• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.1026-1034
• /
• 2000

As described here, most recently developed methods for improving reproduction performance of domesticated animals such as cattle, swine and chicken have been considered to be also usable for restoring some sorts of endangered and/or extinct wild animals in the very near future. Especially, the techniques for in vitro storage of gametes obtained from dead animals shortly after the death, probably 24 h following the sacrifice are also available for obtaining some of experimental specimens. In case of the endangered animals, nobody will be allowed to use any tissues from the living animals, therefore, e.g., the use of skin tissues from these bodies is another possibility of restoring the living animals. Regarding the use of skin tissues, the most highly usable tools must be the cloning techniques for reviving rare cells from the living body. Most possible techniques for cloning cells is nuclear transfer from rare species to highly relative species, and this is the case of germ cells, e.g., primordial germ cells (PGCs) of avian species. One of the possibilities is the nuclear transfer of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) to the PGCs of chicken, resulting in the PGCs with transferred nucleus from the ibis. In mammalian species, the same procedure as in the case of birds would be successful, e.g., the removed nucleus from Giant Pandas will be transferred to the cell, such as somatic cells or germ cells from black bears or lesser pandas, leading to the production of transnucleared cells in the body of female black bears. These two cases are most promising techniques for reviving endangered animals in the world, particularly in Asian countries, mainly in China. As a conclusion, possible production of cloned animals carrying transnucleared cells from endangered animals, such as Giant Pandas and Crested Ibis, may be reproduced gradually in the near future. Scientists are, therefore, required to convert the paradigm from domestic animals to wild animals, including endangered and/or extinct animals on the earth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2012

As people's interest about wildlife animal increases, more wildlife animal centers are developing. In South Korea, currently 120 mammal species live, and 22 of them are designated as endangered species. It is important to protect these natural treasures and endangered species, because they are being harmed by human industrial activity. For example, road expansion and poaching have led to the destruction of wildlife animal habitats, which is increasing year by year. Nevertheless, data regarding the systematic treatment of wild animals that are in distress is lacking, and it is a reality that analysis of such data is also lacking. The Kangwon Wildlife Rescue Center investigates these types of distress experienced by mammals. By analyzing the shape of the wild animals killed or injured, the center seeks an efficient and systematic way to manage such distress. The data collected from the Wildlife Animal Center from September 2007 to August 2010 includes 195 different cases, and the animals point of rescue. There are 16 species, including 87 water deer (Hydropotes inermis), 39 raccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides), 20 roe deer (Capreolus pygargus bedfordi), 10 goral (Nemorhaedus goral), 7 siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica), 6 otters (Lutra lutra) and etc. Within the first year (September 2007 to August 2008), the number of mammals rescued was 46. In the second year (September 2008 to August 2009), 60 animals were rescued. in the third year (September 2009 to August 2010), the Wildlife Animal Center had 89 animals. We can see that these numbers are increasing, which shows that people are interested in the well-being of these animals because they are reporting animal injuries more and more. The mains form of distress caused by humans are from car accidents 67 (34.4%). Traps, and other hunting tools used by poachers are responsible for 25 (13.0%). Also, human industrial activity thus indirectly led to the starvation 25 (13.0%). and the orphaning of young animals 37 (19.0%).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.319-324
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2013

In surveys of weed occurrence undertaken from 2006 to 2007, near to the Daegu experimental fields of the National Institute of Crop Science, plants belonging to 31 families, 74 genera and 96 species were found. For the investigation of the natural or alternative hosts of Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV), 495 plant samples belonging to 26 families 84 species were subjected to RT-PCR. SYMMV was detected only from legume plants such as Glycine soja, Vigna angularis var. nipponensis, Trifolium repens, and Lespedeza cuneata. Among legume plants tested, more than a third of G. soja (wild soybean) contained SYMMV, indicating that the wild soybean played an important role as a reservoir of SYMMV. Wild soybeans may be infected with SYMMV as early as mid-July. Considering the results of early infection and the high infection rate of seed and seed transmission of SYMMV in G. soja, wild soybeans may have played an important role in the completion of disease cycle of the virus.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to characterize the mycelial morphologies of Hericium erinaceus isolates, including 18 wild-type collections and cultivatable species 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2', in Korea. The morphological characteristics were used to classify the species based on aerial or branched mycelia and their brownish or whitish colors when grown on potato dextrose agar. Of the wild-type collections, the isolates KFRI 509, KFRI 1091, KFRI 1093, and KFRI 1623 showed faster mycelial growth than the cultivars 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2'. Moreover, 60% ethanol extracts of the fruiting body of the mushroom showed the highest phenol content and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of KFRI 507, KFRI 508, KFRI 842, and KFRI 1623 were 10-60% higher than those of 'Noru 1' and 'Noru 2', depending on the extract concentrations. Thus, results suggest that these wild-type collections could be useful for breeding genetic sources or processed food materials with high antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2024

The Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana), an endangered species, faces significant threats despite extensive conservation efforts aimed at their reintroduction and long-term survival in South Korea. Understanding the primary causes of mortality and identifying predominant pathological lesions are crucial for enhancing these efforts. This study aimed to investigate the causes of unexplained mortality in Oriental storks between 2019 and 2023 through comprehensive postmortem examinations. Twelve storks, including both wild and captive birds, classified as "unknown" deaths, were examined. The results revealed that parasitic infections, particularly in wild storks, were frequently observed (41.7%). Additionally, gastrointestinal obstruction due to the ingestion of foreign materials was identified in a wild stork, highlighting the impact of environmental pollution. Despite the prevalence of inflammatory lesions in liver (58.3%), no cases of hepatitis were confirmed, except for one case of liver rupture in a wild stork. Notably, three nestling death cases from a single litter of captive storks suggested potential parental infanticide or lack of parental care. The overall results highlight the importance of addressing parasitic infections and environmental risks to improve the survival of wild Oriental storks, and emphasize the need for effective management in breeding facilities. Continuous monitoring and pathological evaluations for mortality cases are essential for understanding disease trends and developing adaptive conservation strategies to ensure the long-term preservation of this endangered species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2021

Background: Sika deer, Cervus nippon, were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since begun to impact the native ecosystem and species endemic to South Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding of the environmental impact of non-native species and their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied the diel and seasonal activity patterns of non-native sika deer and quantified the temporal overlap with sympatric mammalian species in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands of Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Results: A total of 970 trap events were recorded for five mammalian species from nine locations during the camera-trap survey. Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) had the highest number of recorded events (72.0%), followed by sika deer (Cervus nippon) (16.2%), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (5.0%), Asian badger (Meles leucurus) (4.5%), and the Jeju weasel (Mustela sibirica quelpartis) (2.0%). Sika deer had bimodal activity patterns throughout the year, with peaks throughout the spring-autumn twilight, and day and night time throughout the winter. Relating the daily activity of sika deer with other mammalian species, roe deer expressed the highest degree of overlap (Δ₄ = 0.80) while the Asian badger demonstrated the lowest overlap (Δ₄ = 0.37). Conclusions: Our data show that sika deer are a crepuscular species with seasonal variations in daily activity patterns. Additionally, we identified the temporal differences in activity peaks between different mammals in the Muljangori-oreum wetlands and found higher degree of overlap between sika deer and roe deer during twilight hours.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2006

Viral and bacterial pathogens of the wild marine fishes were monitored in 176 wild fish and 15 wild shrimp from 13 and 1 species, respectively, which were captured by a trawl net in the southern sea of Korea during June 2006. Viral pathogens that are common etiologically agents to cultured fish in Korea were not isolated. One and 5 bacterial strains were affiliated to the genus Proteus and Pseudomonas, respectively, but these bacteria do not seem to be associated with mortality of aquacultural fish. An extended monitoring on wild marine fishes were necessary for identification of agents responsible for the cultured fish infections.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 1995

Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish: Brassicaceae), a herbaceous perennial, occurs only on beaches in East Asia. Genetic diversity and population structure of seven Korean populations were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Although the Korean populatins are small, isolated with patchy distribution, the population maintain a moderate level of genetic diversity; the mean percentage fo polymorphic loci was 51.4%, mean number of alleles per locus was 1.84, and mean expected heterozygosity was 0.116. A combination of animal-outcrossing breeding system, wide geographical distribution, restricted ecological distribution, and a propensity for high fecundity may in part be explanatory factors contributing the moderate level of genetic diversity within populations. An overall excess of homozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expetations (mean FISa=0.116) indicates that consanguineous mating occur within wild radish populations, leading to a family structure within a circumscribed area. Although population of wild radish experience a limited gene flow, only 5% of the total genetic variation found in Korean wild radish populations examined is due to differences among populations (mean GST=0.052). This value is considerably lower than the mean values of species with similar life history and ecological characteristics. However, significant differences were found in allele frequencies between populations for all polymorphic loci (P<0.01). It is supposed that directional selection toward genetic uniformity (similar gene frequencies) in a relatively homogenous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean wild radish populations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2006

The vascular plants of this site was listed 360 taxa; 86 families, 229 genera, 311 species, 42 varieties and 7 forms. Specific plant species by floral region were total 40 taxa; 2 taxa(Crypsinus hastatus, Prunus yedoensis) in class V, Patrinia rupestris in class IV, 6 taxa(Elymus mollis, Carex laticeps, Poncirus trifoliata, Melia azedarach var. japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Crepiastrum lanceolatum) in class III, Cirsium schantarense in class II, 30 taxa(Lygodium japonicum, Pteris multifida, Phacelurus latifolius, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Ficus erecta, Machilus thunbergii, Zanthoxylum planispinum, Euphorbia esula, Mallotus japonicus, Cayratia japonica, Camellia japonica, Glehnia littoralis, Lysimachia fortunei, Messerschmidia sibirica, Ixeris repens etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 34 genera, 41 species, 1 varieties, 42 taxa and naturalization rate was 20.3% of all 207 taxa vascular plants. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 2 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Phacelurus latifolius, Crypsinus hastatus and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 7 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Filipendula glaberrima, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Carpinus coreana. So, wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Solanum carolinense and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.