• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.345-356
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce the linear regression model taking the parametric spatial association structure into account and employ it to five-year averaged wind speed data measured at 460 meteorological monitoring stations in South Korea. From the prediction map obtained by the model with spatial association parameters, we can see that inland area has smaller wind speed than coastal regions. When comparing the spatial linear regression model with classical one by using one-leave-out cross-validation, the former outperforms the latter in terms of similarity between the observations and the corresponding predictions and coverage rate of 95% prediction intervals.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2016

In the numerical weather model, surface properties can be defined by various parameters such as terrain height, landuse, surface albedo, soil moisture, surface emissivity, roughness length and so on. And these parameters need to be improved in the Seoul metropolitan area that established high-rise and complex buildings by urbanization at a recent time. The surface roughness length map is developed from digital elevation model (DEM) and it is implemented to the high-resolution numerical weather (WISE-WRF) model. Simulated results from WISE-WRF model are analyzed the relationship between meteorological variables to changes in the surface roughness length. Friction speed and wind speed are improved with various surface roughness in urban, these variables affected to temperature and relative humidity and hence the surface roughness length will affect to the precipitation and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height. When surface variables by the WISE-WRF model are validated with Automatic Weather System (AWS) observations, NEW experiment is able to simulate more accurate than ORG experiment in temperature and wind speed. Especially, wind speed is overestimated over $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ on some AWS stations in Seoul and surrounding area but it improved with positive correlation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) below $2.5m\;s^{-1}$ in whole area. There are close relationship between surface roughness length and wind speed, and the change of surface variables lead to the change of location and duration of precipitation. As a result, the accuracy of WISE-WRF model is improved with the new surface roughness length retrieved from DEM, and its surface roughness length is important role in the high-resolution WISE-WRF model. By the way, the result in this study need various validation from retrieved the surface roughness length to numerical weather model simulations with observation data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2022

In the worst case, a temporary ignition source (also known as transient combustibles) between two electrical panels can damage both panels. Mitigation strategies for electrical panel fires were previously developed using fire modeling and risk analysis. However, since they do not comply with deterministic fire protection requirements, it is necessary to analyze the boundary values at which combustibles may damage targets depending on various factors. In the present study, a sensitivity analysis of input variables related to the damage threshold of two electrical panels was performed for dimensionless geometry using a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). A new methodology using a damage evaluation map was developed to assess the damage of the electrical panel. The input variables were the distance between the electrical panels, the vertical height of the fuel, the size of the fire, the wind speed and the wind direction. The heat flux was determined to increase as the vertical distance between the fuel and the panel decreased, and the largest heat flux was predicted when the vertical separation distance divided by one half flame length was 0.3-0.5. As the distance between the panels increases, the heat flux decreases according to the power law, and damage can be avoided when the distance between the fuel and the panel is twice the length of the panel. When the wind direction is east and south, to avoid damage to the electrical panel the distance must be increased by 1.5 times compared to no wind. The present scale model can be applied to any configuration where combustibles are located between two electrical panels, and can provide useful guidance for the design of redundant electrical panels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 2012

In this research the 2009 spring occurred during forest fire ImSil and research destination GyeongJu has been selected. Research in the field of the target time exploratory Boundary Data through after air photos, satellite photos and topographic map by using the combustion area was calculated. 2009 March 1-forest fire occurs on the day of the weather information and weather changes wildfire in the check in any affected. Study research destination of combustion is ImSil 161 ha, GyeongJu 270.93 ha. The impact of the weather-temperature dry weather forest fires this favorable situation to occur and the wind directions and the spread of the mountain wind speed was less impact has no arguments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2023

This study was conducted to calculate the damage of Italian ryegrass (IRG) by abnormal climate using machine learning and present the damage through the map. The IRG data collected 1,384. The climate data was collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration Meteorological data open portal.The machine learning model called xDeepFM was used to detect IRG damage. The damage was calculated using climate data from the Automated Synoptic Observing System (95 sites) by machine learning. The calculation of damage was the difference between the Dry matter yield (DMY)_normal and DMY_abnormal. The normal climate was set as the 40-year of climate data according to the year of IRG data (1986~2020). The level of abnormal climate was set as a multiple of the standard deviation applying the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard. The DMY_normal was ranged from 5,678 to 15,188 kg/ha. The damage of IRG differed according to region and level of abnormal climate with abnormal temperature, precipitation, and wind speed from -1,380 to 1,176, -3 to 2,465, and -830 to 962 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum damage was 1,176 kg/ha when the abnormal temperature was -2 level (+1.04℃), 2,465 kg/ha when the abnormal precipitation was all level and 962 kg/ha when the abnormal wind speed was -2 level (+1.60 ㎧). The damage calculated through the WMO method was presented as an map using QGIS. There was some blank area because there was no climate data. In order to calculate the damage of blank area, it would be possible to use the automatic weather system (AWS), which provides data from more sites than the automated synoptic observing system (ASOS).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.545-554
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• 1998

The diurnal variation of O3 concentration shows two peaks, the first peak at noontime and the secondary peak at night. In order to show why the secondary peak, high nocturnal O3 concentration, occurs without sunlight which is a essential factor of a photochemical response, the O3 concentration, several weather elements and synoptic weather map were used for June∼September at 1995, 1996. The mean concentration of high nocturnal O3 concentration days is higher by 5.4 ppb than that of low nocturnal O3 concentration days. The nocturnal O3 concentration is higher than that of diurnal O3 concentration during high nocturnal O3 concentration days, at July, 1995 and June, 1996. The high nocturnal O3 concentration is related to low air pressure, high cloud cover and high wind speed. The correlation coefficient, r. between nocturnal O3 concentration and wind speed, pressure and cloud cover is 0.387, -0.218, and 0.194, respeftiviely. It is interesting that the O3 concentration increases at Pusan when the typhoon passes by. The same result showed at Taegu when the typhoon FAYE passed by. According to the analysis of nocturnal O3 concentration for June∼September at 1995 and 1996, it seems that the high nocturnal O3 concentration relates to the trough and cyclones passing by Pusan.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2015

Once the building is higher than certain size, the wind effect plays very important role in structure design. Moreover, this is more important in Korea because dangerous phenomena like typhoons are common. Rational wind resistant design is being magnified considering the global flow and climate changes. This research presented the estimation method of design wind load using spatial information analysis based on 1:5,000 digital map and performed comparative analysis with actual application cases. The wind velocity pressure exposure coefficient and topographic coefficient turned out to be more quantitative and rational when calculated through the proposed method. The time and cost are comparatively low when compared with traditional method which contribute to the economic and rational wind resistant design.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.393-403
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• 2022

Various studies suggest that the initial operating form of UAM, which is being presented as a solution to the urban traffic problem, will be similar to VTOL aircraft among current aircraft. In a form similar to determining the direction of the runway where fixed-wing aircraft take off and land, the vertiport where take-off and landing of VTOL aircraft takes place determines the flight direction of departure and arrival in consideration of the direction of the wind. Unlike areas where airports are generally built, in the case of downtown areas, it is expected that the characteristics of wind may continuously change depending on the environment of changing terrain or obstacles such as the construction of new buildings. In this study, long-term actual observation data for reviewing the take-off and landing directions at the city center where the location of the vertiport is expected are compared using a wind speed map, and the characteristics of the ground wind and the possibility of change in the direction of the predominant wind depending on the observation period and observation location confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2012

Climate analysis is important in urban planning for human comfort. Synoptic weather conditions can only resolve the 30% of local variance of wind conditions whereas 70% of the variance arise from local terrain, buildings, and other small scale thermal conditions. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) was developed to resolve such micro-scale climate. The Local-scale air temperature Deviation (LD) analysis map from CAS showed the co-existence of built-up and suburban areas in the study region (CR, Cold-air analysis Region) despite its small extent. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored in CR. Hourly observed cooling rate agreed well with LD. Cold air production, transportation, and stagnation was visualized by the observed Vertical Temperature Gradient (VTG) along the small stream in CR. VTG observed at the upper-most stream can be divided into two components: radiative cooling and cold air inflow from outside. Radiative cooling exists regardless of the wind speed whereas cold air inflow occurs only with calm wind. From the regression analyses based on the wind speed, the inflow portion was determined as 84% of radiative cooling. Climate analysis in the future will be able to characterize the changes in cold air by urban development plan to support the human comfort.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.311-318
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• 1997

On April 27,1993, a forest fire occurred in Morito-area, Manba-city, Gunma-prefecture Japan. Under the prevailing strong winds, the fire spread and extended to the largest scale ever in Gunma-prefecture. The author chartered a helicopter on May 5, one week after the fire was extinguished, and took aerial photos of tile damaged area, and investigated the condition. of the fire through field survey and data collection. The burnt area extended. over about 100 hectares, and the damage amounted to about 190 million yen (about two million dollar). The fire occurred at a steep mountainous area and under strong winds, therefore, md and topography strongly facilitated the spreading, It is the purpose of this paper to report a damage investigation of the fire and to develop the forecasting method of forest fires based on the topographical analysis and spreading speed of fire. In the first place, I analyze the topographical structure of the regions which became the bject of this study with some topographical factors, and construct a land form classification ap. Secondly, I decide the dangerous condition of each region in the land form classification map according to the direction of the wind and spreading speed of f'kre. In the present paper, I try to forecast forest fires in Morito area, and the basic results for the forecasting method of forest fires were obtained with the topographical classification system and spreading speed of fire.