• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

This study was performed to understand the interaction between Ophiostomataceae and basidiomycetes fungi during cultures, and whether the basidiomycetes fungi inhibit the growth and decolorize dark pigments of blue staining fungi. The conjoint cultivation was studied on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolorize dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this study. More than half of basidial cultures were characterized by deadlock interaction with blue staining fungi. In the dual cultures, where basidial partners were presented by Agaricus bisporus(64), Laetiporus sulphureus(L01/89), Trametes versicolor(09) and unknown fungus(02), antagonism was found at the phase of primary contact of colonies. Replacement interaction resulted usually in decreasing dark colour of substrate was observed for 11 basidial cultures that were belonging mainly to white-rot fungi. Among them Abortiporus biennis(123), Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa (137), and Gleophyllum odoratum(124) were characterized by the absence of deadlock-phase: they began to grow over dark colonies of their partners just after primary contact. Basidiomycetes did not affect strongly the pigments of Ceratocystis spp. and Leptographium sibirica isolates, but completely decolorized colonies of Ophiostoma ips and to a smaller degree Ophiostoma minus. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124) and Trametes versicolor(B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark color of blue staining fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping of wood chips and bio-control of blue stain in woods.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.503-509
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• 2005

The production of manganese peroxidase (MnP) by Irpex lacteus, purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by acetone precipitation, HiPrep Q and HiPrep Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, was shown to correlate with the decolorization of textile industry wastewater. The MnP was purified 11.0-fold, with an overall yield of $24.3\%$. The molecular mass of the native enzyme, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, was about 53 kDa. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 53.2 and 38.3 kDa on SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, respectively, and an isoelectric point of about 3.7. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and between 30 and $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme efficiently catalyzed the decolorization of various artificial dyes and oxidized Mn (II) to Mn (III) in the presence of $H_2O_2$. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme exhibited maxima at 407, 500, and 640 nm. The amino acid sequence of the three tryptic peptides was analyzed by ESI Q- TOF MS/MS spectrometry, and showed low similarity to those of the extracellular peroxidases of other white-rot basidiomycetes.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

For decolorization of synthetic dyes, One fungus(HUE05-1) which was isolated from textile wastewater collected from industrial complex in Korea showed excellent ability of removing synthetic dyes. This fungus was identified as Basidiomycetes species by Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequence. Isolated fungi. HUE05-1 completely decolorized all dyes in both solid and liquid condition. The decolorization results were Reactive Orange-16, 97.12%; Reactive Blue-19, 92.09%; Reactive Blue-49, 97.04%; Reactive Yellow-145, 95.53%; Acid Orange-10, 99.18%; Acid Violet-43, 98.73%; Acid Blue-350, 94.71% and Disperse Blue-106, 90.07%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2008

Nine newly isolated mushroom strains were tested to assess both their zinc tolerance and potential for zinc removal from an aqueous solution. Four strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, namely Clavariadelphus truncatus (T 192), Rhizopogon roseolus (T 21), Lepista nuda (T 373), and Tricholoma equestre (T 174), along with five strains of white rot fungi, Lenzites betulina (S 2), Trametes hirsuta (T 587), Ganoderma spp. (T 99), Polyporus arcularius (T 438), and Ganoderma carnosum (M 88), were investigated using zinc-amended solid and liquid media. Their biosorption properties were also determined. The colony diameter and dry weight were used as tolerance indices for fungal growth. C. truncatus and T. equestre were not strongly inhibited at the highest concentrations of (225 mg/l) zinc in solid media. The most tolerant four strains with solid media, C. truncatus, G carnosum, T. hirsuta, and T. equestre, were then chosen for tolerance tests in liquid media. An ectomycorrhizal strain, C. truncatus, was also detected as the most tolerant strain in liquid media. However, the metal-tolerant strains demonstrated weak activity in the biosorption studies. In contrast, the highest biosorption activity was presented by a more sensitive strain, G. carnosum. In addition, seven different biosorbent types from G. carnosum (M 88) were compared for their Zn (II) biosorption in batch experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

As the biodegradation of wood constituents has been understood as a multi-basidiomycetes and enzymatic processes, this review will focus on the roles of low molecular compounds and radicals working in harmony with fungal enzymes. Wood rotting basidiomycete fungi penetrate wood, and lead to more easily metabolize carbohydrates of the wood complex. The white-rot fungi, having versatile enzymes, are able to attack directly the "lignin barrier". They also use a multi-enzyme system including so-called "feedback" type enzymes allowing for simultaneous degradation of lignin and carbohydrates. The multi-enzymes including laccase support the proposed route by explaining how the high molecular weight enzymes can function in the wood complex. These enzymes may function separately or cooperate each other. In addition, veratryl alcohol oxidase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, arylalcohol dehydrogenase, and particularly low molecular mediators and radicals have an important role in wood biodegradation. However, the possibility of other mechanism as well as other enzymes, as operating as feedback systems in the process of wood degradation, could not be excluded.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1997

목재를 분해시키는 담자균류들은 목재 및 목질복합체에 쉽사리 침투하여 복잡한 리그노셀룰로오스 복합체를 분해시킨다. 이러한 분해에는 많은 효소시스템들이 복합적으로 작용하면서 상호 협동하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 지금까지 일려진 효소들은 통상 3개의 그룹으로 나눌 수 있는데 그 하나는 목재성분을 직접적으로 공격하는 효소균들, 예를 들면 cellulase complex, laccase(LAC), lignin peroxidase(LIP), horse-radish peroxidase(HRP), manganese-independent peroxidase(MIP) 및 protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase(PCD) 등이 있고, 두번째 그룹으로서 manganese-dependent peroxidase(MnP), aryl alcohol oxidase(AAO) 및 glyoxal oxidase(GLO) 등인데, 이들 효소들은 목질을 직접적으로 공격하지 않고 제1그룹의 효소들과 협동하여 작용하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 제3그룹의 효소들은 glucose oxidase(GOD) 및 cellobiose : quinone oxidoreductase(CBQ)로서 feedback type의 효소들로서 목재고분자의 분해시 대사의 고리를 결합시켜 주는 매우 중요한 기능을 하는 효소군들이다. 그러나 이 이외에도 다른 분해기구가 밝혀지고 있으며 기타 효소들에 의한 리그노셀룰로오스의 분해반응기구의 해명에는 상당한 시간이 걸릴 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Interaction between wood-destroying basidiomycetes and blue stain fungi were studied during conjoint cultivation on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolourise dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this investigation. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124), Trametes versicolor (B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark colour of blue stain fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping and control of blue stain fungi in wood chips.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

White-rot basidiomycetes are the organisms that decompose lignin most efficiently, and Trametes villosa is a promising species for ligninolytic enzyme production. There are several publications on T. villosa applications for lignin degradation regarding the expression and secretion of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) but no reports on the identification and characterization of lignin peroxidase (LiP), a relevant enzyme for the efficient breakdown of lignin. The object of this study was to identify and partially characterize, for the first time, gDNA, mRNA, and the corresponding lignin peroxidase (TvLiP) protein from T. villosa strain CCMB561 from the Brazilian semiarid region. The presence of ligninolytic enzymes produced by this strain grown in inducer media was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by spectrophotometry, qPCR, and dye fading using Remazol Brilliant Blue R. The spectrophotometric analysis showed that LiP activity was higher than that of MnP. The greatest LiP expression as measured by qPCR occurred on the $7^{th}$ day, and the ABSA medium (agar, sugarcane bagasse, and ammonium sulfate) was the best that favored LiP expression. The amplification of the TvLiP gene median region covering approximately 50% of the T. versicolor LPGIV gene (87% identity); the presence of Trp199, Leu115, Asp193, Trp199, and Ala203 in the translated amplicon of the T. villosa mRNA; and the close phylogenetic relationship between TvLiP and T. versicolor LiP all indicate that the target enzyme is a lignin peroxidase. Therefore, T. villosa CCMB561 has great potential for use as a LiP, MnP, and Lac producer for industrial applications.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2004

Laccase는 여러개의 Cu를 포함하는 효소로서 분자상 산소를 환원시키면서 패놀성 및 비페놀성화합물의 산화를 촉매하는 작용을 한다. 이들 효소들은 미생물 고유의 혹은 유도상의 동위효소의 형태로 목질화된 세포벽을 침투하게 된다. 백색부후균은 많은 종류의 고유의 혹은 유도상의 동위효소를 생산한다. 이들 균체 laccase효소들은 통상 $Cu^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ $Ca^{2+}$, $Li^+$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ag^+$, $Hg^{2+}$, Mn 및 $Fe^{3+}$이온과 같은 금속이온들, 페놀성 화합물, ethanol, isopropanol, cAMP, caffeine, p-anisidine, viscosinamide 및 paraquat 등과 같은 유기화합물, 질소 및 열충격 등에 의하여 유도될 수 있다. Cu 및 pHB (p-hydroxybenzoic acid)의 조합으로 laccase 활성을 30배이상 유도시킬 수 있었다. 여러 가지 inducer 가운데, 2,5-xylidine이 담자균 및 기타 다른 고등균류로부터 160배이상의 가장 효과적인 laccase의 유도효과를 나타냈다. 한편 laccase효소는 Pycnoporus cinnabarinus의 gene family로부터 자주 code로 표시되었는데, lcc3-1 혹은 lac1 및 lac3-2의 페어 gene으로 클론 및 시퀀싱되었다. 유도형 laccase의 경우 mRNA의 합성에 의존하여 laccase가 생성되며, 이러한 유도효과는 결국 새로운 단백질의 합성으로부터 기인된다.