• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2011

Dent resistance is determined by both shape characteristics, i.e., local radius of curvature and sheet thickness, and material properties such as yield strength. This work presents results of a study on the effect of work hardening and bake hardening on dent resistance of aluminum alloy sheet parts by considering the forming condition and baking temperature.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1998

Solutions of geotechnical engineering problems require calculation of deformation and stresses during various stages of loading. Powerful numerical methods are available to make such calculation even for complicated problems. To get accurate results, realistic stress-strain relationships of soil are dependent on a number of factors such as soil type, density, stress level and stress path. Attempts are continuously being made to develope analytical models for soils incorporating all such factors. The nature of stress-path dependency, the principle that governs deformations in sand, and the use of Lade's single work-hardening model for predicting sand response for a variety of stress-paths have been investigated and are examined. The test results and the analyses presented show that under some conditions sand exhibits stress-path dependent behavior. The strains calculated from Lade's single work-hardening model are in reasonable agreement with those measured, but some discrepancies occur. The largest difference between measured and calculated strains occurs for proportional loading with increasing stresses and for stress-path directions.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.317-320
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• 2005

The micro-alloying forging steels have been developed to save energy consumption during forging and subsequent heat treatment stages. The work hardening ability of micro-alloying forging steels is one of major hardening component while it gives severe die damage if the forging process design is poorly set up on the other hand. In the present study, it was tried to characterize three types of micro-alloying forging steels to understand the differences with the conventional low carbon steels used fur cold forging with a spherodizing heat treatment. After forging of a certain forging part with both micro-alloying forging steels and conventional low carbon steel, several mechanical tests were carried out.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2019

Since the actuators with small- scale structures may be exposed to external reciprocal actions lead to create undesirable loads causing instability, the buckling behaviors of them are interested to make reliable or accurate actions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze plastic buckling behavior of the micro beam structures by adopting a Conventional Mechanism-based Strain Gradient plasticity (CMSG) theory. The effect of length scale on critical force is considered for three types of boundary conditions, i.e. the simply supported, cantilever and clamped - simply supported micro beams. For each case, the stability equations of the buckling are calculated to obtain related critical forces. The constitutive equation involves work hardening phenomenon through defining an index of multiple plastic hardening exponent. In addition, the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis is used for kinematic of deflection. Corresponding to each length scale and index of the plastic work hardening, the critical forces are determined to compare them together.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권9_10호
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• pp.1172-1177
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• 2003

Microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation between gelatin and gum arabic. The object of this work is evaluation of the effect of jelly strength, hardening agent on the particle size distribution, surface morphology and DSC. It was found that the 300bloom jelly strength caused microcapsules' size larger. When the amount of hardening agent increased, the particle mean diameter was larger. The amount of hardening agent was determined to be 10m1 for getting suitable size to finish the fabric.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

Contact tips are required to have a higher resistance to wear and thus to have an extended life time under the advanced GMAW welding process. Several requirements have been specified and employed by domestic industries for selecting their tips for such a purpose. However no attempt has been made to justify their requirements based on the experimental data of wear resistance or life time of contact tips. In this study, five different contact tips with three different compositions were employed for actual GMA welding up to 4 hours and were evaluated their wear resistance by measuring in every one hour the area of enlarged hole at the exit side. Experimental results clearly showed that the Cr-containing tips strengthened by precipitation hardening have much better resistance to wear than those made by work hardening. It was further noticed that Cr is an excellent alloying element for improving the wear resistance of contact tips only when it is in an properly aged condition. Initial hardness may play some role in the early stage of wear but not in the later stage of welding because the microstructure of tip changes significantly by the prolonged exposure to welding arc heat. Based on these results, critical review has been made on the current requirements employed by domestic industries. Of importance is that a new guideline has been confirmed to be more reasonable.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.266-278
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• 1995

The high strain-rate dynamic plastic behavior of Fe-X%Mn alloys was investigated. The strain rate did not have an effect when tested under quasi-static strain rates($2{\times}10^{-3}/sec$ and $2{\times}10^{-1}/sec$). However, the true stress increased at all strain levels when the strain rate increased to $6{\times}10^3/sec$. Based on the experimental results, an constitution equation to calculate the dynamic strength for strain rates over $10^4/sec$ was determined. The Fe-5%Mn alloy containing athermal ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ martensite initially did not show work hardening. The work hardening increased with Mn content showing a maximum at 20% Mn. The high work hardening of Fe-20%Mn and Fe-30%Mn alloys appears to be closely related not only to the initial amounts of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite but to the strain induced transformation (${\gamma}{\rightarrow}{\varepsilon}$ and ${\varepsilon}{\rightarrow}{\alpha}^{\prime}$) occurring during each stages of deformation.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-96
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• 1992

본 문은 Lade의 단일항복면 구성모델(single work-hardening model)을 선정하여 사질토의 거동해석에 필요한 토질매개변수를 실내시험을 하여 구하는 과정에서 필연적으로 발생하는 실험오차가 해석결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구방법으로서는 백마강 모래에 대하여 등방압축-팽창시험과 구속압력을 달리한 일련의 배수삼축시험을 하고 이 시험자료를 이용하여 회귀분석을 근거로, 본 연구에서 개발된 토질 매개 변수 결정 프로그램에 의해 기찬매개변수를 결정하고 그 평균치에서 표준편차를 증감시켜 축방 향변형률에 대한 축차응력 및 체적변형률의 상계 및 하계 범위를 밝힘으로서 각 토질매개변수의 민감도를 규명하였다. 그 결과 토질매개변수결정 프로그램의 실용성이 크다는 것을 화인하고 Lade의 단일항복면 구성모델의 예측능력이 좋다는 것을 알았다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

Safety diagnosis of various structural components and facilities is indispensable for preventing catastrophic failure of material by time-dependent and environment accelerating degradation. Also, this diagnosis of operating components should be done periodically for safe maintenance and economical repair. However, conventional standard methods for mechanical properties have the problems of bulky specimen, destructive procedure and complex procedure of specimen sampling. So, a non-destructive and simple mechanical testing method using small specimen is needed. Therefore, an advanced indentation technique was developed as a potential method for non-destructive testing of in-field structures. This technique measures indentation load-depth curve during indentation and analyzes the mechanical properties related to deformation such as yield strength, tensile strength and work-hardening index. In this paper, we characterized the tensile properties including yield and tensile strengths of the V-modified Cr-Mo steels in petro-chemical and thermo-electrical plants. And also, the effects of hydrogen-assisted degradation of the V-modified Cr-Mo steels were analyzed in terms of work-hardening index and yield ratio.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1335-1342
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 일반적인 구조물에 가장 많이 사용되는 연강박판재(SM12C)가 반복인장하중을 받았을 경우, 즉 이 재료가 프리응력과 프리변형을 받았을 때 시간의 경과에 따르는 경도, 항복강도 및 가공경화지수의 변화를 살펴보았다. 이와 같은 실 험을 통하여 재료가 서서히 안정화되어가는 상태를 왁인하였으며 이를 기초로 하여 레 지듀얼강도(residual strength)와 피로크랙진전속도의 거동을 체계적으로 구명하여 이 연강박판재의 구조물의 안전사용에 기여하도록 하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 아울러 프 리응력 및 프리변형을 받았을 때의 연강박판재의 기계적 성질의 변화를 Taylor의 가공 경화이론에 대응시켜 검토하였다.