• 수산경영론집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 1993

The law of territorial sea is a fundamental law by which the width of sovereign domain of a coastal state is determined. The P.R.China'a regime on the territorial sea was established through the Declaration on China's Ttrritorial Sea of 1958 and the P.R.China's Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Law of 1992. And the P.R.China's consistent policy on the territorial sea can be summarized as follows ; \circled1 The adoption of the straight baseline and 12 nautical miles of the territorial sea width, \circled2 The foreign merchant vessels can enjoy the right of innocent passage, while requesting for prior permission for the foreign military vessels on the entry into territorial sea. \circled3 The Chiungchow Strait and the Bohai Bay are claimed as the internal waters. \circled4 Enlistment of the whole coastal islands including the Taiwan. 12 nautical miles of the territorial sea width can be recognized as lawfull with respect to the 1982 UNLOS Convention. But the P.R.China's Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone Law of 1992 contains some problems on the legality viewed in the light of customary international law. Firstly, it can be said that the adoption of simple straight baseline is not reasonable, and it must be investigated closely on the hidden intention of China. Secondly, there involved some possibility of international dispute on making Tung Tao which is 69 nautical miles apart from the mainland of a basepoint and on making the Bohai Bay of a historic bay. And also public notification of all basepoints for the straight baselines is necessary to meet the requirement of customary international law, Thirdly, two military zones established unilaterally in 1950 are illegal with respect to the customary international law, and they must be repealed deservedly. Fourthly, there have a lot of restrictions on the innocent passage even for foreign merchant vessels by the municipal law such as the Maritime Traffic Safety Law. As a conclusion, the P.R.China's territorial sea regime contains some illegal elements such as unilateral expansion of the maritime sovereignty or jurisdiction. In order to meet the general principle of the international law, the P.R.China's territorial sea policy must be modified on the basis of multilateral agreement with the states concerned. And Korea, as a state with opposite, has a definite right to take countermeasure agaist the P.R.China's contiguous zone.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2004

Micro-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry(Micro-PIV) was used to measure the flow in a micro-branch(Micro-Bypass). In this paper, effects of particle lump at the tip of a Micro-branch and difficulties of Micro-PIV measurements for microfluidics with branch passage were described. Micro-bypass was composed of a straight channel(200(100)${\mu}$m width ${\times}$ 80${\mu}$m height) and two branches which has 100(50)${\mu}$m width ${\times}$ 80${\mu}$m height. One of branches was straight and the other was curved. Experiments were performed at three regions along streamwise direction(entrance, middle and exit of branch) and five planes along vertical direction (0, ${\pm}$10, ${\pm}$20 ${\mu}$m) for the range of Re=0.24, 1.2, 2.4. Numerical simulation was done to compare with the measurements and understand the effects of particle lump at the tip of branch. And another fluid(3% poly vinyl Alcohol aqueous solution) were adapted for this study, so there were no particle sticking. In this case, we could get velocity difference between straight and curved branches.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest the minimum distance needed between landscape trees and apartment buildings. in order for the trees to grow soundly and maintain constant growth. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the present conditions of the green-spaces contiguous to apartment buildings and the trees inside the apartment complex. The following general problems were identified : (1) the tree growth conditions, (2) the planting intervals, and (3) the planting methods in the apartment complexes. The method of this study was to survey areas, measure the trees and analyze the results. Ten apartment complexes located in Seoul were randomly selected for this study. To analyze the greens contiguous to the building of each apartment complex, the greens were divided into three types, including the front greens, the side greens, and the rear greens. The study surveyed the width of all contiguous greens and the distance from trees to my given building. Four representative sites were specifically investigated to measure the crown widths, heights, and diameters of the trees. These investigations were carried out over 3 months from August to December 2006. According to the results of the study, it was found that the greens are narrower in width and the more closer to a building. The study identified a correlation between the tree and the passage of time after the completion of construction of an apartment complex, showing that the malformation of the trees worsened as time passed. As a result of measuring the right crown and left crown width with the tree trunk as the center, a broad difference was found between coniform trees and trees that tend to branch out more. For example, the ratio of the width of the Acer palmatum is 1:6. However, the ratio of the Metasequoia glyptostroboide is 1:1.7. Based on the overall analysis, it was concluded that the maintained minimum width must be greater than one meter over the green space according to the 'Landscape Standard 2000'. However, that is only applicable to cases such as apartment buildings that present no obstacles. In conclusion having greens placed within one meter of width to a building is not an appropriate environment for the healthy growth of trees. To create sound green spaces, sustainable, long-term growth rate and size should be considered. It is necessary to prepare new standards for the computation of planting trees and the measurement of square landscapes. Wall greenery and shrubberies could be an alternative in the case of a narrow-width green space.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2012

직립 케이슨 방파제에 대한 기존의 성능설계법은 임의의 시간 동안의 평균활동량을 산정하지만 허용활동량을 최초로 초과하는 사건의 발생확률(최초통과확률)은 계산하지 못한다. 설계자는 구조물이 최초로 피해를 입을 확률에 대한 정보를 구조물의 설계 단계뿐 아니라 관리 및 운영에서도 필요로 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 케이슨 활동의 최초통과확률을 산정하기 위해 확률과정에 기반한 시간의존 신뢰성 설계법을 개발하였다. 방파제의 활동을 일으키는 폭풍파는 발생 시간과 강도의 임의성의 특징이 있기 때문에 Poisson spike process를 사용하여 케이슨 활동을 정식화할 수 있다. 여기서 방파제의 활동을 일으키는 폭풍파의 발생률은 활동량분포함수와 폭풍파의 평균발생률로 표현된다. 성능설계법으로 모의된 이들은 설계변수들의 다변량 회귀함수로 나타내진다. 결과적으로 활동량분포함수와 폭풍파의 평균발생률은 유의파고, 케이슨 폭, 수심의 함수로 표현되어 케이슨 활동에 대한 최초통과확률을 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2015

This study evaluated non-liturgical space of catholic churches based on the four principles of universal design; accessible design, supportive design, safety-oriented design, and adaptable design. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. Findings of this study are as follows: In terms of accessible design, valid width of entrance door to each room(more than 800mm), installation of elevator, height of riser in the stair, and width of step board were appropriate, but there were many spaces where door sils were not removed. In terms of supportive design, notice board at teacher's room and installation of storage closet, and width of passage to office(more than 1,200mm) were also appropriate, but storage closet at a meeting and prayer room, and space for storing flowers appeared inappropriate. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. In terms of safety-oriented design, installation of round-edged furniture, use of non-slip flooring material, installation of safety emergency bell at a restroom, and installation of wall handle were required. In terms of adaptable design, space for wheelchair users at each room, installation of the furniture that can adjust the height, installation of desk with different height at an office, installation of toilet and basin considering children were considered to be necessary.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

보도 폭은 보행자들의 쾌적한 통행 환경 조성에 중요한 요인 중 하나이다. 보도 폭을 결정하는 절차는 도로용량 편람에 제시된 서비스수준을 이용하여 정하는 방법이 제시되어 있다. 그러나 편람은 도시 가로상 보도와 지하철역내 보행자도로를 구분하지 않고 서비스수준을 제시하고 있어, 두 환경에서 보행자 이동 특성의 차이를 반영하기 어렵다. 지하철 역내 통로에서는 자동차 교통류와 유사하게 종방향으로 보행자 군을 형성하는 경우가 빈번하지만 도시 가로에서는 매우 드물게 관찰되는 특수한 상황이기 때문이다. 따라서 도시 가로상 보도의 고유 특성을 반영하기 위해서는 보도 서비스수준에 방법상의 변화가 필요하다. 본고는 새로운 보도 서비스수준 평가방안을 검토하고, 보도 폭 설계에 활용될 수 있는 근거를 마련하기 위해 옥외실험을 실시하였다. 특히 본 논문에서는 새로운 서비스수준 척도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 GPS를 이용하였고, 정량적 평가와 정성적인 평가결과를 비교적으로 분석하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

항만의 계획 및 개발단계에서 중요한 요소 중 하나는 항로의 설계이다. 항로를 설계할 때 가능한 한 굴곡부를 피해야 하지만, 그렇지 못할 경우에는 변침과정에서 추가적으로 발생하는 항과면적의 증가를 고려하여 항로의 폭을 확장하고 항로를 배치하는 것이 선박의 안전한 통항에 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 가변범퍼영역모델을 이용하여 굴곡부에서의 항로의 폭과 항로의 배치를 결정하는 기법을 다룬다. 모델실험결과 굴곡부 중심교각이 30도 미만인 경우 굴곡부 항로의 폭을 확장할 필요가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며, 굴곡부 중심교각이 60도 인 경우에는 대상선박이 길이와 굴곡부의 중심교각에 따라 항로의 폭을 확장해야 할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.226-230
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the living environment design of orphanage based on universal design. The 3 orphanages which were rebuilded recently was selected and evaluated by checklists. The checklists which are based on 'Universal Design Principles' are consist of 120 items. The major results are summarized as follows: 1) The items related to safety were insufficient such as separation of pedestrian passage, rounded edge. 2) The items related to accessibility were high grade such as width of corridor, curb height. 3) Private zones for sleep, study and storage are needed more and living room is needed more furnitures for activities to increase friendship in the family of orphanage. The results will be expected to make contributions to developing orphanage environment design based on universal design, to understanding the nature of universal design paradigm.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1990

Metal brackets were recycled by variable methods for economic reason. Such recycling methods had a great effect on bracket slot width and bonding strength. Therefore, the recycling methods that don't change the properties of original bracket were suggested. In this study, debonded brackets were recycled with 30 kinds of solvents and bracket surfaces were examined by S.E.M. (Super IIIA, ISI International Scientific Instruments, Japan) and Stero Microscope (Sz-Tr, Olympus Tokyo, Japan) methods. The following results were obtained. 1. Thermosetting resin adhesives (eq. $Monolok^{(R)}$, $Concise^{(R)}$) were swelled most in sulfuric acid (assays 95%) and slightly in alcohol groups. 2. The solvent was exchanged every 24 hours during the brackets were recycled with sulfuric acid (assays 95%). As the passage of time, the adhesives were removed more clearly, and after 72 hours adhesives were nearly detached from bracket base. 3. Chemical recycled metal bracket surface showed no irregular structure by S.E.M. method.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to survey and analyze convenience of the disabled people to use the facilities in accommodations. The data used in this research has been obtained in the southern sea of Korea. According to the survey, it was very difficult for the disabled people with a wheel chair to access to the room because of the staircase, doorsill and the narrowed passage. Also, there was no the grab bar, braille blocks and exclusive elevators for the disabled. Moreover, it was not easy for them to access to the bedroom since there was a doorsill and a serious height difference between the lobby and the bedroom. It was shown that the disabled People also have a difficulty in using the toilet and the bathroom, because the width of door and floor height was not suitable for the design criteria. In the toilet, there was no handle on a chamber pot for the disabled people to hold, and the space was not enough for them to access to the pot and turn with a wheel chair.