• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to survey toddlers' apparel brands in Korea for operation of pattern work rooms, pattern sizes and uses of bodies and measurements, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to development of toddlers' apparel prototypes and production of bodies. For this study, 13 domestic brands were surveyed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; As a result of surveying the pattern work rooms, it was found that 53.8% of the sample brands employed a director of pattern work room, while 38.5% of them did not employed any pattern director. 7.7% of the sample brands employed two pattern directors. Such findings suggests that pattern works for toddlers' apparels are neither specialized nor differentiated as for adults' apparels, and therefore, that apparel production is not efficient. In view of the body profiles, only six brands possessed some or other bodies produced in Japan. The average breast size of No. 3 body was found 51.7cm, waist 48.4cm and hip size was 53.7cm. According to National Standard Body Size Survey Report, average breast size of three-year-old toddlers is 51.2cm, The average waist size is 49.5cm, and the hip size is 52.6cm. All in all, our toddlers' sizes are slightly different from Japanese toddlers', and so, it is deemed necessary to produce the bodies for our toddlers' apparels. As a consequence of surveying the measurements used for pattern production, it was found that five brands of the sample brands were using some or other 'body measurements', and another five brands were body measurements and apparel ones in parallel. All the brands sampled were found using some or other 'apparel measurements'.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of clothes phenomenon of the ruling class women on the Heian period of Japan in the aspects of politics, economics, society, culture, and religion. The findings of the study are as follows. The main characteristics of the Heian period of Japan may include a rare sense of internationalism, low sense of nationalism, and frequent cases of political intrigue. However, noble culture, centered on royal court, was flourished and it enabled to develop sophisticated and graceful culture. During the Nara period and the Heian period (from $8^{th}$ to $12^{th}$ century), there were enormous changes in the clothes, starting from the mid $10^{th}$ century. The clothes of the ruling class in the Heian period underwent changes from the imitative clothes-imitating the clothes of the Tang age of China- to Japanesque clothes-adding the aesthetic consciousness of Japanese ruling class people. Particularly, the clothes of the ruling class women became massive, majestic, and decorative. The changed clothes had also features such as layered look, utilizing underwear as outer garments, using a wide variety of colors, and using hard and solid materials to make clothes. It can be concluded that the clothes of the ruling class people in the Heian period were affected by plural factors such as national and international political situation, economics, society, culture, and religion. The clothes were used by ruling class people as means of expressing their noble and sophisticated beauty, which led to produce humanistic beauty. The Heian period can be described as an era of the highest reach of humanity.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.704-716
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• 2008

This study aims to explore the creation of fashion design that embraces the diversity of human culture by examining oriental images that appear in the modern fashion with a focus on new paradigms that significantly affect human life as the latest trends, and by reflecting the trends of the times. The results of this study are as follows: First, this study examined that with regard to paradigm, a theoretical frame to view universe, the dichotomous, determinist, mechanism, linear paradigm collapsed to convert to undetermined, exoteric, pluralistic, indeterministic, organic, and holistic paradigm. The new paradigm is identified to have emerged before and after 1950s, and through the new paradigm, the characteristics of postmodernism such as historicality, popularity, locality, folkways and the characteristics of deconstructionism, internally mutual text, post phenomenon, undeterminability and externally exposure, destruction, poverty, decomposition and analysis, were identified. Second, the Orient is defined as the generic term referring to the entire Asian areas east of Turkey. Through the developmental process of oriental images, it was converted from the Oriental image, which mysteriously and romantically represents oriental elements, into the ethnic image that represents long time oriental traditions and indigenous culture together with the characteristics of the new paradigm. Third, the artistic characteristics of the Oriental costumes presented by Korea, China and Japan are expressed in developmental types, T-type plane structure, layered style, asymmetrical adjustment and easy silhouette, and they show indigenous characteristics of each country, for example, Chinese styles in dragon pattern, red and yellow, Japanese styles in flower design and achromatic color. Fourth, the Oriental Image, combined with the postmodernism and deconstructionism through the new paradigm, has two: one Oriental image highlights traditional elements by creating new Oriental image such as natural image, folk image, hybrid image and deconstruction image; and another is undetermined and vague by combining or decomposing Oriental or Western elements. It is expected that fashion designs that reflect these contexts of the times will contribute to the strengthening of international competitiveness.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2012

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome has received attention as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with particular importance attached to visceral fat accumulation, which is associated with lifestyle-related diseases and is strongly correlated with waist circumference. In this study, our aim is to propose waist circumference cut-off values that can be used as a marker for fatty liver based on a sample of workers receiving health checkups in Japan. Methods: This study was conducted in a total of 21,866 workers who underwent periodic health checkups between January 2007 and December 2007. The mean age of the subjects was 47.4 years for men (standard deviation [SD]: 8.0) and 44.7 years for women (SD: 6.9). Evaluation included abdominal ultrasound and measurement of waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Results: Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal waist circumference cut-off values were shown as 85.0 cm (sensitivity 0.72, specificity 0.69) for men and 80.0 cm (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.78) for women. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is the most efficient means of diagnosing fatty liver, but this examination seldom occurs because the test is not routinely performed at workers' health checkups. In people found to have a high risk of fatty liver, recommendations can be made for abdominal ultrasound based on the waist circumference cut-off values obtained in this study. That is, waist circumference can be used in high risk individuals as an effective marker for early detection of fatty liver.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.169-183
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• 2005

The present study purposed to identify differences and similarities in traditional residential space among Korea. China and Japan, which share similar social structure, and to make a comparative analysis on differences in traditional residential space according to family relation in the three countries. For these Purpose, this study selected residences, which are similar to one another in terns of time, class and economy and analyzed them using their floor plans and photographs. The results of this research are as follows. Knrea, China and Japan, all of which have family-centered social structure, separate their residential space from the external society and particularly women's space is placed inside men's space or in a secluded area. The most remarkable characteristic of residential space in Korea is the division of living spare between men and women. Space is allocated according to the hierarchical order of families. In this way, the position or order of family members is reflected in the use of space. Characteristically in China based on the large-family system each family is given a space for independent life. Particularly as the relation among brothers is emphasized, space is allocated equally to all brothers but the status of a space is determined by the order of the residents. Residential space in Japan is organized to emphasize the absolute authority and status of the head of the family. As the space is planned focused on the family head's daily life and guest reception, the relation among other family members is ignored. That is, Japanese residence is a social space for the family head's guest reception, Chinese residence is a family-centered space rather than a social space, and Korean residence accommodates both space for family life and social space.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1985

An investigation was conducted on Seoulites' meals outside home by age group and sex, and the resultant findings are as follows: 1. To effectively conduct this survey were taken 201 teen males, 242 teen females, 202 young males, 232 young females, 219 men and 195 women. 2. For the kinds of meals they have outside home, breakfast forms 0.7%, lunch 35.7%, supper 22.2%, and snacks 14.4%. 3. Men subjects "lunch out everyday" by 39.9%, young males by 30.7%, and young females by 29%. 4. The reason why they lunch out indicates "convenient" by 37.4%, "carrying a lunch box is inconvenient" by 21.2%, "hard to prepare the lunch box" by 12.9%. 5. Regarding the favorite food taken for lunch, almost all the men prefer Korean food by 73.9% 6. Ra Myun and noodle occupy the highest Percentage of young females by 79.3% ; Chinese food the highest percentage of women by 27.7%, but the lowest percentage come from Japanese food by 1.1%. 7. The preference of kinds of food when having a meal outside home is ascribed to "prefer"by 50~75.7%, the highest percentage of all. 9. The price they pay for lunch outside home amounts to less than 900 wons in teens and young males 1, 000~2, 000 wons in men and women. The price of a meal outside home per capita a day, when taken by family unit, averages to 3, 694 wons. For the number of meals outside home, "more than once a month" forms 41.7%. 9. On the mooted points raised when having a meal outside home, "unsanitary' forms 36.7%, "expensive in prices" 26.1%, "lack of nutritution" 10.6%. 10. Teen males, when viewed from food preference for lunch outside home, take Ra Myun, Ddokbokki, Chinese noodle, while teen females, Ddokbokki, bread, Chinese noodle: young males, Sundubu Baekban, Bibim Bab, Ra Myun, Yokge Jang; young females, Sundubu Baekban, pork cutlet, Bibin Bab: men, Solnone Tang, Daenjang Chikae, Baekban, Kalbi Jongsik Bibim Bab : women, Bulkogi Jongsik, Neang Moyn, and Chinese noodle. 11. When seen from the nutrition of meals taken outside home, the prices of noodle and boiled rice range from 600 to 1, 000 wons, while their energy ranges from 407 to 745 kcal, Protein from 14.2 to 30.3g. On the other hand, the Price of western food averages to 1, 900~2, 500 wons, while its energy ranges from 1, 061 to 1, 129 kcal, proteio from 45.9 to 72.9g. It is revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.s revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2001

As the severity of environmental pollution increases, the foodstuffs are contaminated more the ever. There are 40 kinds of heavy metals that we are able to consume through the heavy metal contaminated-foodstuffs. Arsenic, lead, cadmium, and chromium out or them have been know to be a potential cause for a alzheimers disease, kidney diseases, and cancer. However, research data on the daily intakes of such heavy metals are limited. This study was performed to evaluate the daily intakes of nutrients and the dietary heavy metals of the college women living in Choongchung-NamDo Area, where had been reported to have high contents of heavy metals for the seafoods. We also investigated the blood levels of the heavy metals. The mean age, height, weight, BMI and percent ideal body weight(PIBW) of the subjects were 20$\pm$1.0yr, 158.4$\pm$0.7cm, 55.1$\pm$1.4kg, 22.4$\pm$.04, and 103.3$\pm$2.5 %, resp-ectivly. The mean of daily energy intake was 1,717.03$\pm$55.99kacl/day(86% of RDA for women). The ratio to energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein was 60: 24: 16. Daily intakes of Vit A, Vit B$_2$, CA, and Fe were under the RDA for those nutrients. The mean adequate ratio of the subjects was 0.92 . The daily intakes of heavy metal, such as As, Pb, Co, Cr and Mn , were 1.80$\pm$0.27mg, 75.21$\pm$4.12$\mu\textrm{g}$, 21.12$\pm$12.34$\mu\textrm{g}$, 60.07$\pm$6.24$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 6.23 $\pm$0.12mg respectively. the blood levels of As, Pb, Co, Cr and Mn were 16.10$\pm$2.10$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 4.32$\pm$0.58$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 0.02$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 4.23$\pm$0.41$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, and 4.40$\pm$0.21$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, respectively. In conclusion, daily intake of heavy metals for the college women living in Choongchung-NamDo area was lower than that of WHOs re-commendation, however, the blood levels of each heavy metals were higher than those of Japanese, american, and italian, There were no correlations between the dietary intakes and blood levels of each heavy metals. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1):48-53, 2001)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6571-6574
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• 2014

Background: Alcohol is well established as a risk factor for cancer development in many organ sites. To assess the reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) for detecting alcohol use disorders or risky drinking in Japanese adults the present study was conducted. Materials and Methods: A test-retest method was applied with a 2-week interval with 113 health care employees. The k coefficient, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined and the validity of the AUDIT-C was analyzed using the data from a nationwide survey on adult alcohol use conducted in 2008 (n=4,123). Results: The reliability of the AUDIT-C score was high (${\kappa}$ coefficient=0.63, Cronbach's alpha=0.98, correlation coefficient=0.95, and ICC=0.95). According to the likelihood ratio and Youden index, appropriate cutoffs for the AUDIT-C were ${\geq}5points$ in men and ${\geq}4$ points in women. The sensitivity and specificity of these cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}8$ points on the AUDIT were 0.88 and 0.80, respectively, for men (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]=4.5) and 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, for women (LR+=7.7). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}12$ points on the AUDIT were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, for men (LR+=5.8) and 0.93 and 0.94, respectively, for women (LR+=15.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}16$ points on the AUDIT were 0.93 and 0.80, respectively, for men (LR+=4.7) and 0.92 and 0.98, respectively, for women (LR+=55.6). With higher scores on the AUDIT, the specificity decreased and false-positives increased. The appropriate cutoffs for identifying risky drinking were the same for both genders. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the AUDIT-C are high, indicating that it is useful for identifying alcohol use disorders or risky drinking among the general population in Japan, a group at high risk of cancer development.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.7-50
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• 2016

자본주의화된 식민지 조선에서 기생은 위기감 속에서 경제적 구원자가 될 남성에 의존해서 사는 처지였지만 다른 한편으로는 근대와 자본주의가 부여한 변신의 기회를 갖기도 했다. 사회주의자 정칠성도 정치적 각성을 통해 그러한 변신의 기회를 활용한 사람 중 하나였다. 정칠성의 정치적 각성은 3.1운동이라는 역사적 계기와 십여 년 간 기생으로서 경험했던 개인의 노동 체험이라는 두 가지 요인이 작용한 결과이다. 3.1운동은 민족주의라는 외연을 띤 거대한 정치적 사건이었지만 정칠성이라는 한 여성의 개인적인 분노의 감정을 이끌어낸 계기이기도 했다. 또한 초기 자본주의 사회에서 직업을 가진 여성들은 직무 상의 역할 이외에도 순종적이면서도 아량이 넓어야 한다는 정서적인 역할을 강요받았다. 즉 초기 직업 여성들은 공적 영역에서 젠더 위계와 젠더 권력 속에 무방비로 노출됨으로써 분노와 수치, 모멸감 등의 감정을 겪어야 했고 이러한 감정들이 정칠성의 사례에서 나타나듯 어떤 정치적 각성에 이르게 함을 알 수 있다. 노동 경험과 감정의 문제를 매개로 한 정치적 각성은 정칠성으로 하여금 다른 여성 사회주의자들과는 달리, 여성의 경제적 독립이라는 이슈를 구체적이고 현실적으로 이해하게 만든 요인이었다. 그러나 사회주의 언어는 정칠성에게 자신의 체험을 설명할 수 있는, 당시로서는 상대적으로 가장 적절한 언어였지만 그녀의 체험은 엘리트 사회주의 언어로서는 설명될 수 없는 지점들을 갖고 있다. 따라서 그녀의 삶은 엘리트 중심의 사회주의 운동을 넘어서, 하층민 여성의 삶이 새로운 감성으로 분할되고 등재되어 정치적으로 가시화될 필요가 있음을 역설적으로 증명하고 있다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제40호
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• pp.37-69
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• 2020

이 연구는 한국 여성영화의 흐름을 통해, 그 특징과 미학 그리고 유사성과 차이점을 살피기 위해 구상된 연구이다. 이 연구를 시행하기 위해서 시대별 대표성을 간직한 네 편의 영화를 선택해야 했다. 일제 강점기에 제작된 영화 <미몽>, 1950년대 여성주의에 대한 논쟁을 대대적으로 촉발한 <자유부인>, 여성의 황폐해진 삶과 이율배반적 남성 시각을 결합한 1990년대 영화 <은마는 오지 않는다>, 그리고 한국 페미니즘 영화의 미래 전형을 제시한 <바람난 가족>이 그 대상 작품이다. 특히 이러한 작품들은 시대별 한국 영화의 전형성과 대표성을 담보하고 있다는 점에서 주목되는 대상작이 아닐 수 없다. 이를 바탕으로 이 작품들에 나타나는 두 개의 공통 모티프를 집중적으로 조명했다. 하나는 여성의 영어 된 처지를 상징적으로 보여주는 '새장' 모티프이고, 다른 하나는 여성들이 자신의 처지를 자각하고 현재 상황을 점검하는데 필요한 '거울' 모티프이다. 한국의 여성영화는 '새장'과 '거울'의 모티프를 일정 부분 공유하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 이러한 모티프의 연계를 통해 궁극적으로 겨냥했던 작가적 전언을 전달하는 데에도 주력해왔다.