• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2017

Wheat wild relatives that have never been domesticated contained useful genetic resources such as the resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Leymus racemosus is one of the wild species. It can grow in a harsh environment like seaside and distribute by healthy rhizomes. Also, it has a useful genetic resource such as salt tolerance and different diseases resistance. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring; CS) was crossed with L. racemosus. Wheat-L. racemosus disomic addition lines were produced. The purpose of this study is to identify protein expression in each disomic addition line compared to CS. We performed two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two-dimensional gels stained with coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), a total of 1566 differentially expressed proteins were identified by Progenesis Same Spots software from the cultivars. However, a total of 90 protein spots were identified to be either present or absent or showing significantly differential expression when the difference threshold was set to more than 1.5 fold. However, out of the 90 differentially protein spots, a total of 74 spots were sorted for mass spectrometry analysis. The identified proteins may provide important clues for better understanding the molecular changes in the chromosomes carrying Leymus racemosus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.845-851
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• 2006

Spent compost wheat straw is an available by-product from edible mushroom production, which constitutes a potential pollutant and is cost effective for disposal. This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value as ruminant feed of spent wheat straw compost from Agaricus bisporus mushroom production. The compost was provided from a mushroom farm, the casing soil was removed from the whole compost, and then it was sun dried and sampled for chemical analysis. An experiment was conducted, in which four wheat straw-based diets comprising control (I), 10% spent straw (II), 20% spent straw (III) and 30% spent straw (IV) were tested in a cross-over design using 8 sheep. Dry matter intake (DMI) was 74.0, 73.8, 70.2 and 57.1 and organic matter intake (OMI) was 62.7, 63.4, 58.0 and 44.4 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ for diets I, II, III and IV, respectively, which, were significantly (p<0.05) lower for diet IV. Digestible OMI was respectively 33.1, 32.6, 30.6 and, 20.2 g per kg $BW^{0.75}$ on the four diets which were significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments. Inclusion of spent compost straw up to 20% of the diet did not affect the digestibility of DM, OM, CF, ADF and NDF, but the diet containing 30% compost straw had statistically (p<0.05) lower digestibilities. Nitrogen balance was also significantly (p<0.05) different between the treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2022

This study is to develop new wheat breeding material through wide hybridization with wild species harboring useful characteristics such as salt, heat, and drought tolerance. Leymus mollis, wild rye was used to improve wheat genetic quality. L. mollis, is a perennial plant harboring tolerance against salt, heat, and drought because L. mollis distributes on the seaside. The F₁ hybrids were produced by crossing between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Chinese Spring) and L. mollis. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that the F₁ hybrids have L. mollis genome. For the evaluation of salt and drought tolerance, seeds from the F₂ were used. Under 2% NaCl solution, the F₃ wheat-Leymus addition plants with salt tolerance showed more tillering and longer roots than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Also, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance showed better shallow-rooted than other F₃ plants without salt tolerance. Finally, the F₃ plants with salt tolerance made seed-setting under 2% NaCl condition, but other F₃ plants without salt tolerance were not. Under drought conditions, the F₃ plants with drought tolerance showed longer culm and spike length than other F₃ plants without drought tolerance and even those of Chinese Spring under well-water conditions. We evaluated and selected the F₃ plants with salt or drought tolerance for generation advancement.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

High temperature is one of major environmental stress. Heat tolerance managing is difficult through the phenotypic selection, so marker assistant selection (MAS) using molecular markers like as RAPD, SSR etc. was tried to select useful traits for heat tolerance. Fourteen SSR markers reported by previous research were selected for this research. We tried to evaluate 14 SSR markers for MAS using 31 useful wheat resources including 24 crossing line from Turkey, six Korean wheat cultivars and Chinese spring. The average of the number of alleles and PIC values in this study were 6.14 and 0.64, respectively. Two major clades and four sub clades were grouped by phylogenetic tree using UPGMA. Four Korean wheat cultivars were distinct from other Turkey resources in the phylogenetic dendrogram. From the results, we expected that these markers were able to adapt to screening wheat genotyping for heat tolerance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

The life cycle assessment method for environmental impact assessment was used, in this study, to assess the production process of wheat flour which is the most important material in the food industry. Environmental impact assessments were compared between that of the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea (method I) with that of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (method II). Life cycle inventories (LCI) was performed using internal and external databases and the production statistics database of company S. The procedure of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was followed in terms of classification, characterization, normalization and weighting to identify the key issues. The impact categories of method I were divided into 8 categories with consideration of : abiotic resources depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, acidification and eutrophication. The impact categories of method II were divided into 10 categories with consideration of: abiotic resources depletion, global warming, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Flour characteristics of Korean winter wheat grown in Suwon in 1997 and 1998, and in Suwon and Deokso in 1998 were evaluated. Korean winter wheat cultivars were significantly influenced by years and locations in flour properties such as ash content, protein content, damaged starch content, starch swelling volume and power. Protein content was highly correlated with starch damage and alkaline water retention capacity. There were highly significant correlations between mixing time of mixograph and SDS sedimentation volume. Swelling properties of flour and starch were highly correlated with pasting properties of flour and starch, respectively. Compared to commercial flours for baking, Alchanmil, Gobunmil, Keumkangmil and Tapdongmil showed similar protein content, SOS sedimentation volume and mixograph mixing time. Eunpamil, Geurumil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 258, Suwon 261, Suwon 265, Suwon 275, Suwon 276, Suwon 277, Suwon 278 and Urimil had similar values to commercial noodle flours in SDS sedimentation volume. Alchanmil, Olgeurumil, Suwon 274, Suwon 275, Suwon 276 and Urimil showed higher swelling and pasting properties than the others. Chokwang, Olgeurumil, Suwon 277 and Urimil were similar to commercial cookie flours. Friabilin-absence lines showed higher protein content and starch damage than those of friabilin-presence lines. Absence lines of 1D$\times$2.2 + 1Dy12 subunit in high molecular weight glutenin subunits showed higher SDS sedimentation volume and mixing time of mixograph than those of presence lines.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2003

Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Immature and mature embryos of 18 Korean wheat genotypes were cultured in vitro to develop an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration, and to compare the responses of both embryo cultures. Immature and mature embryos were placed on a solid agar medium containing the MS salts and vitamins, 30g/l maltose, 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and amino acids. The developed calli were maintained on regeneration medium containing MS salts and B5 vitamins, 20 g/l sucrose, and the combination of two plant growth regulators, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Immature embryos in most genotypes showed high efficiency of callus induction except three genotypes; Eunpamil, Chunggemil, and Namhaemil, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from immature embryos showed high efficiency in Geurumil (56.5%), Tapdongmil (50.5%), Gobunmil (45.5%), and Urimil(42.2%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for regeneration frequency among the genotypes. Mature embryos showed low callus induction frequency compared with that in immature embryos, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from mature embryos showed high efficiency in Keumkangmil (33.33%), Tapdongmil(28.13%), and Geurumil (27.78%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for plant regeneration frequency among the genotypes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different active gluten and rice Nuruk(Asp. oryzae, Asp. kawachii rice Nuruk) levels on the quality properties of steamed rice breads. Enzyme(amylase and acidic protease) activity of Asp. oryzae rice Nuruk is higher than Asp. kawachii rice Nuruk. Among the loaf volume of active gluten that were tested (10, 13, 15 and 17%) an active gluten loaf volume of 15% produced the best steamed rice bread. As a result of the loaf volume test steamed rice bread with rice Nuruk was decreased than steamed wheat bread. Regarding color, all treatments produced significant differences. The L value was decreased in steamed rice bread more than in steamed wheat bread, and a and b values were increased, respectively. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of SRB-2, 3, 4 were lower than SWB-1 but springiness were higher. According to the sensory evaluation of steamed rice bread, color, flavor, and uniformity of pores were the highest in the steamed wheat bread, and the chewiness and texture were good in the steamed rice bread containing added active gluten and rice Nuruk. In this study, addition of rice Nuruk in steamed rice bread did not increase loaf volume, but had an advantage for overall desirability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether addition of konjac gel with three different vegetable powders can increase quality of low-fat frankfurter-type sausage. Methods: Low-fat frankfurter-type sausages were manufactured with formulations containing konjac gel and three vegetable powders (aloe vera, cactus pear, or wheat sprout) as pork fat replacers. The formulations of frankfurters were as follows: NF (normal-fat; 20% pork fat), LF (low-fat; 10% pork fat), KG (low-fat; 10% pork fat+10% konjac gel), and konjac gel with three vegetable powders (KV), such as KV-AV (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with aloe vera), KV-CP (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with cactus pear), and KV-WS (10% pork fat+10% konjac gel with wheat sprout). Proximate analysis, pH value, color evaluation, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, emulsion stability, apparent viscosity, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluation were determined. Results: The konjac gel containing groups showed lower fat content (p<0.05) and higher moisture content than NF group (p<0.05). The pH value of frankfurters was decreased in three KV groups (p<0.05). The three KV groups had increased dark color (p<0.05) compared with KG, and KV-CP had the highest redness (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity and emulsion stability were higher in the three KV groups than KG and LF (p<0.05). Cooking loss was generally decreased in the three KV groups, compared with KG (p<0.05). The apparent viscosity of KV groups was similar with NF group and overall texture properties were improved in KV-CP. In the sensory evaluation, the highest overall acceptability was found in KV-CP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The four fat replacers improved physicochemical properties of low-fat frankfurters. Particularly, konjac gel with cactus pear powder seems more acceptable as a pork fat replacer.