• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate natural dyeing properties of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). We dyed the Korean traditional paper with dyestuff which extracted from wood meal of Cotinus coggygria Scop (smoke tree) using hot-water, ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution. As mordants, 0.5% of $AlK(SO_4)_2$, $FeCl_2$, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ solution were used respectively. The color of dyed Hanji mainly depended on not the methods of extraction but the kinds of mordant. The dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ colored vivid yellow, $FeCl_2$ colored dark olive, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ colored brown and/or orange. The dyed Hanji with hot-water extractive had the highest K/S value and ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution extractives were followed. The K/S value of dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ was higher than that of $FeCl_2$ and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$. The dyeing effectiveness of after-mordanting method was superior to the others but sim-mordanting method was the worst.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

We investigated the cultivation characteristics of Neolentinus lepideus (21 strains derived from Korea and Japan) on Pinus densiflora sawdust medium as follows; period of mycelial growth, fruiting period, productivity of fruit body and color and morphology of fruit body. The periods for mycelial growth and fruiting on the sawdust medium of N. lepideus were 40~65 days and 6~22 days, respectively. It was produced approximately 48.3 g of fresh weight and 9 fruit-bodies per 600 g of sawdust medium. The productivity of fruit body was reduced by scratching off the surface of sawdust medium. We suggest that three strains (KFRI 1199, 1302, 1331) might be good candidates for sawdust cultivation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.479-485
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• 2010

The anatomical characteristics, green moisture content, inorganic element concentration, and black heartwood percentage were compared between the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) planted in a general mountain forest and in a windbreak forest for a mandarin orange field in Jeju island. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Black heartwood percentage was found to be much higher in the trees of windbreak forest than in those of general mountain forest. 2. Green moisture content of wood appeared to increase with the color change of heartwood from reddish brown to black. 3. Inorganic elements of $K_2O$ and CaO in the ray cells of black heartwood were thought to be one of the important factors for black heartwood formation. 4. Wood specific gravity and strength properties were comparatively lower in the trees of Jeju island than in those of southern part of the Korean peninsula. These properties, however, were found to be not significantly different between the trees of windbreak forest and general mountain forest in Jeju island.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 1996

The sappan wood dyeing conditions and mordanting methods suitable for ramie as well as silk were investigated. The HVC values of dyed silk ramie fabrics were varied by the amount of sappan wood in the dyeing bath, while the optimum weight of sappan wood for the extraction of dye was around 15g/l. The K/S value of dyed silk fabric showed no significant difference in the pH range of 3.5 to 6.5. However, the K/S values of dyed ramie fabric was increased proportion to the pH value of dye bath. The K/S value of dyed silk and ramie fabrics were most increased at the highest dyeing temperature in the range of 30 to 9$0^{\circ}C$. By various mordantings, the HVC values of dyed silk and ramie fabrics were differentiated and it's color fastness could be improved.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2012

The domestic pine was used to investigate the change of specific gravity, moisture contents, color and anatomical structure by accelerated weathering test (AWT). According to visual inspection, a few knot separation and looseness as well as considerable surface discoloration was found out. However, the crack and split of surface texture have been never occurred till the last step of AWT. On the whole, as the time of accelerated weathering test has increased, the specific gravity has decreased. Finally, after the 9th week of AWT, the specific gravity was 0.38 that reached to 82% compared to the control specimen. In case of moisture content (MC), it showed rising trend in its early stages, however, after 3th week of AWT it have displayed steady state. A deterioration of cell-wall components was not remarkably observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), however the ray fractures of AWT specimen were observed more than those of control specimen. The full fracture of epithelial cell around resin canal was observed by optical microscope. The fracture of ray of 2th cycle AWT specimen was first, followed by 1th week and control group. A distortion of tracheid for early spring wood and fracture of epithelial cell were generally observed by a similar level, regardless of duration time of AWT. Therefore, it is obvious that increasing duration time of AWT does not affect the deterioration of micro-structure for wood members from this study. Although a considerable change of anatomical properties was not found, there is a need of further research to understand how will the changes of specific gravity and MC on the physical properties of wood member.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

Crystals in the woods and barks of Populus maximowiczii and Populus nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray. Populus examined had the wetwood and the heartwood of Populus showed higher moisture content than in adjacent sapwood. The crystals can be detected clearly by the soft X-ray due to their higher densities than the wood. Crystals in xylem wood of Populus were found mainly at heartwood. However, they were concentrated in specific areas such as in color-stained area or along the specific annual rings. Crystals showed the highest occurrence around the pith. Within a growth ring the amount of crystals in earlywood was more abundant than in latewood. Crystals were observed mainly at vessels and fibers although they occurred at all kinds of cells in heartwood. Crystals in the bark were scattered evenly both in inner bark and in outer bark. Populus nigra${\times}$maximowiczii showed higher frequency of leaf knots than Populus maximowiczii.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.979-986
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability, and the hand of soybean/cotton blended fabric after dyeing with natural and synthetic dyes. Soybean/cotton blended fabrics dyed with extracted solution from turmeric, sappan wood, gardenia and synthetic dyes(weak-acid dyes, reactive dyes, direct dyes). The hand value of soybean/cotton blended fabrics dyed with 6 different dyes was measured using Kawabata Evaluation System. The results are as follows; 1. The K/S value of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with sappan wood extracts was the highest. 2. The color fastness of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with reactive dyes was excellent. The fastness to the light of the same fabric was much better than the other fabrics. 3. Linearity of load-extension and tensile energy of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with sappan wood extracts showed very high. Shear stiffness of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes was much higher than that of fabric of dyed with reactive dyes. Bending property of the fabrics dyed with natural colorants(sappan wood, gardenia) showed very high, but that the fabric dyed with reactive dyes was very poor. 4. In the primary hand value, stiffness and anti-drape stiffness of the fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes showed the highest. Fullness and softness of the fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes showed very low.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of mudanpi. To use mudanpi correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of mudanpi to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1. Source Source of mudanpi is cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(Family:Ranunculaceae) in korea and china. It needs an attention to distinguish into because there is a substitute and a rank in china. 2. process We have to work before harvesting fresh roots is dry perfectly. If outer skin dried moisture a little, cut off outer skin vertically at sunny day, remove a heart and sever, immedietly dry. When working, we have to take care of because of easy discoloration with moisture. 3. Quality (1) Functional standards A diameter is large, it do not exist a heart of wood, a bark is thick and powdery. Section surface is light white color and rich odor with many light crystals. (2) Physicochemical stamdards We think that it needs to raise a contant of paeonol at all kinds of testing standards. A contant of paeonol is at least more than 2.5%. A part of wood indicate a heart of wood which has no medical effects, but is a relatively heavy part. So a standart of wood must be lowered sifnificantly less than 1.0%. It must be content of ash is less than 6.0%, Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 1.0%. A fixed quantity of paeonol is more than 2.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agriculural medince.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.690-694
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• 2010

In this study, herbal wood vinegar including Bambusoideae, Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberis Rhizoma was tested to see possibility for cosmetic or skin related medicine. Anti-oxidation effect of herbal wood vinegar was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and showed 97% inhibition rate at $50{\mu}g/ml$. Anti-bacterial effect was tested by disc diffusion method, and it indicated strong anti-bacterial activity against normal skin flora Staphylococcus aureus. Whitening effect was measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and it was lower compared with vitamin C. Stability test was done by MTT assay, and cell toxicity was relatively high. Stability was also checked, and there was not significant change in color, aroma, appearance and pH during storage. Anti-atopic dermatitis test was done by hairless mouse and herbal wood vinegar recovered damaged skin to almost normal condition after 9 days of application. IgE concentration in herbal wood vinegar treated mouse was also reduced 30% compared with control. From the study, herbal wood vinegar showed good anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial and anti-atopic dermatitis effect, and had promising application in cosmetic or skin related medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to closely examine the history of glasses and their cases used in the middle and late of Joseon Dynasty and identify inherent quality of our traditional glasses cases through color analyses of glasses cases' material and shape. While theoretical examination was conducted based on the literatures of glasses and their cases that firstly appeared in around Japanese Invasion (Imjin war) of Korea in 1592, practical analyses were demonstrated on photos of glasses cases used in the middle and late of Joseon Dynasty collected from both museum pieces and the internet which were grouped into wood, fabric, paper, sharkskin, hawksbill and cow's horn in accordance with their materials. 623 color samples were abstracted from collected 159 glasses cases and quantity analyses on each material were performed respectively. Abstracted representative colors based on the result of color analyses were classified into the main materials and accessories' color scheme. The result of this study are as follow: firstly, both Yellow and Yellow Red were mostly used in main materials. In Fabric case's colors were widely used in embroidery and in animal matter material cases such as sharkskin, hawksbill and cow's horn, which can be used as itself or dyed, Green Yellow shown in high frequency. Secondly, accessories were analyzed into similarity coloration with main materials. From this finding, it turns out that our traditional cases have characteristic of similarity coloration between main materials and accessories. Red Purple and Purple Blue in high frequency in accessories used as an accent color. Finally, based on the analysis of hue and tone, while the middle and low value colors shown in very high frequency, the high-chroma colors hardly shown.