 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성은 미나리추출물의 투여량과 투여기간에 반비례하여 감소되었으며, 50mg/kg 및 5일간 투여군에서 유의한 억제현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 시험관내에 미나리 추출물의 첨가농도를 증가시켜가면서 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 측정하였을 때 효소의 활성은 변동이 없었다. 이상의 실험성적들을 종합해 볼 때, 미나리 n-butanol 추출분획은 free radical 생성계 효소인 간조직 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 조절하므로서 사염화탄소에 의한 간손상을 보호해 줄 것으로 사료되어진다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 1994

Sex hormones not only regulate external sexual characteristics but several internal biochemical processes. It is well accepted that life-span of female is longer than that of male. Life-span is closely related with aging process in which free radicals are known to be involved. We investigated the effect of testosterone on free radical generating systems and lipid peroxidation based on the sexual difference. Lipid peroxide levels of male and female mouse were increased proportionately with age, especially in male mouse. Increase in enzyme activity of aldehyde oxidase with age was observed in male mouse, while no siginificant change in enzyme activity was found in female mouse. Enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase also showed similar results. It, however, was not significant statistically. Lipid peroxide level and xanthine oxidase type conversion ratio of male and female mouse liver homogenate incubated at $37^{\circ}C$, increased remarkably in proportion to incubation time, especially in male mouse. Lipid peroxide level and aldehyde oxidase activity were measured in normal male mouse, castrated mouse and testosterone treated-castrated mouse. Castrated mouse group showed decrease in lipid peroxide level and aldehyde oxidase activity compared with normal group. Treatment of castrated mouse with testosterone, however turned the level of lipid peroxide and aldehyde oxidase activity back to normal. From the above results, it might be concluded that testosteron could increase the activities of free radical generating enzymes which would result in the formation of lipid peroxide, consequently leading to aging.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.307-310
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• 2003

Ethanol extract of Actinidia polygama Max. (AP) was examined for hypouricemic activity in potassium oxonateinduced hyperuricemic animal model. Ethanol extract of AP lowered the plasma uric acid level by 20％ when compared to the hyperuricemic control group. AP ether fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed 27％ reduction, whose efficacy was comparable to the probenecid-treated group. AP ether fraction-treated group also showed 23％ reduction of urate in urine and this result suggests that AP ether fraction has anti-gout activity probably due to xanthine oxidase inhibition.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.672-677
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• 2008

In order to explore the anti-oxidization effect of oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, measurement of hot water extract and UMPM(extraction method using ultra sonic waves, micro waves, micro bubble) extract, the total polyphenol content of crude polysaccharide from each extract, SOD-like activity, electron donating ability(EDA), xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted. The total polyphenol content of each extract was found to be 16.36% for hot water extract(HE) group and 15.73% for UMPM extract(UE) group and the amount of crude polysaccharide precipitated into ethanol of extracts was found to be 8.79% for UMPM ethanol extract(UEE) group and 6.48% for hot water ethanol extract(HEE) group. As a result of measurement of SOD-like activity by concentration of each extract, it was found to be 96.17% for UE group, 91.23% for HE group, 91.33% for UEE group, and 87.11% for HEE group at 20 mg/mL. In the case of EDA, it was found to be 47.55% for UE group, 44.93% for HE group, 25.38% for UEE group, and 18.36% for HEE group. And in the cases of the rates of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, as the concentration of each extract increased, the inhibition rate increased accordingly. As a result of comparison between hot water extract method and UMPM extract method using extracts obtained from oriental medicine compound medium where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, all of the extracts were judged to have a high anti-oxidization effect. In particular, UMPM extracts were found to have higher polyphenol content, SOD-like activity, EDA, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to hot water extract method. In this regard, extracts obtained from OCM where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are considered to have high availability as functional material when and if they are prepared using UMPM extract method.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 contents and xanthine oxidase activity in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(0E Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E Cd group) or 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd2+/kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake and feed efficiency ratio of cadmium injected animals, were decreased compared with those of normal group. The weights of liver and kidney in cadmium injected groups were not different from those of normal group. Cadmium contents of liver in cadmium groups were 160 fold higher those that of normal group. Accumulation of cadmium poisoned rat liver was reduced by vitamin E supplementation. Contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit in 0E Cd groups were decreased to 2~ 14% of those of the other groups. Contents of serum triglyceride in all experimental groups were not significantly different each other. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and antherogenic index in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were higher than those of normal group, while the contents of HDL cholesterol in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were lower than those of normal group. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity and cytochrome P450 contents in the liver were significantly increased in cadmium injected groups but these were reduced by vitamin E supplementations. The present results indicate that acute cadmium poisoning in rats causes increasing free radical generation systems in the liver and that leads to liver tissue damage. But these abnormalities can be reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementations.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2000

흰쥐에 있어서 피부의 공기차단이 피부조직의 xanthine oxidase (XO) 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 직경 46 mm, 높이 10 mm인 petri dish-shaped glass chamber에 순간접착제 ($\alpha$-cyanoacrylate)를 이용하여 실험동물의 등 부위 피부조직에 부착시켜 10일간 공기의 접촉을 차단하였다. 공기 접촉 차단 5일째에 피부의 땀 축적량은 약 400 mg 정도이었으나, 10일째에는 약 25 mg으로 감소하였다. 5일간 피부차단 시 피부조직 중 XO 활성은 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며, 그 증가율은 chamber 내의 땀 축적량과 관련하여 10일간 피부차단군 보다 높게 나타났다. 5일간 피부차단 시 XO의 기질 농도 변화에 따른 반응 속도를 관찰한 결과, 대조군에 비해 V$_{max}$ 치가 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험 결과를 보아, 피부의 공기접촉 차단으로 피부조직 중 XO효소 활성이 증가된 것은 이 효소 단백 합성 유도에 기인되며, 이는 피부조직에서 oxygen free radical의 생성을 유도하여 외부 환경에 대한 방어장벽작용에 관여할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

This study was initiated to investigate antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and properties of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and fermentation culture filtrates from Phellinus igniarius. The contents of total phenols and flavonoid of fruit bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrate were 15.35-1.36 mg/g, 10.35-7.85 mg/g, and 8.25-5.36 mg/g. The 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrates were 90.25-95.60%, 78.82-85.24%, and 76.32-82.50% at $50-400{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The chelating ability of fruiting body extract on ferrous ions was higher than those of mycelia and culture filtrates tested. The anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extract at 400 ${mu}g/mg$ exhibited 91.10% on AChE, which is lower than that of positive control, galanthamine (94.82%). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture extract were 85.47%, 78.13%, and 72.49% at 400 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Overall, the fruiting body extract has better anti-acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than those from mycelia and culture filtrate.