• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.497-511
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• 2013

This study aimed to examine Korean men's experiences of work-family balance in dual income families with children under six years of age. We focused on identifying the difficulty of balancing work and family considering their individual, social, and cultural conditions. The method was a qualitative study involving two in-depth interviews with each of 12 men, and analyzing the data through the grounded theory approach. From the results, a model of men's work-family experience was constructed. It demonstrates the central phenomena (difficulties of balancing), the causal conditions (lacking time for family, seeking support from the employer, and learning husband's roles insufficiently), the contextual conditions (remaining paternalism and changing husband's roles), the intervening conditions (workplace, childcare support, and wife characteristics), and strategies (help from relatives, utilizing daycare centers, controlling birth, managing work conditions, and using family polices). We clarify the overall picture of working and family life experiences, and also show how men deal with their problems in their circumstances by balancing working and family life. In conclusion, males have difficulty participating in family life autonomously because of having less decision-making power than the wife. Moreover, the great responsibilities of the breadwinner disturb the work-family balance. Men devote themselves to working to hold a job instead of spending time with their family. However, they ultimately value work-family balance with respect to 'keeping a peaceful family life'.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.499-514
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• 2016

This study was to determine general trends with respect to work-family balance perception and psychological wellbeing, examine correlations between related variables, investigate differences in related variables, and understand the effect of work-family balance perception on psychological well-being in married employees. The subjects were 300 married employees living in G city. The subjects completed a questionnaire and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The major findings were as follows. First, the average scores of men and women's self-esteem were higher than the median. Men had a more traditional gender role attitude and higher work-family balance perception level than women. The scores of men and women's depression were lower and life satisfaction were higher than the median. Second, the scores of men and women's work-family balance perception were different according to working hours. Men's psychological well-being were different according to the scale of work place and women's psychological well-being were different according to household working time. Third, depression in married employees were negatively related to life satisfaction. Their psychological well-being were significantly related to work-family balance perception. Fourth, men's depression were influenced by self-esteem, social care service, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Depression in women were influenced by health state, self-esteem, gender role attitude, family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict. Men's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, and self-esteem. Women's life satisfaction were influenced by health state, economic state, weekly working hours, self-esteem, and work${\rightarrow}$family conflict.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Working men and women experience the overload of labor and the conflict between work and family according to the increase of working women and working couples. Work-family conflict can have adverse effects on quality of life and satisfaction with employees' work lives. And severe conflicts can interfere with employees' concentration on their jobs and increase absenteeism. So, employers are helping to keep employees the balance of work-family by supporting them through family friendly policies. This study emphasized the necessity of work-family balance through the statistical data and importance on the family. And the related studies and efforts of outstanding companies in USA and Korea are provided. Based on this study, programs on work-family balance must be developed and attentions of working families, employers, communities are needed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.43-74
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of perceptions of work and family life on employee job satisfaction and to form a policy approach that contributes to the enhancement of worker satisfaction. In particular, we wanted to analyze how the characteristics of each variable appeared in industry groups with different gender ratios of workers. A notable point of the study was that the respondents who answered that work and family had similar importance were satisfied with their working conditions. In addition, it was found that the higher an employee's evaluation of the work-family reconciliation policy, the higher the employee's satisfaction with their working conditions. As a result of a path analysis, it was found that the most male-dominant industry was manufacturing, and the most female-dominant industry was health and social welfare. In the case of respondents who were employed in the most-male dominant industry, the degree of an employee's understanding of the work-family reconciliation policy recognition, rather than the relative priorities of work and family life, had a greater effect on job satisfaction. On the other hand, respondents who were employed in the most-female dominant industry confirmed that their level of education was highly related to the degree of institutional recognition.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting job satisfaction, job stress, turnover intention, work-family and family-work relationship of married dental hygienists with young children. Methods: 242 copies of self-reported questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis of collected data was conducted using the statistical program of Stata 13.0 (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). Results: Turnover intention was higher when the child age was lower and the child support and parenting stress were higher. But when working hours were adjustable, the turnover intention was low. Job stress was higher as the position, monthly income and night working hours were higher. Job satisfaction was higher as night work was fewer, work time was adjustable and family life satisfaction was higher. When parenting stress was high, job satisfaction was low and job stress and turnover intention were high. Work-family relationships were more affected by lower monthly income and parents-first child caregivers. Workplace factors affecting the family life were monthly income, caregiver and number of night work. The higher the parenting stress, the greater the mutual influence between family and work life. Age, family life, parenting stress and turnover intention were identified to affect family-work relationship. Parenting stress and job stress were identified to be influential on work-family relationship. Conclusions: Married dental hygienists are leaving the clinical setting due to their marriage and childbirth, or showing the effects on family-work and work-family relationships due to parenting. Efforts should be made to efficiently utilize professional manpower and to improve the psychological and physical working environment surrounding the married dental hygienists.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.145-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study examined the differences in work-family spillover process and domains in dual-earner couples with children, using a multidimensional measure of work-family spillover. The subjects of this study were 285 working couples with children. The research tool was questionnaires which consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and multidimensional measure of work-family spillover scale. For data analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach ${\alpha}$, t-test, and paired t-test were performed. Based on analysis of data using factor analysis, three-distinct work-family spillover process can be measured for both wife and husband, time interference, psychological distraction, and energy depletion and the multidimensional measure of work-family spillover is able to validly assess different domains of family life into which spillover occurs. The main results of this study were as following: First, there were significant differences in work-family spillover process according to sex. In work${\rightarrow}$family spillover, male more experienced negative time interference than female, on the other hand, in family${\rightarrow}$work spillover, female more experienced negative energy depletion than male. Second, there were significant differences in domains which work-family spillover occurs according to sex. Male more experienced negative work${\rightarrow}$family spillover than female in marital relations and parent-child relations domains while female more experienced negative family${\rightarrow}$work spillover than male in parent-child relations and home management domains. Third, there were significant differences between wife and husband in work-family spillover process. In work${\rightarrow}$family spillover, husband more experienced negative time interference than wife, on the other hand, in family${\rightarrow}$work spillover, wife more experienced negative energy depletion than husbands. Forth, there were significant differences between wife and husband in domains which work-family spillover occurs. Male more experienced negative work${\rightarrow}$family spillover than female in marital relations, parent-child relations, and leisure life domains. And while husband more experienced negative family${\rightarrow}$work spillover than wife in parent-child relations, wife more experienced negative family${\rightarrow}$work spillover than husband in home management domains.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly impacted various facets of individuals' lives, including perceptions, leisure activities, work-family balance, and overall life satisfaction. This study aims to explore the intricate relationships among changes in perceptions due to COVID-19, leisure activity satisfaction, work-family conflict, and life satisfaction of married working women. Employing path analysis, we examined a dataset of 1,973 married working women drawn from the 8th Korean Women and Families Panel Survey. The findings indicate that while changes in perception associated with COVID-19 did not directly affect leisure activity satisfaction and life satisfaction, they did significantly decrease work-family conflict, indirectly leading to heightened life satisfaction. Additionally, leisure activity satisfaction emerged as a mitigating factor for work-family conflict, contributing to enhanced life satisfaction. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the interplay between external factors, individual perceptions, and well-being, offering insights for devising tailored strategies. The study holds significance in guiding policies and interventions to enhance the quality of life for married working women in the context of evolving pandemic challenges.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.81-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine support policies regarding work and family reconciliation, to suggest plans to improve workplace policies, and to suggest directions for further studies. This study looks at OECD's work-life reconciliation policies as well as family friendly workplace policies in Korea to find a way to enhance business' receptiveness and implementation of the policies. By examining women's labor conditions, this study finds that family friendly workplace policies are necessarily imminent in our society of low fertility and ageing. Along with the evaluation of benefit level and the effectiveness of current policies, this study uses data from interviews with working mothers who have had the experience of family friendly benefits. The results of the analyses suggest that the government should focus on improving the workplace environment in companies that do not show bias against the use of family friendly policies. In order to farm more successful policies, future studies are needed to analyze the changes of fertility, working conditions, support programs, and benefits.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is twofold: to document the current research trends, significance, and actual situation of family business in Germany, and to describe the characteristics of family business work, workers, and interactions influencing work and family functioning in Germany. For this purpose, this study reviewed the sate of family business in Germany through out theoretical approach and secondary national data. In addition, this study collected in 1998 data through face-to-face interviews with female family business managers in Germany. Results of the present study indicate that family business plays a very important role in the economy of Germany. More than 85% of all companies are family businesses, which produce over 60% of GDP in Germany. The notable characteristics of family business households were the high proportion of home owners, high education level of the family business manager, high involvement of family members in family business. Also the high work sati faction among the family members who worked in family business, the effect of family business work on family life, and effect of the family on business success were extremely positive.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-102
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• 2014

This study classified the current work-life balance of full-time female paid workers and tested the typology by using the 2009 Korean Time Survey. The categorization demographic and psychological characteristics of women belonging to each type were comparatively analyzed. It was found that full-time female paid workers used an average of 435.7 minutes for work, 146.4 minutes for family, 104.5 minutes for leisure, and 17.7 minutes for growth. On the basis of times used in each area of work and life, individuals were classified into family-oriented type, work-leisure parallel type, work-oriented type, work-growth parallel type, and work-family parallel type. Psychological characteristics were examined by type. The work-oriented type women experienced feelings of lack of time and fatigue the most compared with women of other types. From examining the influence that the amount of time used in each area of work and life had on psychological characteristics, it was shown that the activity time relevant to leisure influenced psychological characteristics the most. Lastly, based on the limitations of this study, future assignments are discussed.