• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 2013

Paedomorphosis is the retention of juvenile morphology at maturity and is important in generating evolutionary change in domestic species and species in the wild. This preliminary study compared morphological characteristics of seven domestic cat pure breeds and felid species from around the world. An original procedure based on elliptical Fourier (EF) methods was applied to head lateral views of specimens and were assessed in order to analyse head profile. For comparative purposes three domestic kittens of different ages and three species of genus Lynx were also used. EF descriptors, allowed for the quantification of the head profile. Using the Fourier transform, reconstruction of the mean head profile revealed that there was a general shape difference between wild cats, domestic cats and kittens. Results suggested that variability in head profile differentiate quite well between adult cats and kittens, but domestic and wild cats appeared grouped into a similar cluster. The similarity between breeds can thus be attributed more to the general head profile than to flatness, i.e. to the general conformation rather than facial profile. Therefore, no effect of paedomorphism on the studied breeds can be undertaken. The present approach opens interesting ethnological perspectives for the aloidic characterisation for domestic breeds.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2014

Yeasts were isolated from wild flowers of some islands and mountains such as Jeju-do, Ulleungdo, Yokjido, Seonyudo and Gyejoksan, Oseosan, Beakamsan and Deogyusan in Korea and were identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences for PCR-amplified D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA or internal transcribed pacer(ITS) 1 and 2 including 5.8S rDNA using BLAST. Seventy two yeast strains of two hundred eighty nine species were isolated from wild flowers in islands and mountains, Korea. Among them, Cryptococcus species were isolated the most dominantly, and Metschnikowia reukaufii were also isolated thirty species, 10.3% of total strains. Twenty-three species including Cryptococcus aureus were overlapped between yeast strains of the islands and mountains. Some physiological functionality of the culture broth and cell-free extracts from two hundred eighty nine yeast strains were determined. The supernatant of Candida sp. 78-J-2 showed antioxidant activity of 22.5%, and supernatant of Metschnilowia reukaufii SY44-6 showed anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 49.6% and whitening tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 38.4%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1977

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in three buffers was used to compare the electrophoretic patterns in three cherry species, wild Prunus subhirtella, cultivated P. yedoensis and P. donarium. Electrophoretic patterns of glutamate oxaloacetate, transaminase-2(GOT-2), malate dehydrogenase-2(MDH-2), and phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI) in three species showed strong evidence that P. yedoensis might be originated by hybridization between P. subhirtella and P. donarium.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2013

Several yeast colonies were isolated from wild flowers collected from East, West and South coast areas of Korea by plating of flower suspensions on the YPD plates containing antibiotics, streptomycin and ampicillin. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed for the amplification of D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA for those colonies. PCR-amplified nucleotide sequences were compared using BLAST for their identification. As results, 27 yeast strains belonged to 15 species were isolated from wild flowers collected at Donghae, where is located in eastern coast of Korea. Also, 34 strains belonged to 17 species were isolated from wild flowers of Daecheon, where is located in western coast of Korea. In addition, 22 strains belonged to 13 species were isolated from wild flowers collected at Wando, where is located in southern coast of Korea. Among those 45 species isolated from 3 different collection sites, only 4 species including Cryptococcus laurentii, Metschnikowia koreensis, Pseudozyma rugulosa, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa were found from all 3 different collection sites. And 5 species including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus flavus, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia guilliermondii, and Rhodosporidium fluviale were overlapped from the at least 2 different collection sites. Other 23 species were found only in a specific collection sites implying that each area has distinctive yeast flora.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

The impact of Korea's joining the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals(CMS) was analyzed to examine its merits and faults as well as to discuss Korea's opportunities. Results of the analysis based on the agenda and decisions of the Conferences of the Parties, the parties performance, and other committees meetings over the last decades indicated that the affiliation of Korea into the CMS could provide various advantages and opportunities for Korea. First, Korea could upgrade its conservation activities regarding migratory species to the global aspects. Second, Korea could take initiatives for conservation of the migratory species in the Far East Asia. Third, Korea would have a better system in forecasting and problem-solving against the epidermic Avian Influenza through systematic cooperation with the CMS parties and other related international regimes. Finally, Korea will be in a better position to generate statistical data and to develop techniques to reduce the by-catches of the sharks and whales. Korea has already provided a fair and protective institutions for most of the migratory endangered species listed under Appendix I and II of the CMS. This implies that Korea may not require additional major changes to the basic acts and/or legislation. Joining the CMS may negatively impact on the fisheries and related businesses related to whales and sharks around the Ulsan and Pohang provinces. However, the obligation to protect whales and sharks demanded by the CMS is regarded as an acceptable article in Korea according to the analysis of the existing policies and scientific aspects. Nevertheless, if the joining the CMS should generate irreversible hardship for local people's livelihood and cultural aspects, Korea may ask for reservations on particular activities. Overall, we suggest that by joining the CMS, Korea could see various advantages and promotion in national policy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the community planting method through analyzing the plant community structure of three green space types and the relationship of vegetation and wild bird inhabitation of urban environmental forest in Seoul, Korea. The results from this study showed that the vegetation stratification, coverage, and species diversity were closely related to the wild bird inhabitation. In addition, the environmental forest in study site was analyzed as a negative factor that may decrease the biodiversity. Therefore the ecological structure and environmental condition must be considered in order to improve the quality of environmental forest. Based on results in three green space types, the planting species, density and species size for proper community planting were proposed in this study. The ecological niche relationships among sixteen selected species were also presented. The results will be provided as an valueable output for the completed community planting of urban green space in the central region, Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.480-484
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• 2010

AfsR2 is a global regulatory protein that stimulates antibiotic biosynthesis in both Streptomyces lividans and S. coelicolor. Previously, various afsR2-dependent genes including a putative abaA-like regulatory gene, SCO4677, were identified through comparative DNA microarray analysis. To further identify the putative SCO4677-dependent proteins, the comparative proteomics-driven approach was applied to the SCO4677-overexpressing strains of S. lividans and S. coelicolor along with the wild-type strains. The 2D gel electrophoresis gave approximately 277 protein spots for S. lividans and 207 protein spots for S. coelicolor, showing different protein expression patterns between the SCO4677-overexpressing strains and the wild-type strains. Further MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that only 18 proteins exhibited similar expression patterns in both S. lividans and S. coelicolor, suggesting that the SCO4677 could encode an abaA-like regulator that controls a few cross-species common proteins as well as many species-specific proteins in Streptomyces species.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effect using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results: 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 2. ORAC of 2, 10, and $20{\mu}g$ extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 3. Total phenolic content of 0.375, 0.938, and 1.875 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 4. DPPH(1, 1 -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity between wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng did not differ significantly (p>0.05). 5. Induced lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS concentration in solution containing rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of $FeSO_4$/ascorbic acid was inhibited as amounts of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased. TBARS concentration of ginseng extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wild ginseng or cultivated wild ginseng extracts. 6. DCF fluorescence intensity was decreased as concentrations of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that cultivated wild ginseng extracts had similar antioxidant activities to wild ginseng extracts and greater that of cultivated ginseng extracts.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2019

While research findings suggest that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is the leading cause of economic loss in Korean poultry industry with an estimated cumulative impact of $909 million since 2003, identifying the environmental and anthropogenic risk factors involved remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to identify areas at high risk for potential HPAI outbreaks according to the likelihood of HPAI virus detection in wild birds. This study integrates spatial information regarding HPAI surveillance with relevant demographic and environmental factors collected between 2003 and 2018. The Maximum Entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling with presence-only data was used to model the spatial risk of HPAI virus. We used historical data on HPAI occurrence in wild birds during the period 2003-2018, collected by the National Quarantine Inspection Agency of Korea. The database contains a total of 1,065 HPAI cases (farms) tied to 168 unique locations for wild birds. Among the environmental variables, the most effective predictors of the potential distribution of HPAI in wild birds were (in order of importance) altitude, number of HPAI outbreaks at farm-level, daily amount of manure processed and number of wild birds migrated into Korea. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 10 Maxent replicate runs of the model with twelve variables was 0.855 with a standard deviation of 0.012 which indicates that the model performance was excellent. Results revealed that geographic area at risk of HPAI is heterogeneously distributed throughout the country with higher likelihood in the west and coastal areas. The results may help biosecurity authority to design risk-based surveillance and implementation of control interventions optimized for the areas at highest risk of HPAI outbreak potentials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare seed viability among 42 species after ten years of storage in the midterm storage complex ($4^{\circ}C$, 30-40% RH) at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) Korean genebank maintained by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea and to suggest the relative seed longevity and suitable monitoring intervals. The germination data from initial tests and after ten years of storage were compared to measure changes in viability during storage. The decline in seed viability varied greatly among seeds from -11.5% for Triticum sp. to 80% for melon. Coriander, crowndaisy, safflower, cosmos, Chinesebellflower, waxgourd, melon, castorbean, Welch-onion, hollyhock, wild barley, and tallfescue showed significant decreases in viability of 34.2%, 73.4%, 36.5%, 30.0%, 40.2%, 71.3%, 80.0%, 65.9%, 45.5%, 51.4%, 53.0%, and 33.5%, respectively. Gardenpea, soybean, perilla, onion, wild rice, Italian-ryegrass, and pepper showed a 15-30% decline in viability, while the viability of morningglory, adzukibean, maize, and Capsicum sp. decreased by 15% to 5%. Chicory, radish, Chinese-cabbage, bottlegourd, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, Cucurbita sp., groundnut, kidneybean, clubwheat, sesame, wheat, Triticum sp., rice, barley, orchardgrass, buckwheat, and wild tomato showed changes in viability of <5%. The changes in storage viability also varied within families. The wild types of rice and barley showed rapid viability loss and presented different aspects from cultivars. Since seed viability of species, classified as index 1 or 2, showed germination losses >15% after ten years of storage, a viability test should be conducted with five year intervals, while species with germination loss of <15% (in index 3 or 4) can be retested at ten year intervals.