• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.6 s.96
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• pp.747-755
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• 2006

This study evaluated the microbiological hazard of three Korean rice cake products (Gaepidduk, Injulmi, Julpyon). Microorganisms testing was conducted in various phases of the product flow of Korean rice cakes preparation, food equipment, environment work and cook employees at small scale. The results showed the presence of redbean paste, soybean powder and oil at levels as high as $10^5$ CFU/g on the hazard analysis of rice cakes ingredients. High levels of coliforms were detected in Julpyon products after 24 hr. and on the cooker's aprons. Clinical bacteria were not detected in any of the rice cakes. We concluded that there is a strong requirement for education related to personal hygiene for the production of hygienic rice cake products and for the publics health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.311-319
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• 2008

We present an innovative method of multi physics application involving energetic materials. Energetic materials are related to reacting flows in extreme environments such as fires and explosions. They typically involve high pressure, high temperature, strong shock waves and high strain rate deformation of metals. We use an Eulerian methodology to address these problems. Our approach is naturally free from large deformation of materials that make it suitable for high strain rate multi-material interacting problems. Furthermore we eliminate the possible interface smearing by using the level sets. We heave devised a new level set based tracking framework that can elegantly handle large gradients typically found in reacting gases and metals. We show several work-in-progress application of our integrated framework.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1277-1288
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• 2018

In this work, the reactor kinetics capability is used to compute the design safety parameters in a PWR due to complete loss of coolant flow during protected and unprotected accidents. A thermal-hydraulic code coupled with a point reactor kinetic model are used for these calculations; where kinetics parameters have been developed from the neutronic SRAC code to provide inputs to RELAP5-3D code to calculate parameters related to safety and guarantee that they meet the regulatory requirements. In RELAP5-3D the reactivity feedback is computed by both separable and tabular models. The results show the importance of the reactivity feedback on calculating the power which is the key parameter that controls the clad and fuel temperatures to maintain them below their melting point and therefore prevent core melt. In addition, extending modeling capability from separable to tabular model has nonremarkable influence on calculated safety parameters.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.22-34
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• 2013

As construction project has been becoming larger, specialized and complicated, it is important to utilize a lot of information that is made by diverse participants. Especially this information is mainly produced in construction site that plays a leading role in construction project. The problem of information exchange between participants of construction site causes decline of construction productivity. So as to resolve this problem, there is a many interest in BIM(Building Information Modeling) that makes and manages a necessary data during building life cycle. But in Korea construction industry, applying BIM in construction phase is less active than in design phase. Through studying previous research, this study classify the main cause of failure related to information exchange in framework construction. And by interviewing expert, it draw a work that is possible to apply BIM. Next through analyzing framework construction site that is applied with BIM, this study proposes specific information flow model for supporting work by BIM.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.725-731
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• 2009

Construction documents are recognized as an essential component for making a decision and supporting on construction processes. In construction, the management of project document is a complex process due to different factors such as document types, stakeholder involvement, document flow, and document flow processes. Therefore, inappropriate management of project documents can cause several impacts on construction work processes such as delay or poor quality of work. Several information and communication technologies (ICT) were proposed to overcome problems concerning document management practice in construction projects. However, the adoption of ICT may have some limitation on the compatibility of specific document workflow. Lack of understanding on designing document system may cause many problems during the use and implementation phase. Thus, this paper proposes the framework that integrates Soft System Methodology (SSM) concept and Integrated Definition Modeling Technique (IDEF) for analyzing document management system in construction project. Research methodology is classified as the case study. Five main construction building projects are selected as case studies. The qualitative data related to problems and processes are collected by interviewing construction project participants such as main contractors, owners, consultants, and designers. The findings from case study show the benefits of using SSM and IDEF. The use of SSM can help identify the problems in managing construction document in rich picture view whereas IDEF can illustrate the document flow in construction project in details. In addition, the idea of integrating these two concepts can be used to identify the root causes of process problems at the information level. As the results, this idea can be applied to analyze and design web-based document management system in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.12
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• pp.87-120
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• 1985

The present study aims at identifying the nature of the organizational patterns for serial management and thus providing an assitance for decision-making in regards to how the serials in an individual library be processed. The premise of the paper is that effective management is ensued from adopting proper organizational arrangement. In the first part. attempts are made to bring to the fore the problems inherent in serial management and the efforts made for possible solutions. The main portion of the paper eximines the two outstanding patterns; namely, the decentralized arrangement patterned after the traditional functions of a library and the centralized one integrating such functions as acquisition, cataloging and information service. Both are examined in light of nature, development, applicability, strengths and weeknesses. Automation is viewed as a strong force for a change in organizing serial work as it has already brought about organizational change in some large libraries. The general conclusion is that a large collection(5,000 active titles or more) has much to benefit from a separate, specialized department. which integrates the related functions; and the smaller collection can be effectively treated like the rest of the library materials, assigning a specific unit responsible for serial work and promoting an informal communication activities which would bring about coordination and coorperation for the free flow of serial work.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 1990

The OXYREX hollow fiber membrane oxygenator developed by joint work of KIST and Green Cross Medical company has been evaluated by experimental investigation and clinical application, In this oxygenator gas exchanges occur through small pores of 0.1pm size which are distributed on 70% of surface of polypropylene hollow fiber. The Oxyrex membrane oxygenator consists of 36 thousand hollow fibers and it has 3.3m2 of gas exchange surface. The Oxyrex membrane oxygenator has unique blood flow path: blood enters the oxygenator passes between the hollow fibers and exits through outlet ports, that provides low transmembrane pressure drop. In the animal experiment and in vitro investigations of Oxyrex oxygenator, it showed low transmembrane pressure difference, effective heat exchanger performance, stable gas transfer function and less blood trauma. The Oxyrex oxygenator been used from March, 1990, to October, 1990, in 40 patients undergoing open heart operations. In the clinical applications of Oxyrex, adequate oxygenation[PaO2, 283$\pm$70mmHg] and carbon dioxide removal[PaCO2, 27\ulcorner6mmHg]were maintained under the condition of FiO2: below 0.6, Hct; 25%, perfusion flow; 2.4 L/min, gas flow: 2.1 L/min. During maximum 365 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB] time period, the Oxyrex oxygenator maintained stable condition of PaO2, PaCO2 respectively and it also kept low plasma hemoglobin level. The complement proteins C3 and CH50 were not significantly changed pre to post CPB. There were no complications related to the oxygenator during and after the CPB.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 1999

The entry compression wave, which forms at the entrance of a high-speed railway tunnel, is closely related to the pressure transients in the train/tunnel systems as well as an impulsive noise appearing at the exit of the tunnel. In order to alleviate such undesirable phenomena, some control strategies have been applied to the compression wave propagating inside the tunnel. The objective of the current work is to investigate the effect of tunnel entrance hoods on the entry compression wave at the vicinity of the tunnel entrance. Three types of entrance hoods were tested by the numerical method using the characteristics of method for a wide range of train speeds. The results show that the maximum pressure gradient of compression wave can be considerably reduced by the tunnel entrance hood. Optimum hood shape necessary to reduce the pressure transients and impulsive noise was found to be of an abrupt type hood with its cross-sectional area 2.5 times the tunnel area. It is believed that the current results are highly useful in predicting the effects of entrance hoods and in choosing the shape of proper hood.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.2076-2082
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• 2011

The goal of this paper is to find an operating conditions of the single direct ethanol fuel cell such as the cell temperature, and flow rates of ethanol and oxygen. To investigate the output characteristics, the electrical current increased from 0[A] with interval of 0.001[A] every 2[s], and the cell voltage was increased until the voltage became 0.05[V]. Related to the effect of the cell temperature, the output characteristics both voltage and power were increased upto 80[$^{\circ}C$] according to the increase of the current density, but those were decreased over that temperature. In addition, the optimal flow rate of ethanol in anode was identified as of 2[mL/min] due to the dependence of generation rate such as the hydrogen ion and electron. And the flow rate of oxygen in cathode was desirable to about 300[sccm/min], it might be affected by the chemical reaction rate of the water formation among hydrogen ion, electron, and oxygen. Consequently, the fundamental conditions were identified in this work, and it will be carried out to find the best conditions of membrane by the effect of the plasma surface treatment, and the effect of other catalysts except for a platinum.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 1988

Herzberg and his associates concluded from their findings that job satisfaction consisted on two independent dimension ; the first dimension was related to job satisfaction, the second to job dissatisfaction. According to the Herzberg theory, the satisfiers are related to the nature of the work itself and the rewards that flow directly from the performance of that work. The dissatisfaction factors are associated with the individual's relation to the context or environment in which he works. The purpose of this study was to investigate selected factors which result in job satisfaction / dissatisfaction of nurses employed in general hospital. In a study of this nature, it is important that the population be as homogenous as possible in order to reduce the effects of the different environments and backgrounds on job satisfaction. A job satisfaction questionnaire developed by Slabitt et als. was used for this study. It contains 45 statements and utilizes a Likert type scale of 5. Participants were asked to select response which were congruent with their perceptions of the item. It was decided to conduct the study in one general hospital in Seoul. A sample of 505 clinical nurses were selected to participate in this study. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The overall mean score for the 45 five-point scales of job satisfaction items was 2.945, showing that the subjects of this study were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. 2. To identify the specific job related factors that result in Job satisfaction / dissatisfaction, the 45 items of job satisfaction were divided into 6 areas and the mean scores and % of agreement were compared. The specific job related factor that resulted in job satisfaction was the job status and those that resulted in job dissatisfaction were salaries, task requirements and organization requirements. But the areas of autonomy and interaction did not belong to either side of the specific job related factors. 3. To identify the relationship between the job satisfaction and the subject's general characteristic, data was analyzed using the t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. It was found that the relationship between the job satisfaction and the request for rotation and intention to remain on the job were statistically significant at .05 level, but the relationship between the job satisfaction and age, work experience, and educational background were nor statistically significant at the .05 level.