• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

The study was performed to examine the scaling behavior about dental health. The subjects of this study were 700 workers selected in Daegu. This survey was carried out during 2003. 7. 15 - 2003. 7. 31. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Distribution of respondent's class was male of $53.5\%, female of $46.2\%, and 30's age of $36.2\%, 20's age of $28.2\%. Concerning about dental health was appeared that female was higher rate than male. also, difference was related in their age, working department and residence. 2. In case of no experience to scaling for past 3 years was appeared that male of $67.6\% was higher rate than female of $56.8\%. The frequency of treat scaling was appeared that $46.2\% of the subjects was treated scaling per year. 3. The root cause of no treatment by regular was appeared that 'high expensive' was most high with $38.0\% and 2nd, 'didn't felt importance' was $24.2\%, 3rd 'lack of spare time' was $20.7\%, the last ranking 'only be frightened' was $14.3\%. 4. Method of learning knowledge about scaling was appeared that male and female were similar with their method of it. knowledge level of scaling was learned by internet were higher in worker of 20's age than any other age. also, other difference was related in school career and residence. Opinion about necessity of scaling answer which need or surely need were similar to male of $67.1\% and female of $72.6\%. 5. As for knowledge of scaling was appeared that male of $94.3\% and female of $87.1\% had corrective knowledge. The right answer was significantly different by ages, school career, working department and residence.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 격차 기여요인 분석을 통하여 장애인 노동자의 임금 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 것이다. 연구의 대상은 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원『2018년 기업체 장애인 고용실태조사』의 원자료 중 주요 변수에 결측이 발생한 케이스를 제외한 3,546건이며, SPSS 25와 STATA 14를 이용하여 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 불평등 분해분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 장애인 고용기업체의 임금 격차에 기여하는 요인은 '교육수준' 12.63%, '자산' 6.37%, '직무숙련 정도' 4.87%, '여성고용비율' 3.30%, '판매이익' 2.33%, '장애인 노동자 대상 교육 및 훈련 실시' 1.19%, '노동조합가입률' 0.67%, '직장유형' 0.42%, '평균 근로시간' 0.41%, '장애인의 작업 수준에 대한 인식' 0.34%, '장애인 고용이 기업에 도움이 된다는 인식' 0.23%, '장애인 고용비용에 대한 긍정적 인식' 0.17% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구는 장애인 노동자에게 적절한 임금이 제공되기 위한 장애인 고용기업 차원과 사회적 차원, 장애인 노동자 차원에서의 접근을 제안하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.570-586
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• 2015

본 연구는 은퇴를 앞둔 은퇴예정자들의 은퇴설계가 개인의 삶의 질과 만족도에 미치는 영향을 사회 심리적 위기감의 조절효과 및 인구사회학적 변인에 따른 차이를 분석해보고, 은퇴설계가 국가의 사회적비용 절감에 가장 중요한 요소가 될 수 있으므로 은퇴설계의 사전교육과 은퇴준비에 대한 관심을 정착시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 조사대상은 서울 및 수도권에 거주하는 은퇴를 앞둔 직장인을 대상으로, 총 350부의 자료를 배포하여 회수된 335명의 표본이 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 인구통계학적 변수 중 주택소유형태와 학력에 따라 총체적 만족감에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 주택소유형태는 임대인 경우, 학력은 높을수록 총체적 만족감이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 만족도에는 휴식으로의 전환이 부(-)의 영향, 출발에 대한 기대가 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 사회적 심리적 위기감의 조절효과는 없고 부정적 인생평가가 독립변수 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인지적 정보에는 휴식으로의 전환과 강요된 좌절은 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 직업 불만족이 조절적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 삶의 질 개선에는 은퇴설계가 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회 심리적 위기감의 조절효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated the relationship of occupational class and educational background with proportional mortality ratios in Korea. Methods : Mortality was investigated using the entire registered death data from 1993 to 2004, obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office. Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for specific diseases were calculated according to the occupational class and educational background of men aged 20-64. Results : Manual workers were found to have higher PMRs for liver disease and traffic accidents, as did the lower educated group. Especially, this study showed trends of an increasing of the wide gap between lower and higher socioeconomic stati for liver disease, traffic accidents, diabetes mellitus and cerebral vascular disease. The mortality for cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, traffic accident and liver disease showed increasing trends according to the calendar year for the lower than the higher social class. Conclusions : The specific conditions that had higher PMRs in the Korean lower social class were liver disease and traffic accidents. Especially, there was an increasing trend for a widening of the gap between manual and non-manual groups in relation to mortality from liver disease, diabetes mellitus and traffic accidents.

• 한국인구학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.231-270
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• 2002

지구화시대에 정보산업이 발달하고 국가 경쟁력이 더욱 더 중요해지면서 미국에서도 학교에서 노동으로의 이행에 깊은 관심을 가지고 있다. 학교교육이 산업계의 요구를 충족시켜야 한다는 주장과 학교교육은 기술교육이 아니라 인문교육이어야 한다는 주장이 팽팽하게 맞서고 있지만, 미국은 최근 들어 학교에서 노동으로의 이행을 돕기 위해 새로운 법령을 공포하고 여러 프로그램에 재정적인 지원을 아끼지 않고 있다. 그러나 학생뿐만 아니라 학부모들은 고등학교의 학력으로는 좋은 직장을 얻기 힘들고, 대학 졸업자에 비해 낮은 임금을 받으며, 영원히 사회내에서 낮은 계층에 머무를지 모른다는 위기의식을 지니고 있다. 따라서 학교에서 노동으로의 이행의 프로그램에 적극 참여하기보다는 대학교에 가기 위한 보조장치로 활용하는 경우도 있다. 미국의 주 정부에서는 연방정부의 재정적 지원을 받아 각종 학교-노동시장이행 프로그램을 마련하고 있지만, 연방정부의 재정적 지원이 끊기면서 독자적으로 프로그램을 운영할 전망은 밝지 않다. 고등학교와 대학교를 연계시켜 학교에서 노동시장으로의 이행을 돕는 프로그램은 지구화시대에 치열한 경쟁을 뚫고 나가기 위한 중요한 사회적 장치이다. 그러나 전통적으로 인문교육과 대학교에 진학하는 것이 학부모의 관심사였던 미국사회에서 학교-노동시장 이행 프로그램은 아직 완전히 정착되지 못하고 있다.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2020

본 연구는 일학습병행에 참여하는 중소기업과 일반 중소기업의 조직구성원들을 대상으로 조직지원인식, 업무몰입, 이직의도 간 구조적 관계를 규명하고, 두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있는지 분석함으로써 일학습병행의 효과성을 실증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 일학습병행 참여 중소기업과 일반 중소기업 구성원을 대상으로 2018년 8월부터 12월까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 일학습병행 참여 중소기업 321부, 일반 중소기업 295부를 수집하여 총 616부를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구결과 일학습병행 참여 중소기업과 일반 중소기업 모두 조직지원인식이 업무몰입에 정적(+)인 영향을 미치고, 조직지원인식과 업무몰입은 이직의도에 부적(-)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 업무몰입은 조직지원인식과 이직의도의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 조직지원인식과 이직의도 사이의 조건부 간접효과는 일학습병행 참여 여부에 따라 조절됨을 확인하였다. 그러나 일학습병행 참여에 따른 조직지원인식과 이직의도 사이의 조건부 직접효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 학문적·실무적 논의와 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the information of the aged olds for which basic data are almost no available. The subjects were divided on the base of age 75. The elderly under 75 were named 'the young olds' and over 75 were 'the aged olds'. The aim of this research is to promote health and to improve nutrition, and the survey was made for health promotion behaviors, habits against health risk, dietary management status and diet intake. And it was conducted by 24 hr-recall method and analyzed by nutrients intake. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or counties in Gyeonggi Province and 20 elderly people (10 male and 10 female) were selected out of 1 village in each district. Questionnaire about health behavior and dietary management was carried out by interview method through regional home extension workers. Statistical analyses were made by SAS (version 8.1) and Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were used. Out of the subjects the aged olds over 75 was 31.9%, elementary school educated (93.5%), with spouse (40.3%), with adult children(28.6%), monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(40.3%). Mean age was 78.82 years compared with 69.75 years of the young olds. 46.8% of the aged olds used monthly pocket money over 1000 won and it was lower than 63.3% of the young olds. Only half of the aged olds had regular exercise of walking (77.8%) or with athletic equipment (17.8%). However, the young olds did more frequent walking (82.1 %) and less exercise with athletic equipment (4.8 %), which was significantly different. Kinds of disease were different with the young or the aged olds, as more proportion of cardiovascular disease(37.9%) for the young olds and joint lumbago neuralgia(41.6%) for the aged olds. Dietary management was good (3 meals per day: 93.4%, fixed mealtime: 72.4%, and regular amount: 79.9%). But there was significant difference in side dish varieties and kinds of snacks; for the aged olds only 8% had over 5 sorts (compared with 18.8% of the young olds) and the kinds of snacks were cookie, candy, juice, carbonated beverage for the aged olds (compared with noodle, milk, soybean-milk for young olds). The ratio of nutrients intake (energy, riboflavin and niacin) with RDA was significantly higher for the aged olds than that of the young olds. The surveyed subjects had no difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), but some of the aged olds had difficulties in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) like housekeeping, using transportation, going shopping and making phone calls. These results suggest that low quality of life is linked with low economic status of the rural elderly and congregate meal at village hall would be required because of the lack of side dishes variety for the aged olds. And nutrition education program about good snacks and exercise practice would be needed for the aged olds. By operating nutrition education program the aged olds would enjoy better quality life maintaining or ameliorating IADL abilities.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 생산인구 감소 시대 도래와 정년 연장법 통과에 따라 고령화 되어가는 연구개발 인력들의 활용모델과 시사점을 발굴하는 것이다. 연구개발 분야의 장년 연구개발 인력들의 활용 가능성과 중요성에도 불구하고 이 분야에 대한 체계적인 연구가 부족하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1) 장년 연구개발 인력들을 현재 일하는 기관에서 새로 고용되어 더 일할 수 있는 내부 정년 달성형 모델, 2) 현재 일하고 있는 기관과 연계된 기관에서 자신의 능력을 발휘할 수 있는 외부 연계 정년 달성형 모델, 3) 현재 일하고 있는 기관에서 정년을 연장하여 계속 일할 수 있는 정년 연장형 모델, 4) 새로운 기관으로의 재취업을 위해 정보를 제공하고 교육을 실시하는 전직지원형 모델으로 구분하여 구체적인 방안들을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 장년 연구개발인력을 지원할 수 있는 법제 개선과 장년 연구개발 인력들과 관리자간의 대화와 소통을 강조하는 내용을 제언하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.240-253
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• 1997

The main problems contributing to food poisoning outbreaks in institutional settings and a home were reviewed and analyzed through the epidemiological investigations of food poisoning. The major documented factors included improper holding temperatures, inadequate cooking, poor personal hygiene, cross-contamination and contaminated equipment, food from unsafe sources, failure to follow food hygiene policies, and lack of education, training, monitoring and superivision. Usually more than one factor contributed to the development of an outbreak. (1) Use of improper holding temperatures was the single most important factor contributing to food poisoning. They included improper cooling, allowing a laps of time (12 hours or more) between preparing food and eating it, improper hot holding, and inadequate or improper thawing. Food thermometers were not used in most of the instances. (2) In inadequate cooking, the core temperature of food during and after cooking had not been measured, and routine monitoring was limited to recording the temperature of plated meals. Compared with conventional methods of cooking, microwave ovens did not protect against food poisoning as effectively. Centralized food preparation potentially increased the risk of food poisoning outbreaks. (3) Poor personal hygiene both at the individual level (improper handwashing and lack of proper hygienic practices) and at the institutional level (poor general sanitization) increased the risk of transmission. Person to person transmission of enteric pathogens through direct contact and via fomites has been noted in several instances. (4) Obtaining food from unsafe sources was a risk factor in outbreaks of food poisoning. Food risks were high when food was grown or harvested from contaminated areas. Possibilities included contamination in the field, in transport, at the retail site, or at the time it was prepared for serving. (5) Cross-contamination and inadequate cleaning/handling of equipment became potential vehicles of food poisoning. Failure to separate cooked food from raw food was also a risk factor. (6) Failure to follow food hygiene policies also provided opportunities for outbreaks of food poisoning. It included improper hygienic practices during food preparation, neglect of personnel policies (involvement of symptomatic workers in food preparation), poor results on routine inspections, and disregarding the results and recommendations of an inspection. (7) Lack of formal and in-service education, training, monitoring, and supervision of food handlers or supervisors were critical and perhaps neglected elements in occurrences of food poisoning.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2011

Methods: This study was performed to estimate the use of frozen convenience food in middle schools located in the Daegu district. Objectives: These schools have directly managed school meal services. The subjects for this study were 145 students and 66 dieticians. The study involved a survey on food preference and quantity satisfaction of the students and the frequency of use of frozen convenience food in the daily menu. Results: As the result, 50.0% of the students were not satisfied with the meat and poultry quantity from school meals(felt small), and 25.0% of students were not satisfied with vegetables(felt much). The majority of students (50.7%) who were not satisfied with vegetables said they were dissatisfied with the school food because of the taste. On the other hand, 36.6% said they were dissatisfied because they dislike vegetables in general. As for the use and frequency rate of frozen convenience food, the survey results were revealed in the order of dumpling 58.3% > processed meat 50.0% > chicken 50.0% > frozen marine food 40.4% > cuttlefish 30.3% > miscellaneous 26.3% > vegetable & potatoes 14.4%. It was found that many schools employing more than five workers did not use flour-based frozen foods in their menu. As for the use of the frozen processed food, many schools which had an average food cost of more than 1,700 Won were found to use frozen foods more than once a month. In addition, chicken was not used often at the schools whose average food cost was less than 1,500 Won while many schools, whose average food items cost was more than 1,500 Won, incorporated chicken into the menu once a month. Processed flour food [hot dog] was used often by schools whose average food cost was between 1,500 Won and 1,600 Won. As for the actual conditions of using frozen convenience food, there was a significant difference in the use of chicken in relation with the number of food service recipients. As a result, the use of frozen convenience food has been shown to be related with food cost, number of food preparers, and the number of school students.