• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2020

Urban parks provide a variety of ecosystem services and are an important means of providing positive functions to urban ecosystems. Recently, various studies on wildlifes in urban parks have been conducted. However, there is a lack of research on habitat use in urban parks at important times such as before and after fledging in bird ecology. This study analyzed habitat use and home-range before and after fledging on Cheongsa park, a neighborhood park located in Cheonan city. An artificial nest was set up to check and capture great tit in fledging time. One female was captured and attached to the NTQB-2 (0.4g) radio transmitter, the location was tracked using SIKA Radio Tracking Receiver, hand-held three element Yagi antenna and GPS. Location information was recorded for 10 minutes for 3 hours each morning and afternoon for 12 days from May 17 to May 31, 2019. As a result, the home-range of the target species was 1.776 ha (MCP) and the core area was 499 ㎡ (KD 50%). The average daily home-range was 0.513 ha for the entire period, 0.688 ha before fledging, 0.339 ha after fledging based on MCP. The bird moved about 29.9 m on average and moved up to 131.7 m. For the most of the time, the great tit stayed inside the park, but the bird also used small green spaces such as street trees, tree flower beds, and green areas of unused lands. The results of this study could be applied to the study of habitat use and the greenery management policy of the urban park considering wild birds.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.112-116
• /
• 2018

Electrocution is one of the key components affecting the mortality of birds. Various electrocution-decreasing methods refer to two directions: safe perching with insulation versus perching restriction. In Yesan County, we have reintroduced 30 oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana) since 2015. Two female storks died due to electrocution while perching in a utility pole in 2016. To reduce such electrocution mortality in storks, a branch of Korea Electric Power Corporation partly installed insulators in 630 utility poles located in the major habitats of Yesan in 2016-2017. Simultaneously, we conducted an experiment to reduce the perching events using 8 captive storks and the two types of common utility poles along with/without the installation of bird-spikes and/or wires in Mar-Jun of 2017. Our results indicated the installation of additional wires alone exhibited a lack of reduction in perching, while those of bird-spikes or both significantly decreased their perching frequencies. Therefore, the present study highlights the installation of bird spikes on top of utility poles may elicit a better effect so that storks avoid perching in utility poles, presumably resulting in lowering potential electrocution in the wild.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.24.1-24.11
• /
• 2020

The pandemic of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in Asia has caused enormous economic loss in poultry industry and human health threat, especially clade 2.3.4.4 H5 and H7 subtypes in recent years. The endemic chicken H6 virus in Taiwan has also brought about human and dog infections. Since wild waterfowls is the major AIV reservoir, it is important to monitor the diversified subtypes in wildfowl flocks in early stage to prevent viral reassortment and transmission. To develop a more efficient and sensitive approach is a key issue in epidemic control. In this study, we integrate multiplex reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for high-throughput detection and differentiation of AIVs in wild waterfowls in Taiwan. Four viral genes were detected simultaneously, including nucleoprotein (NP) gene of all AIVs, hemagglutinin (HA) gene of clade 2.3.4.4 H5, H6 and H7 subtypes. The detection limit of the developed detection system could achieve as low as one copy number for each of the four viral gene targets. Sixty wild waterfowl field samples were tested and all of the four gene signals were unambiguously identified within 6 h, including the initial sample processing and the final CE data analysis. The results indicated that multiplex RT-RPA combined with CE was an excellent alternative for instant simultaneous AIV detection and subtype differentiation. The high efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed method could greatly assist in wild bird monitoring and epidemic control of poultry.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2013

A wild black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) with dehydration and a non-weight bearing lameness of the left leg was rescued. On physical examination, the left knee was displaced laterally at almost a $90^{\circ}$ angle with firm swelling and crepitus in the area of the coxofemoral joint. Radiographs confirmed cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation. A closed reduction attempt failed. The coxofemoral joint luxation was reduced surgically by placement of the femoral neck next to the pelvis with a suture. Ten days after surgery, radiographs and computed tomography showed the femoral neck and head were positioned well within the acetabulum. At 20 days, the bird was using the affected limb normally, and could hunt and forage for food in a rehabilitation housing unit with a small pond. The bird was successfully released into the wild. The placement of the femoral neck adjacent to the pelvis with a suture can be successfully performed for cases of avian coxofemoral joint luxation. Furthermore, this procedure can provide sufficient stabilization of the coxofemoral joint and acceptable limb function.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 2020

The epidemiological investigation of outbreak in korea confirmed that the inflow of avian influenza (AI) is related to the migration of migratory birds. In this study, avian repellents instrument were implemented and developed using the visual effects of lasers in accordance with the situation of small domestic fowl farms, and monitoring cameras were installed around each instrument to investigate the frequency of wild birds appearing and evaluate the performance of the instrument. Observation showed that the appreance ratio was reduced by 95%, and no significant reduction in the intrusion prevention effect by adaptation was observed on all fowl farms. In conclusion, it is expected that the outbreak of wild bird-borne infectious diseases such as avian influenza will be decreased if the device is installed on domestic fowl farms.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

Recent studies revealed that many animals identify individual humans. In this account, we review previous literatures on individual human recognition by wild or domestic animals and discuss the three hypotheses: "high cognitive abilities" hypothesis, "close human contact" and "pre-exposure to stimuli" hypothesis. The three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Close human contact hypothesis is an ultimate explanation for adaptive benefits whereas high cognitive abilities and pre-exposure to stimuli hypothesis are proximate explanations for mechanisms to perform such discriminatory behaviour. We report a case study of two bird species in a human-free habitat. Long-tailed skuas, which are known for having high cognitive abilities, exhibited the human discriminatory abilities whereas ruddy turnstones did not display such abilities toward approaching humans. This suggests that highly intelligent species may have this type of discriminatory ability so that they could learn to identify individual humans quickly by pre-exposure to stimuli, even in a human-free habitat. Here, we discuss that human recognition is more common in species with rapid learning ability and it could develop for a short period of time between an intelligent species and human.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2021

The report describes an avian mycobacteriosis in a captive wild bird. A 7-year-old female Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) maintained in a zoo of Korea presented a gradual cachexia and eventually was found dead. At necropsy, severely atrophied pectoral muscles exposing the keel bone were noticed. Yellowish thick nodules in varying sizes were scattered in all lobes of lungs, liver and spleen, suggesting mycobacteriosis. Histopathologically, multifocal to coalescing granulomas surrounded by multinucleated giant cells were observed. Numbers of acid-fast bacilli were revealed in granulomas. Then, a series of molecular diagnostic techniques were followed: a nested PCR, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. It resulted as Mycobacterium genavense. The identification of M. genavense as an etiological agent suggested that it might serve as a risk factor for other captive wild animals, and for a potential zoonotic risk since M. genavense have been a definite cause of disseminated mycobacterial infection in immunocompromised people. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of avian mycobacteriosis with M. genavense in a captive Indian peafowl.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.2 s.109
• /
• pp.16-31
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to design a bridge-type ecological corridor plan in a forested neighborhood park affected by road construction in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. In order to study the site conditions, we analyzed topography, ecosystem structure, and user behavior and trail use. Existing vegetation was classified into 12 types. Based on a vegetation analysis, the Populus albaglandulosa and Robinia pseudoacacia communities, where planted species are dominant, were distributed extensively in the southern forest area. Planted areas with a single-layer structure of Korean landscape woody plants and Robinia pseudoacacia communities with a single-layer structure were distributed extensively in the northern forest and water-supply area. Based on a study of 28 quadrats, the similarity index between the multi-layer plant communities distributed in the southern forest and the single-layer planted areas was low. Twenty-four species of wild birds(355 individuals) were found in the survey area, including nine interior species and three urban species. The study of user behavior and numbers showed most users were walkers and few users were observed in the southern forest while most users were observed in the northern forest and water supply area. We selected some wild birds as model species to represent migrating species believed to use this park as an ecological corridor during migration. We suggested the new park plan include the following: improvement of vegetation structure for wildbird migration and habitat, connection of park trails for users and presentation of a landscape linked to nature.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: Rice fields are one of the most important habitats for various bird species. The list of bird species occurred in rice fields in Korean peninsula have been documented. However, information of listed bird species is included not only rice fields but also other wetland habitats such as lakes, tidal flats and rivers. Therefore, the study was conducted to clarify the status of bird observed in rice fields of Korea.METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using rice fields defined as birds which forage or rest on rice paddies, levees, ditches and farming roads. Birds using rice fields recorded as total 124 species belonging to 40 families. Anatidae and Scolopacidae were the best represented family, followed by Ardeidae, Accipitridae, Motacillidae and Emberizidae; 50% of species belonged to these six families. 18 of 124 endangered wild species, which designated threatened at the national scale, found in this study regions.CONCLUSION: Despite interest in birds using rice fields of Korean peninsula, knowledge of birds and rice fields there is extremely limited. We need more studies to understand and conserve for birds in rice fields of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.235-238
• /
• 1992

The diseased Chuckar partridges that were raised at the wild bird-raising farms located in Ockchun, Chungbuk province, were submitted for diagnosis in the laboratory in July. 1990. The diseased partridges aged 3~4 weeks old were shown clinical signs such as anorexia, depression, white-colored or transparent-watery diarrhea and dropping of the head and wings. At necropsy, major gross lesions were found in the livers, ceca and lungs. Histopathologically, numerous histomonads were observed in the necrotic tissues of the livers and ceca. In the cecal specimens, it was found that the ameboid histomonads have flagellum and the size of 10~20 micrometer. The case was confirmed as histomoniasis due to the infection of Histomonas meleagridis.