• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2001

The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary toxicity and general pharmacology of KML-IIU, a purified pectin from Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum). KML-IIU was administered intravenously to ICR mice and Spargue-Dawley rats to investigate the acute toxicity. LD50 values in mice and rats were above 30 $\mu$g/kg. KML-IIU had no effects on the general behaviors, acetic acid induced writhing syndrome, pentobarbial induced sleeping time, pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion and the change of body temperature. In addition, KML-IIU did not show any effects on digestive system and blood coagulation system.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1979

Benorylate and ethoxybenzamide have been used alone or in combination as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory agent. We investigated the significance of the differences of analgesic activities between single and concurrent administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide and lorazepam in mice and also antipyretic activity between single and concurrent administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide in rats. 1). Concurrent administration of each half dose of benorylate and ethoxybenamide showed much inhibiting effect on the acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome of mice than the above drug alone, and the some increased analgesic response by hot plate method. 2). The synergistic and analgesic effect of combined administration of benorylate and lorazepam was found to be significant. 3). Antipyretic effect of half-dose combined administration of benorylate and ethoxybenzamide on the rat pyrexia induced by yeast(s.c.) and T.T.G. (i.v.) was shown to be similar to the effect of each drug.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1998

The ethanol extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica fructus (EEOF) and Opuntia ficus-indica stem (EEOS) were prepared and used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of cactus. Both the extracts inhibited the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid, indicating that they contains analgesic effect. The oral administrations of EEOF and EEOS suppressed carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and also showed potent inhibition in the leukocyte migration of CMC-pouch model in rats. Moreover, the extracts suppressed the release of $\beta$-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme in rat neutrophils. It was also noted that the extracts showed the protective effect on gastric mucosal layers. From the results it is suggested that the cactus extracts contain anti-inflammatory action having protective effect against gastric lesions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.589-613
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Bangpoongtongsungsan water extract(BTSE) on the immune reaction, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action in BALB/c mice. The administration of BTSE (500mg/kg) enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes and the population of helper T cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. BTSE suppressed the production of nitric oxide, but enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. BTSE enhanced hemagglutination titer in mice. BTSE inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by egg albumin in rat, the lethal anaphylaxis induced by platelet activating factor and compound 48/80 in mice, and then inhibited the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. BTSE did not inhibit Arthus reaction, but inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity induced by SRBC and contact dermatitis induced by DNFB. BTSE inhibited the acute hind paw edema induced by histamine after 30 minutes, the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity induced by acetic acid and the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that BTSE has an immunopotentiative action, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action via the inhibition of histamine release.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.233-236
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• 2003

An extract of Alnus japonica (Betulaceae) cortex has been traditionally used for purifying blood, and curing feces containing blood, enteritis, diarrhea, alcoholism and cut wounds. Alnus japonica cortex extract significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema at 1, 2 and 3 hrs after oral administration by 32.8, 24.4, and 46.9%. It also inhibited acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice by 15.3 and 28.0% at oral doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, and it significantly reduced the volume of hindpaw of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats at the day 6 and 10 by 22.5 and 18.7% after the sample administration. Alnus japonica cortex extract increased threshold on inflamed paw (Randall-Selitto assay) at 3 hr by 137.5% compared to the control group. It also reduced the number of writhing syndrome dose- dependently.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1993

Three components, fraxetin-8-glucoside, esculetin-6-glucoside and mannitol, were isolated from the stem bark of Fraxinus chiisanensis var. stenophylla, F. japonica var. intermedia and F. densata. The MeOH extract of the cortex of F. densata had the antiinflammatory activity on the carrageenin-induced paw edema in rat. The MeOH extracts of the cortex of all three Fraxinus spp. have the potent analgesic activity on the HOAc-induced writhing syndrome in mouse and the hepatoprotective activity on the $CCl_4-induced$ fatty liver in rat: protection of ballooning formation and inhibition of sGPT and sGOT increased by $CCl_4$.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

The Woo-Whang-po-Lyong-Whan has been used as one of the traditional medicines in the field of pediatrics so far since Song dynasty, and still it is widely being used nowadays. It might be considered to be a contribution to do further basic experimental studies on antipyretic, anticonvulsive and analgetic action of the Woo-Whang-po-Lyong-Whan. So it's pharmacological studies were carried out comparing to control drugs. ?Following conclusions were obtained. 1. It's antipyretic action was compared to that of aspirin by Writhing response using acetic acid-method. Mice were given one twentith, one tenth and one fifth tablets of the Woo-Whang-po-Lyong-Whan per Kg of body weight, respecitively. Writhing syndrome frequencies were noted as 38.4 in control group. and $18.0{\pm}12$, $13.17{\pm}2.28$, $7.33{\pm}12$ in above esperimental groups, respectively. In aspirin group it was $18.5{\pm}1.0$ when 2mg aspirin per body weight of mice was given. So it was recognized that antipyretic action of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan become remarkable by increasing amounts of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan. ?2. Antipyretic action in normal temperature mice group was not significant by increasing concentration of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan, but body temperature dropping in normal mice group was slightly noted than control. group, but less temperature dropping was noted than aminopyrin group. ?3. In fever provocated rats groups using Salmonella typhimurium, antipyretic action of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan was not observed significantly than control group. And slight antipyretic action was noted in aminopyrin group. So that antipyretic action of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan was not significant than those of general antipyretic used nowadays, but slower action was recognized. ?4. Anticonvulsive action of the Woo-Whang-Po-Lyong-Whan was studies comparing to that of phenobarbital. Action was not remarkable than phenobarbital, but was significant than control group. No significant intesifying action was noted by increasing amounts of the Woo-Whang-Po- Lyong-Whang.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.186-200
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Indongdeungjikolpitang water extract(IJTE) on the complication of diabetes. IJTE did not affect the level of blood glucose in alloxan- or streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice, but inhibited the motility of gastrointestine. IJTE inhibited the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid, the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity induced by acetic acid, the paw edema induced by histamine, and the formation of cotton pellet granuloma. IJTE increased the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes. IJTE decreased the release of ${\gamma}-interferone$(${\gamma}-IFN$) and interleukin-2(IL-2), but did not affect the release of interleukin-4(IL-4) from murine thymocytes. IJTE increased the release of IL-4 and decreased the release of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) and $interleukin-1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), but did not affect of ${\gamma}-IFN$ and IL-2 from murine splenocytes. IJTE decreased the release of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ from murine peritoneal macrophages. IJTE decreased the production of niric oxide(NO) from murine peritioneal macrophages and increased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that IJTE has an anti-inflammatory action via the inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and NO production from immune cells.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1998

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Ukgansan(UGS) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. UGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. UGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit.(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of UGS extract on the rectal temperature of mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of UGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of UGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mouse, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract. the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 9 On the experiment of effect of UGS water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. According to the these results, Ukgansan extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.205-225
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• 1996

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Youngyanggaksan (YGS) extract on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. YGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and time to death induced by strychnine. 2. YGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit (3sec, 200F, 25mA). 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of YGS extract on the rectal temperature of rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of YGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of YGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1ml/100g in rats, the writhing syndrome was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 6. On the experiment of sedative effects of YGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 9. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GAD in rat brains after 21 days of oral adminstration of YGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. According to the those results, Youngyanggaksan extract reveals the effects on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.