• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1988

The influence of different suppository bases on the dissolution, and the bioavailability of aspirin suppositories in rabbits and humans was investigated using Witepsol H15 (WIT), WIT-Tween 80 (TWE), WIT-sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), hollow WIT (WIT-HOLL) and capsule incorporated into WIT (WIT-CAP). The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dissolution rates of aspirin suppositories with different bases in distilled water were faster in the order of WIT-TWE >WIT-SLS >PEG >WIT-HOLL >WIT >WIT-CAP. 2) The maximum blood levels $(C_{max})$ of aspirin in rabbits and humans were highest in WIT-TWE and WIT-SLS bases, but $C_{max}$ from WIT base was lower than that in oral administration of aspirin suspension. 3) The times reaching the maximum blood levels $(T_{max})$ in rabbits were 1 hr for oral administration, 1.5-2.5 hr for WIT-TWE, WIT-SLS, PEG, and WIT bases, and 2.5-4.0 hr for WIT-HOLL and WIT-CAP bases, but $T_{max}$ in humans were 1 hr for oral administration and WIT-TWE base, and 2-4 hr for WIT and WIT-HOLL bases. 4) Relative bioavailability (RBA) of aspirin suppositories in rabbits was higher in WIT-SLS, WIT-TWE and PEG bases than that in oral administration, and RBA of aspirin suppositories in humans was higher in the order of WIT-TWE >PEG >WIT-HOLL >oral >WIT bases tested. 5) Good correlation between dissolution rates and $C_{max}$ was obtained: y = 0.60x+32.23 (r = 0.96) for rabbits, and y = 0.60x+35.74 (r = 0.97) for humans.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

In recent years, frequent itemset mining for considering the importance of each item has been intensively studied as one of important issues in the data mining field. According to strategies utilizing the item importance, itemset mining approaches for discovering itemsets based on the item importance are classified as follows: weighted frequent itemset mining, frequent itemset mining using transactional weights, and utility itemset mining. In this paper, we perform empirical analysis with respect to frequent itemset mining algorithms based on transactional weights. The mining algorithms compute transactional weights by utilizing the weight for each item in large databases. In addition, these algorithms discover weighted frequent itemsets on the basis of the item frequency and weight of each transaction. Consequently, we can see the importance of a certain transaction through the database analysis because the weight for the transaction has higher value if it contains many items with high values. We not only analyze the advantages and disadvantages but also compare the performance of the most famous algorithms in the frequent itemset mining field based on the transactional weights. As a representative of the frequent itemset mining using transactional weights, WIS introduces the concept and strategies of transactional weights. In addition, there are various other state-of-the-art algorithms, WIT-FWIs, WIT-FWIs-MODIFY, and WIT-FWIs-DIFF, for extracting itemsets with the weight information. To efficiently conduct processes for mining weighted frequent itemsets, three algorithms use the special Lattice-like data structure, called WIT-tree. The algorithms do not need to an additional database scanning operation after the construction of WIT-tree is finished since each node of WIT-tree has item information such as item and transaction IDs. In particular, the traditional algorithms conduct a number of database scanning operations to mine weighted itemsets, whereas the algorithms based on WIT-tree solve the overhead problem that can occur in the mining processes by reading databases only one time. Additionally, the algorithms use the technique for generating each new itemset of length N+1 on the basis of two different itemsets of length N. To discover new weighted itemsets, WIT-FWIs performs the itemset combination processes by using the information of transactions that contain all the itemsets. WIT-FWIs-MODIFY has a unique feature decreasing operations for calculating the frequency of the new itemset. WIT-FWIs-DIFF utilizes a technique using the difference of two itemsets. To compare and analyze the performance of the algorithms in various environments, we use real datasets of two types (i.e., dense and sparse) in terms of the runtime and maximum memory usage. Moreover, a scalability test is conducted to evaluate the stability for each algorithm when the size of a database is changed. As a result, WIT-FWIs and WIT-FWIs-MODIFY show the best performance in the dense dataset, and in sparse dataset, WIT-FWI-DIFF has mining efficiency better than the other algorithms. Compared to the algorithms using WIT-tree, WIS based on the Apriori technique has the worst efficiency because it requires a large number of computations more than the others on average.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.58-72
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate determinants of intent to use a wireless information technology(WIT) of University Hospital Nurses. The independent variables used in the study are usefulness, compatibility, social environment, perceived readiness, technical readiness, organizational readiness and socio-demographic characteristics. The dependent variable is the intent to use a wireless information technology(WIT). The sample used in this study consisted of 297 nurses selected from a university hospital located in Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that 5 independent variables of usefulness, compatibility, perceived readiness, technical readiness, and organizational readiness were found to have significant effects on the nurses' intent to use a WIT. As a conclusion, it is important to make organizational, clinical, and technical environment WIT-friendly prior to applying WIT to hospital nurses. In addition, it is also important to provide an education and training for nurses to improve their skill of using WIT and to make the new WIT compatible with the existing nursing information system.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.42
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• pp.117-150
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• 2015

English sijo is the sijo poems written in English. This paper considered English sijo especially in association with its wit. In English-speaking countries, wit has been often emphasized as one of the main characteristics of the sijo genre, and it is often found in many English sijo poems. As a critical term, wit indicates a kind of "concord of discord", which consists of dissimilar images, paradox, irony, etc. This paper investigated how English sijo embodied this kind of critical wit and created three kinds of delight; those are intelligent, sarcastic, and humorous one. First, I examined old Korean sijo poems and the wit embedded in them, and then I compared them to the case of English sijo. Sijo was received in English-speaking countries in the context of the literary genre tradition such as the epigram and the sonnet, and of the literary concepts such as irony and wit. In this context, sijo, which has a three-divided semantic structure and a twist in the last part, often containing irony and wit, could be received and composed without much difficulty in Englih-speaking countries. Many English sijo poems contain wit, and they make abundant delight, which is intelligent, sarcastic, or humorous. Wit is found in Korean old sijo too, but the wit that catches humorous moments variously in everyday lives, rather than show acid sarcasm or exaggerated comic scene, is a remarkable characteristic of the English sijo. English sijo presents the possibility of the sijo genre as the poetry of everyday life, which presents various aspects of daily lives in a warm and delightful perspective.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

Recently there has been increased interest in the use of iontophoresis for the transdermal delivery of drugs, both ionic and nonionic. The use of iontophoresis has been rare over the years due to the lack of domestic supplies of the instrument and the expensive iontophoresis instrument made by foreign country. The purpose of this study was to design a commercially available iontophoresis system (WIT- 1 ). The efficacy of WT- 1 system was well defined. In clinical trial, procaine iontophoresis produced local anesthesia of significantly longer duration than swabbing and placebo groups. The 4% procaine iontophoresis using WIT-1 significant difference in anesthetic duration between WIT- 1 system and IontopherTM PM system. The result of this study suggest that WIT-1 system can be used for the transdermal delivery of drugs in various clinical conditions.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.226-231
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• 1996

Recently Iontophoresis is tried to physical therapy field.. It is method for direct penetrate to skin with ionization pharmacon because it is decreased side effect of pharmacon treatment such as gastrophathy and aphylaris of disease-causing germs. We designed WIT-I that is trial manufacture for clinical experiment This system is has been elrectrical paramete with 0-140V out range, 1-7mA current 1-15mim time set. Invite experiment, WIT-I kept designed performance which is a constant current in variable load resistance such as skin and electrode contact. It is estimated to have a practical use for physical therapy by iontophcresis.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

A vibration monitoring system for a small size wind turbine (WIT) is established and operated. The monitoring system consists of monolithic integrated chip accelerometer for vibration monitoring, anemometers for wind data acquisition and auxiliary sensors for atmospheric data. Using the monitoring system, vibration response of a 6kW stand alone WIT generator is investigated. Acceleration data of the WIT tower under various operation condition is acquired in real time using LabVIEW and the data are remotely transferred from the test site to the laboratory in school by internet. Vibration response characteristics of the tower structure are diagnosed in the aspect of stability of W/T. Wind data and electrical power performance are also investigated with the stability problem.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.628-643
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• 2015

This study is to assist in developing creative designs based on the humor available in the fashion world of Moschino. For the research method, this writing examined literature on humor and Moschino's fashion world and analyzed Moschino's fashion collection, show window, Maison Moschino, and collaborative products to conduct an empirical analysis of humor shown to the fashion media. The research results are as follows. The humor in Moschino's fashion appeared in the form of surrealistic humor with the depaysement technique, deconstructive wit in clothing, such as distortion, change, or exaggeration, and textual humor, including brand symbols, logos, and graffiti. Collection pieces indicated the brand's confirmative identity based on humor with the surrealistic depaysement technique and deconstructive wit through irregular phenomena, such as change, distortion, exaggeration, and illusion in clothing form. Additionally, such attributes added to Moschino's wit and humor in decorative costume components as graphic images, graffiti, and brand symbols, including smile, love, and reversal. The show window display delivered surprises and smiles through the production of surrealistic space borrowed from various objects. In particular, performance with surrealistic images helped to show the characteristics of parodic humor. Maison Moschino was a surrealistic space for the concept of the fairy tale and for practical experience, thus working as a communication channel for humor and emotion. Collaborative products also clearly reflected the identity of the designer's own humor, which showed scarcity value as well as differentiation.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-60
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• 2005

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-47
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• 1987