• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.100-121
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• 2023

This paper examines the interior settings of a chamber and of a temporary place of enshrinement at Yeonghuijeon (永禧殿, Hall of Eternal Happiness), the representative official portrait hall in which portraits of early and late Joseon kings were enshrined. Also, it discusses the features of the Five Peak screens used therein. The physical environment of a chamber at Yeonghuijeon mainly consisted of a four-panel folding screen with a painting of Five Peaks and a large wooden platform, which was adorned with dragon and lion patterns and attached to lotus-leaf column balustrades. The Five Peak screen was installed on a large platform in the shape of ⊓, spreading across the second and third panels on the back and folding out on the first and fourth panels on the right and left sides. When a portrait was enshrined in a temporary place, a simpler and smaller platform with railings was used. A four-panel folding screen of the Five Peak painting was installed in the same way as in a chamber, but was unfolded around a smaller platform behind it. A royal portrait was displayed in each chamber, whereas a case in which a portrait was rolled up was put on the smaller platform in a temporary place. The Five Peak screens for a chamber and a temporary place were all large four-panel folding screens with two wide panels in the middle and two narrow panels on each side, and only strips of silk were mounted on the four edges of the screens without additional wide lower-side mountings. While screens for the chamber used patterned silk for mounting and white paper for backing on screen frames, screens for the temporary place used plain silk and recycled failed test papers for mounting and backing, respectively. By examining records in the literature on the Five Peak screens for Yeonghuijeon, this paper highlights two Five Peak screens, both of which lost their provenance from the hall. The structures of the two screens reflected the way they were to be installed at the hall. Furthermore, this paper assumes that a Five Peak screen, which had been unfolded on the throne in the main hall of Changdeokgung Palace after the 1960s, was produced in 1858 for the purpose of temporarily enshrining King Sunjo's portrait due to the fact that failed test papers of the 1840s were laid taut over the frame.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.20-27
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• 2010

This paper proposes a saturation compensating method by embedding pseudo-random code information in wavelet packet based colorization algorithm. In the color-to-gray process, an input RGB image is converted into YCbCr images, and a 2-level wavelet packet transform is applied to the Y image. And then, color components of CbCr are embedded into two sub-bands including minimum amount of energy on the Y image. At this time, in order to compensate the color saturations of the recovered color image during the printing and scanning process, the maximum and minimum values of CbCr components of an original image are also embedded into the diagonal-diagonal sub-band by a form of pseudo-random code. This pseudo-random code has the maximum and minimum values of an original CbCr components, and is expressed by the number of white pixels. In the gray-to-color process, saturations of the recovered color image are compensated using the ratio of the original CbCr values to the extracted CbCr values. Through the experiments, we can confirm that the proposed method improves color saturations in the recovered color images by the comparison of color difference and PSNR values.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.513-527
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• 2000

This paper describes our experience to design and implementation of a collaborative system framework that allows to develop certain collaborative applications such as 3D animation, computer game, and industrial design. The collaborative system enables users, who located in geographically long distance, to do collaborative work in a single virtual space. The proposed system basically consists of client and server system. The goal of proposed system is to support scalability, portability, and platform independent. In order to achieve these, the server is implemented in Java platform and is adopted to the hybrid architecture which takes the advantages both in centralized and decentralized collaborative system. We construct the server base on its functional characteristics so called User Manager Server (UMS), Session Manager Server (SMS), and Information Server (IS), The UMS manages the users who are taking part in the collaborative operations. The SMS supports the conferencing in the proposed system. The IS provides the connection methods among the UMSs. For user's convenience, we implement the client using Visual C++ in Windows. We also expend the functions of 3D Studio Max to distributed environment by means of the plug-in module, and facilitate the chatting and white board functions as well.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2011

The legally protected trees distributed in Gwangju City is 68 individuals belong to 9 taxa. Among the legally protected trees recorded in environment white paper, Quercus dentata located in Gwangsan-gu Eunnam-dong Shinga village must come to correct Quercus liena, Populus nigra var. italica of Byeokjin village of Seo-gu Byeokjin-dong change to Salix glandulosa and Pinus densiflora of Sukjung-dong, Nam-gu should be alter into Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. IPCC make an estimate the mean temperature multiplies best $6.4^{\circ}C$ and sea level of 59 cm rises and is warning that the North-Pole glacier may have melted mostly and 95% of bio-species on earth may falls at extinction crisis on the late 21th century. If apply IPCC estimate result to evaluate climate change vulnerability through the legally protected trees of Gwangju City, it should be estimated that mean minimum temperature of the coldest month of Gwangju City in the late 21th century result in higher than $3^{\circ}C$ as mean minimum temperature, January in Cheju Island at present. Therefore, it is estimate that the legally protected trees of Cheju Island such as Pinus thunbergii, Celtis sinensis, Aphananthe aspera and a evergreen broadleaf trees will grow up well in Gwangju City area in the late 21th century. The other hand, P. densiflora for. multicaulis and zelkova serrata as the legally protected trees that appear together in Seoul and Gwangju will be estimate by something to expose show vulnerability in region of Gwangju City.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.65-84
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• 2006

In this paper, we present an improved image formation model and propose a color image enhancement based on the model. In the presented image formation model, an input image is represented as a product of global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. In the proposed color image enhancement, an input RGB color image is converted into an HSV color image. Under the assumption of white-light illumination, the H and S component images are remained as they are and the V component image only is enhanced based on the image formation model. The global illumination is estimated by applying a linear LPF with wide support region to the input V component image and the local illumination by applying a JND (just noticeable difference)-based nonlinear LPF with narrow support region to the processed image, where the estimated global illumination is eliminated from the input V component image. The reflectance is estimated by dividing the input V component image by the estimated global and local illuminations. After performing the gamma correction on the three estimated components, the output V component image is obtained from their product. Histogram modeling is next executed such that the final output V component image is obtained. Finally an output RGB color image is obtained from the H and S component images of the input color image and the final output V component image. Experimental results for the test image DB built with color images downloaded from NASA homepage and MPEG-7 CCD color images show that the proposed method gives output color images of very well-increased global and local contrast without halo effect and color shift.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.552-558
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• 2002

Recently, based on the human speech recognition (HSR) model of Fletcher, the multi-band speech recognition has been intensively studied by many researchers. As a new automatic speech recognition (ASR) technique, the multi-band speech recognition splits the frequency domain into several sub-bands and recognizes each sub-band independently. The likelihood scores of sub-bands are weighted according to reliabilities of sub-bands and re-combined to make a final decision. This approach is known to be robust under noisy environments. When the noise is stationary a sub-band SNR can be estimated using the noise information in non-speech interval. However, if the noise is non-stationary it is not feasible to obtain the sub-band SNR. This paper proposes the inverse sub-band distance (ISD) weighting, where a distance of each sub-band is calculated by a stochastic matching of input feature vectors and hidden Markov models. The inverse distance is used as a sub-band weight. Experiments on 1500∼1800㎐ band-limited white noise and classical guitar sound revealed that the proposed method could represent the sub-band reliability effectively and improve the performance under both stationary and non-stationary band-limited noise environments.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-102
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• 2008

In the book of , it is recorded that the names of ingressive stone stairs to the main shrine were Cheongwoongyo(blue cloud bridge) and Baekwoongyo(white cloud bridge) and the names of stairs to the paradise hall were Yeonwhagyo(lotus bridge) and Chilbogyo(seven treasure bridge). But, the ingressive stone stairs to the main shrine and the paradise hall are single consecutive stairs with 2 levels respectively. Because of this, it is rather hard to clearly designate the names to the upper level and the lower level stairs. But, of the stairs to the Paradise hall, the lower stairs have a carving of lotus, and the upper stairs have seven stairs. In this aspect of artifacts, we can safely assume that the upper stairs are Chilbogyo and the lower are Yeonwhagyo. But, for the ingressive stairs to the main shrine, there is no such artificial hint. So, it is difficult to designate the upper and the lower stairs for the two bridges. Especially, it is not clear whether the descriptive order of "lower stairs upper stairs" in the names of Yeonwhagyo and Chilbogyo can be applied to the names of stairs to the main shrine. It is because the general descriptive order is "upper lower" rather than "lower upper." Even though there have been many studies on the Bulguksa temple, the study on the ingressive stone stairs to the main shrine has not made till now. Therefore, the study on the position of Cheongwoongyo and Baekwoongyo stairs can have its validity. In this paper, the positional approach to Cheongwoongyo and Baekwoongyo has been made in following aspects: First, the temple structure of Bulguksa; Second, the five element theory of oriental philosophy and the Book of Changes; Third, the directional consciousness of Buddhism. Through the aspects, the validity of up-down position of Cheongwoongyo and Baekwoongyo has been sought. In this research, it can be concluded that the upper level of ingressive stone stairs to the main shrine of Bulguksa is Cheongwoongyo and the lower level is Baekwoongyo. When considered in the Buddhist directional consciousness, it forms the total structure of "East-Cheongwoongyo South- Baekwoongyo West-Yeonwhagyo North-Chilbogyo."

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

A plate-type inorganic pigment complex was manufactured in a manner that treats the surface of the complex by adjusting zeta potential between talc, an inorganic pigment used as a material for color cosmetics, and hydrophobic silica. Talc, which is usually used in the prescription of color cosmetics, is a plate-type, white-colored inorganic substance with good application and spreadability to skin. Furthermore, it features excellent dispersibility and extensibility as well as outstanding heat tolerance, light stability, and chemical resistance. In general, silica contributes to durable makeup and stabilized formulation. This paper covers a process of manufacturing an inorganic pigment complex, where hydrophobic silica was applied to the surface of talc by using differences in zeta potential after the surface charges of talc and hydrophobic silica had been adjusted with cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively. The resulting inorganic pigment complex was composed of talc whose surface is coated hydrophobic silica to the thickness of $1{\mu}m$ or less, which developed an effective hydrophobic property. Zeta potential was measured to analyze the surface charge of an inorganic pigment, and FT-IR, used to check the functional group of a surfactant, was applied to treat the surface of the pigment. The surface of the inorganic pigment complex was observed employing SEM, EDS, and FIB, while its structure was confirmed with XRD and FT-IR.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 1985

The effects of sulfadimethoxine administration on the residues in tissues and eggs were examined in Laying Hens. Sulfadimethoxine was administered orally to White Leghorns at a excessive dose level (300 mg/kg/day), therapeutic dose level (150mg/kg/day) and prophylactic dose level (50mg/kg/day). Sulfonamide residues were measured in blood, tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, lung and bile) and eggs (egg whites and egg yalks) with paper disc methods. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Bacillus subtilis was very susceptible to sulfonamide, and detectable to the level of 0.5 ppm. 2. In blood serum levels, it was detectable until 48 hours post-treatment in once administration of therapeutic dose level, and also detectable until 60 hours post-treatment in all groups of three times administration with excessive, therapeutic and prophylactic doses. 3. As for the tissues residues, sulfonamides were detectable until 5 days post-treatment in muscle, liver, kidney, lung and bile of all groups, but were not detectable except bile on 10 days of post-treatment. 4. Sulfonamide residues in egg whites of all groups were detectable until 5 days, but in egg of all groups were not detectable but trace amounts at 5 days post-treatment. 5. The presence or absence of sulfonamide in bile may be standard to judge the edibility of organ tissues and eggs.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

EEG signals that are the same as those that have the same disabled people. So, the EEG signals are becoming the next generation. In this paper, we propose an internet of things system that controls the indoor environment using EEG signal. The proposed system consists EEG measurement device, EEG simulation software and indoor environment control device. We use data as EEG signal data on emotional imagination condition in a comfortable state and logical imagination condition in concentrated state. The noise of measured signal is removed by the ICA algorithm and beta waves are extracted from it. then, it goes through learning and test process using SVM. The subjects were trained to improve the EEG signal accuracy through the EEG simulation software and the average accuracy were 87.69%. The EEG signal from the EEG measurement device is transmitted to the EEG simulation software through the serial communication. then the control command is generated by classifying emotional imagination condition and logical imagination condition. The generated control command is transmitted to the indoor environment control device through the Zigbee communication. In case of the emotional imagination condition, the soft lighting and classical music are outputted. In the logical imagination condition, the learning white noise and bright lighting are outputted. The proposed system can be applied to software and device control based BCI.