• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2010

Previous studies on women who immigrated through marriage were focused on the frictional issues within the couples and their families as well as language tutoring. However, for the long-term integration of these women into society and the acquisition of status, it is most important to increase their economic value. Indeed many such women are facing economic difficulties, and have a strong desire to participate in economic activities. This study focuses on the economic self-sufficiency of these women through employment and entrepreneurship. We analyze their education level and employment experience and attempt to find the most effective policies to support them. We take particular interest in their entrepreneurial motivation and propose policies and frameworks for supporting their successful enterprise creation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.183-202
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine mediating effects of social adaptation on the relationship between employment status and mental health in a sample of marriage immigrant women. Social adaptation was assessed with Korean proficiency and the length of residence in Korea. Participants comprised of a total of 247 marriage immigrant women who reside in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-Do. The data were analyzed by the PASW Statistics 18.0 and the AMOS 18.0 software. The results showed that the social adaptation was a full mediator of the relationship between employment status and mental health. It is plausible to state that employment status may enhance social adaptation, which in turn improve mental health among marriage immigrant women. The implication of our findings is that as employment and social adaptation are important elements of mental health among the marriage immigrate women, education and social support system regarding these antecedent factors should be implemented.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 1995

There is a widespread concern that women's increasing involvement in dual role (job plus family role) may harm their physical health. Longevity of women is longer than that of men. By contrast, prevalence rate is higher in women than men, and No. of prevalence days, No. of days in bed and No. of days with treatment are more in women. Generally, women live longer, but women are worse in health status than men. Rate of labor participation in women is increasing gradually in Korea. This study presents an analysis of the relationships between employment. marital status and health for both Korean women and men to examine how women's increasing involvements in dual role affect their physical health. The data used in this analysis were collected by The National Statistical Office in the spring of 1992. Households, which were sampled by using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method, were interviewed. Response rate was 99.43%. Of these, student or widowed or divorced people were excluded. 47,552 women and men aged 21-50 were available for the analysis. Health status was measured by self-assessed health status (1=excellent, 5=poor), No. of prevalent days, No. of days with treatment, and No. of days in bed in two previous weeks. And control variables are age, and education. Research findings are as follows : 1. Men have better self-rated health, fewer prevalent days, fewer days in bed, and fewer days with treatment than women. 2. The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. 3. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. 4. Interaction effects of sex, marital status, employment are significant. This finding shows that effects of empolyment, marital status on health status is not same for women and men. 5. For male, employed people are more healthier than non-employed people. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. This differences are significant. For female, The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. However, no differences are noticed between the married and the unmarried in health status. In conclusion, there is no evidence that women's involvements in dual role affect their physical health negatively.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.661-669
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the difference in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status. employment characteristics. and job satisfaction/marital satisfaction on each type of satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by National Statistical Office in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaires, which consisted of 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship. and working hours. And marital satisfaction was collected by questionnaires which consisted of 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Result: The results show that more than 60% of women were working as part-time employees. Their education levels were lower than men. Men were satisfied significantly more in their jobs than women. Men also had higher marital satisfaction. The employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. and the marital satisfaction was the second important factor among women and men. As for the age, while older men showed higher job satisfaction, younger women showed higher job satisfaction, 28.04% of the variance in the job satisfaction for men and 33.86% for women were accounted for by the following variables: the younger age. the higher education. job satisfaction, and the higher marital satisfaction, 22.15% of the variance in the marital satisfaction for men and 21.19% for women were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were differences in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction between genders, and that job satisfaction and marital satisfaction influenced each other. Employment status was the most predictive factor on the job satisfaction. Married women had an unstable employment status such as part-time position. The stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for both sexes. The reason that women had lower marital satisfaction than men will have to be further investigated.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine physical health and depression by women's employment status and role satisfaction, and to identify significant predictors for women's health status. Method: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 181 women who were employed or not employed whose child was attending an elementary school through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, 2-way ANCOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Result: Employed women had poorer physical health than that of nonemployed women and women who had greater satisfaction as a parent reported better physical health and lower level of depression than who had lower satisfaction with covariates. Predictor for better physical health after controlling for covariates was being not employed, greater satisfaction with worker's role if employed, and greater satisfaction with parent's role. Women who had lower level of depression reported greater satisfaction with their social roles, but occupancy of multiple roles and role satisfaction as worker were not related to depression. Conclusion: Role quantity and role quality seem to be very important factors to maintain better physical and psychological well-being in women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.318-329
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate current situation of employment and factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities. The second Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled(PSED) and the third PSED are used to investigate current situation of employment and factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities. We analysed whether women with disability who were employed in the second PSED maintain employment in the third PSED. The results showed that women with disabilities had lower wages(p<.001) and higher non-regular work(p<.001) than men with disabilities. Also, women with disabilities experienced more consideration of job(p<.05) and working time(p<.001) than men with disabilities. The job stability among job satisfactions of women with disabilities was higher than men with disabilities. The factors affecting the job maintenance of women with disabilities were health status(p<.05), wages(p<.05), consideration of job(p<.05).This study suggested that the health status, wages, consideration of job were needed to consider when establishing employment policy for women with disabilities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2012

After industrialization, the labor force participation rates of women, especially married women is drastically increasing. So, this study was designed to analyze the determinants of married women's employment status considered. For this, the determinants of married women's employment status were divided into individual-related, children-related, household-related and job-related variables to establish the research models. Based on this, the following results were drawn from a multinominal logistic regression analysis of the determinants of married women's employment status. First, an analysis of individual-related variable showed that married women had the employment status of labor wages with residence in the center of the city and high academic background. Second, an analysis of children-related variable showed that they had the employment status of labor wages with many their children and no their children under the age of six. Third, an analysis of household-related variable showed that they had the self-employment status of labor wages with nuclear family and few income earners of family members. Finally, an analysis of job-related variable showed that they had the employment status of labor wages when they got a job before they got married, their husband didn't get a job, and their husband worked in a professional field. As for findings stated above, as there was a difference in the determinants of married women's employment status, the ways for improvement in the married women's employment status would be suggested as follows. First, married women with young children have the low employment status, basically, requiring problem-solving ways for this because the housekeeping and child-rearing burden caused by marriage and childbirth are factors that continue to obstruct a job. For this, the flexible working hours system, which housekeeping and child-rearing can harmonize with economic activities like developed countries, needs to be activated. But the activation of such flexible working system will produce actual results under institutional protection, such as a related-protection law. Second, the Leave of Child Care System is debated as one of the most representatively systems that housekeeping can harmonize with economic activities. Now, although the System is legislated, the use is very poor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2021

Objectives: A growing number of people depend on flexible employment, characterized by outsider employment status and perceived job insecurity. This study investigated whether there was a synergistic effect of employment status (full-time vs. part-time) and perceived job insecurity on major depressive disorder. Methods: Data were derived from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health of 12 640 of Canada's labor force population, aged 20 to 74. By combining employment status with perceived job insecurity, we formed four employment categories: full-time secure, full-time insecure, part-time secure, and part-time insecure. Results: Results showed no synergistic health effect between employment status and perceived job insecurity. Regardless of employment status (full-time vs. part-time), insecure employment was significantly associated with a high risk of major depressive disorder. Analysis of the interaction between gender and four flexible employment status showed a gender-contingent effect on this link in only full-time insecure category. Men workers with full-time insecure jobs were more likely to experience major depressive disorders than their women counterparts. Conclusions: This study's findings imply that perceived job insecurity may be a critical factor for developing major depressive disorder, in both men and women workers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.195-212
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• 2004

This research is based on the survey of welfare beneficiaries, aiming to set up the gender-equal welfare policies. Through the survey, this research examines status of women in the family and society and also examines, the degree of perception of women's welfare policies, needs, and satisfaction. According to the survey results, the current welfare policies that are limited to needy women should expand its range, enforcing the infra structure. That employment policy for women turned out to be very important in welfare policies. Demand for more enlarged welfare policies is quite high, especially in housing, employment and elderly care. On the contrary, the degree of satisfaction degree appears quite low because of unrealistic welfare program and benefits. In order to improve the welfare policies, more active and realistic employment policies should be emphasized with the proper support for family life. To raise the status of women, proper policies for women's economic independence should be set up. In addition, consciousness of gender equality should be encouraged in the whole society. Also, women's participation in politics and decision-making process is necessary.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aims to understand the effects of job-seeking stress on depression and self-esteem in college students majoring in health science. Methods : In this study, in order to measure college students' employment stress, depression, self-esteem, and social support, a measurement tool was used by modifying and supplementing the questionnaire to suit the purpose and method of this study. The subjects, 210 students (46 men and 164 women) enrolled in colleges located in Busan, had their scores on the Beck depression inventory (BDI), job-seeking stress scale, and self-esteem scale measured. Results : There was a positive correlation between all sub-variables of employment stress, and a negative correlation between employment stress and self-esteem. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between employment stress and depression, and a negative correlation was found between self-esteem and depression. The result taken from the job-stress scale showed that women experienced an overall higher level of stress than men while seeking jobs. Furthermore, in terms of the BDI, men exhibited a higher level of depression than women when subjected to job-seeking stress. Finally, the results from the self-esteem scale reveal that men exhibited less self-esteem than women. Conclusion : A comprehensive review of the study's findings suggested that women had greater job-seeking stress than men. Additionally, it found that, for men, job-seeking stress had a greater impact on depression levels and self-esteem. These results suggest that a higher level of job-seeking stress may lead to higher levels of depression and lower levels of self-esteem. It will be useful to conduct follow-up research by operating self-esteem and depression programs.