• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2005

This study is to examine the modern women's awareness make-up in psychological standpoint based upon the survey of $20\~30$ years old women's consciousness of the motivation, the attention, the psychological utility, the attitude for make-up, the action behavior and the coordination with clothes. Modern women show a keen interest in make-up in company with the diversity of a fashion. This means the tendency which the intention for change and the expression of oneself are emphasizing on. The motivations of make-up are women's attention to other people and notice of evaluation of others and social meaning of make-up in relation with one's interest in appearances. Also, total coordination is concerned as another motivation. Make-up became the practical use and usual doings for women with the diversity of the information of make-up & the increase of cosmetics. Since there were so many women responded that they start to make up in their teens, we recognized that the women's sense of values has changed with the change of modern society.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.182-198
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• 2014

The main purposes of this study is to evaluate clothing behaviors according to cosmetic surgery parts and to research how the clothing style preference is expressed depending on each clothing behavior group. This study focuses on women in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area whom have cosmetic surgery experiences. From the women being evaluated, the following groups are divided and then surveyed with equal frequency and ratio: 'facial surgery', 'face contour surgery', 'breast surgery', and 'body figure revision'. When comparing the changes in clothing style preferences before and after the cosmetic surgery, they prefer silhouettes which show body shapes, diversity of color tones, and more overall exposing preferences. After investigating the preferred clothing styles based on cosmetic surgery parts, it is being analyzed that body exposure is more aggressively expressed upon after taking the surgery because the self satisfaction is increased according to the changes in their body shapes after the surgery. Lastly, after looking into the cosmetic surgery and the clothing preferences styles of each clothing behavior group, there seems to be more breast surgeries and body figure revisions for aggressive and extroverted characters: the sex-appeal and mood switching type. It is also being analyzed that facial surgeries are more common in the passive group: information collection, trend alignment, and beauty preference. Such results are also reflected in clothing preferences styles: the biggest change is shown in the aggressive and extroverted group, the sex-appeal types.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

The Purposes of this study were to segment Chinese consumers by clothing Purchase motive, and then to analyze and compare the clothing purchasing behavior among the segmented groups. The subjects were 655 career women of middle and high class in their 20's and 30's living in Benjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Changchun. A total of 655 questionnaires were analyzed by using frequency, mean, factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, cluster analysis, and X^2 _ test. The results were as follows: 1. Chinese consumers were segmented into clothing high-involvement group, fashion pursuing group, practicality pursuing group, and characterless group. 2. The clothing purchase behavior variables such as purchasing motive, using informants, clothing selection standards, store selection standards, purchasing place, satisfaction after purchasing clothes, price of purchase, shopping time, shopping companion, and paying method were significantly different among the 4 segmented groups. 3. The demographic variables such as a city, marriage, total monthly income, and average monthly expenditure on clothing were significantly different among the 4 segmented groups.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to obtain and offer useful information on innerwear industry through an analysis of consumer purchasing behavior and preference of their between the 20's and 60's. From 310 questionnaires that were distributed, 308 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSSWIN 10.0. The results were as follows.: It was found that the innerwear for men in their 20's should be developed in an attempt to place greater emphasis on improving functions as an outwear such as impact absorption and protection articulation required for outdoor activities such 3s mountain climbing and in-line skating, rather than the function of thermal insulation. In addition, the development of new materials that improves the hygroscopicity and rapid dryness is needed. For men in their 30's and 40's, the results suggest that innerwear should be designed as thinly as possible without compromising the silhouette of the outwear. For those in their 50's and 60's, it is recommended to intensify the aspects of health and hygiene of the innerwear, while maintaining the function of thermal insulation. Given that a large number of women purchase men's innerwear for their partners, it is important to strengthen the designs and marketing strategy specifically tailored to women's purchasing power.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2001

This study examined the effect of self-perception of health and related factors of flood life and disease on health floods intakes among the middle aged(150 men and 159 women) in the Jeonbuk region. The health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), nutritional supplements(NS), and other manufactured health foods supplements(MHFS). Differences of BMI and self-perception for body shape was that overweight was 30% in men and 24.5% in women on BMI, but conversely was 21.3% in men and 43.4% in women on self-perception for body shape. Men thought themselves more than normal weight, but women thought themselves less than normal weight for the criteria of normal weight. Consumption of CM was high in the overweight group on BMI and was a low in the overweight group on self-perception for bodyshape Men thought themselves better than women and those in their 40's thought better than those in their 50's on self perception of health status, and women were better than men on self-perception of food habits. The difference of health foods intakes according to the self-perception of health status and food habits was not significant. The points of food habits, food attitude and nutrition knowledge were 11.21 $\pm$ 2.43, 68.18 $\pm$ 15.56 and 15.53 $\pm$ 1.59 in women and 10.49 $\pm$ 2.71, 67.53 $\pm$ 14.41, and 15.11 $\pm$ 1.79 in men respectively. The points of all were higher for women than for men. Consumption of CM (p < 0.01) and TF(p < 0.01) were a low in groups that scored high points on nutrition knowledge. The points of climacteric symptoms were that men were 48.36 $\pm$ 6.30 and woman were 46.43 $\pm$ 6.70. Men thought themselves in good condition more than women(p < 0.01), and those in their 40's thought themselves in good condition as opposed to those in their 50's in men(p < 0.05). Consumption of TF and NS were high in the low points group on climacteric symptoms(p < 0.01). Women were higher than men on morbidity, but men were more than women on cases of liver disease(p < 0.01). Consumption of CM was high in the liver disease group(p < 0.05), MHFS was high in the kidney disease group(p < 0.05), TF and NS were hgih in the bone disease group(p < 0.05) and NS was hgih in the endocrine disease group(p < 0.05). People in their 40's were higher than those in their 50's in men on morbidity of cold(p < 0.05), women were higher than men by about 2 times on constipation (p < 0.01), those in their 40's were higher than those in their 50's in mein on gastritis(p < 0.05). Consumption of NS was highest for those with diseases in respiratory organs and gastrointestinal tracts. This study suggests that nutritional education for the right recognition of self-perception of health status and food habits, and nutrition knowledge are needed to select for health floods. Consumption of health foods was different according to kinds of diseases. Thus, recognition of etiology, symptoms and dietetics of diseases is needed to select adequate health foods for diseases in middle age.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effect of family values and the resource factors provided by parents on marriage intention among men and women in their 30s and 40s who have never married. The study participants were 300 never-married men and women in their 30s and 40s living in Seoul and its suburbs. The participants were chosen via purposive sampling. The study results are follows. First, according to the analysis of the subjects' family values and the resource factors provided by parents, both family values and the resource provided factors by parents showed higher scores than the median. Subjects had higher scores than the median score in regards to marriage intention, indicating that they had a greater intention to marry. Second, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the effect of the socio-demographic characteristics of subjects, family values, and the resource factors provided by parents on marriage intention. As a result, age, the need of marriage and gender-role attitudes prevalent in family values, and the economic resources among the resource factors provided by parents had significant effects on marriage intention. Thus, the older the age of the subjects, the more traditional the view of marriage and gender-role attitudes, and the greater the amount of economic resources provided by parents, the greater the subjects' intention to marry.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to measure the effect of a gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program on occupational stress and anxiety in working women aged 30 to 49 in Korea. Scientific methods were employed to test a gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program as treatment for working women in 30-40s to reduce their level of occupational stress and anxiety. The study involved 18 volunteer subjects ages of 30 to 49 years, randomly divided into two groups: (1) gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program, and (2) no program. Both groups completed a pre-test and a post-test of occupational stress scale and trait anxiety inventory. The outcome data was analyzed as qual1litative information using the SPSSPC+ computer program. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the result in order to verify the sameness between experienced group and controlled group of pre-test scores within the groups. Also U-test comparisons were used to analyze the treatment effects. The results of this investigation indicated that (1) occupational stress scores decrease after gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program on the treatment group, and (2) trait-anxiety scores decrease after gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program on the treatment group. In summary, the gestalt group meditation therapy intervention program for career women, aged 30 to 49, in Korea could reduce the subjects' occupational stress and anxiety.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.511-527
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• 1993

Pregnant women need to be supported by their husbands and other family members. But little is known about the factors that contribute to perceived support in pregnant women. So this study is designed to identify the factors contributing to perceived support in pregnant women. The subjects for this study were 19 women who had had vaginal deliveries and 11 who had had cesarean sections in one hospital affiliated with a university. Data were collected during July and August 1992 through interview which lasted 20~30 minutes and used open ended questions. Each woman was interviewed once about their pregnancy experience. The data were analyzed by Van Kaam’s phenomenological analysis method and categorized accord-ing to similarity of content. Results of this study are as follows. 1) Mothers felt physically supported by having help with their activities from their husbands or other family members. Psychological stress was relieved by not having to worry about and / or giving a birth to a baby boy ; getting special attention : and hearing encouraging words. 2) Mothers felt not supported when indifference was shown by her husband and / or relatives ; when forced to do an unusual household activities ; or on hearing words stressing her responsibilities. Suggestion for further study are as follows. It is necessary to see if or not the contents of an educational program would increase the perceived support of pregnant women. This could be done by carrying out an experimental research project.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate the fit preference tendency for ready-to-wears(jackets, skirts, and slacks) of adult women and to find out the respective differences by the age range and the obesity level. The study method was the questionnaire survey with the subjects of 699 women of 20 up to 59 years of age. The questionnaire is composed of fit preference tendency, physical measurements, age, and occupation. For the data analysis, SPSS 90. program was used, and descriptive statistics, Crosstabs, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and t-test were conducted. The findings are as follows. 1. Regarding the fit preferred for each part of jackets, skirts, and slacks, among ready-to-wears, the 'thing with some extra width' in every part was most favored, followed by the 'thing fitting perfectly'. 2. The differences were found in the fit preference tendency by the age of adult women. The fit preference tendency was higher among those in their 20's than among those of the other age range, and those in their 30's and 40's preferred the clothes with less extra width in comparison with those in their 50's. 3. The differences were also found in the fit preference tendency by the obesity level of adult women. The fit preference tendency was high in the order of the emaciation, normalcy, and obesity types. 4. The fit preference tendency was found to be more affected by the obesity level than by the age. The fit preference tendency by the obesity level of each age range showed the differences in all of the age range. However, the normal type did not show the preference difference among the age ranges, in the fit preference tendency by the age range of each obesity level. Clothing manufacturing firms should understand the characteristics of consumers, such as their age, body type, extra width preferred, to provide the consumers of target market with suitable leeway, and they should design the clothing products which meet up these needs in style and silhouette.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7547-7554
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• 2015

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) among women is increasing in India, especially among those with limited education and resources. Preventing the initiation of SLT among women is critical since it has known negative consequences for oral and reproductive health. Most research on tobacco initiation in India focuses on adolescents. This paper addresses the unrecognized issues of post marital initiation among women of reproductive age, highlighting the importance of reproductive stages in women's tobacco initiation. The objective is to examine the correlates of SLT initiation among low income women in Mumbai from pre-marriage through early marriage, first pregnancy and beyond, using case examples to illustrate initiation during each of these stages. Materials and Methods: In 2011-2012, cross-sectional community level survey data were collected from a representative sample of 409 daily SLT-using married women aged 18-40 years in a low income community in Mumbai. Information on socio-demographics, initiation by reproductive stage, types of tobacco use, childhood exposure to tobacco, learning to use, and initiation influences and reasons were collected through a researcher-administered survey. Univariate and bivariate analysis assessed factors influencing initiation of SLT use by reproductive stage. In addition 42 narratives of tobacco use were collected from a purposive sample of pregnant and non-pregnant married women addressing the same questions in detail. Narratives were transcribed, translated, and coded for key concepts including initiation of tobacco use. Results: Thirty-two percent of women initiated SLT use before marriage, 44% initiated after marriage but before pregnancy, 18.1% initiated during their first pregnancy and the remainder started after their first pregnancy. Mean age of marriage among women in this study was 16 years. Younger women (i.e. age at time of the interview of less than 30 years) were 0.47 [95% CI (0.32, 0.87)] percent less likely to initiate after marriage than women aged more than 30 years. Women who got married before 18 years of age were 2.34 [95% CI (1.40, 3.93)] times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Childhood exposure was a predictor for initiating SLT use prior to marriage but not after. Women reporting tooth and gum pain were 1.85 times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Husband and neighbours were the most significant influences on post-marital initiation. Narratives highlighted differences in processes of initiation pre and post marriage and during pregnancy. Conclusions: Most tobacco prevention interventions are directed to adolescents in school. This study suggests that especially for low literate or illiterate women, school based interventions are ineffective. To be effective strategies to prevent SLT initiation must reach women in urban areas at or immediately after marriage and during their first pregnancy. Messages must negate culturally rooted beliefs about the health benefits of SLT in order to prevent initiation and onset of daily use.