• 제목/요약/키워드: wheat cultivars

검색결과 179건 처리시간 0.022초

The Effect of Cultural Factors on Anther Culture in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

  • Kang, Tae-Jin;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Plant Resources
    • /
    • 제6권2호
    • /
    • pp.153-158
    • /
    • 2003
  • Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

  • PDF

밀 잎집눈무늬병원균(Rhizoctonia cerealis)의 배양적 특성과 국내육성 맥류 품종의 저항성 평가 (Cultural Characteristics of Rhizoctonia cerealis Isolated from Diseased Wheat Fields and Evaluation of the Resistance of Korean Winter Cereal Crops)

  • 이은숙;이왕휴;강천식;김미정;김태수;박종철
    • 식물병연구
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.19-24
    • /
    • 2011
  • 밀의 잎의 황화와 줄기 고사 증상이 발생한 포장에서 분리한 균을 동정한 결과 배지 생육 반응, 형태학적 유전자적 특성과 병원성, 균의 DNA 검정 결과 밀 잎집눈무늬병을 일으키는 Rhizoctonia cerealis로 확인되었다. R. cerealis의 온도와 pH에 따른 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과 생육 최적 온도는 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$로 약간 저온성인 것으로 확인 되었다. pH에 따른 생육 반응 조사 결과는 pH 5~7에서 생육이 좋아 대체로 약산성에서 활발한 특징을 보였다. 밀 잎집눈무늬병에 대해 국내 육성 맥류 품종에 대한 저항성 검정을 수행하였다. 밀 품종 검정 결과 검정한 29품종에서 20% 이상의 발병률로 저항성이 확인되지 않았다. 안백밀 등 12품종이 발병률 20~30%의 중도저항성을 보였으나 '그루밀' 등 17품종은 40~80% 이상으로 감수성을 보였다. 사료용으로 이용되는 청보리, 귀리, 호밀, 트리티케일 검정 결과에서는 호밀 2품종에서만 50% 이상의 발병률을 모여 감수성으로 나타났으나, 청보리, 귀리, 트리티케일에서는 발병율 15% 이하로 저항성인 것으로 나타났다. 귀리나 트리티케일, 호밀의 발병과 저항성 평가는 국내에서 처음 이루어졌다. 한편 식용 및 맥주용 보리 검정 결과 겉보리 9품종 중 '탑골보리', '알보리', '서둔찰보리' 등 3품종이 발병률 10% 이하의 저항성을 보였으며 6개 겉보리와 5개 맥주보리 전체 검정 품종은 중도 저항성을 보인 반면 검정 쌀보리 품종들은 감수성인 것으로 나타났다.

A Simple Method for the Assessment of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Korean Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

  • Shin, Sanghyun;Kim, Kyeong-Hoon;Kang, Chon-Sik;Cho, Kwang-Min;Park, Chul Soo;Okagaki, Ron;Park, Jong-Chul
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제30권1호
    • /
    • pp.25-32
    • /
    • 2014
  • Fusarium head blight (FHB; scab) caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat and barley around the world. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which are a major health concern for humans and animals. The objective of this research was to develop an easy seed or seedling inoculation assay, and to compare these assays with whole plant resistance of twenty-nine Korean winter wheat cultivars to FHB. The clip-dipping assay consists of cutting off the coleoptiles apex, dipping the coleoptiles apex in conidial suspension, covering in plastic bag for 3 days, and measuring the lengths of lesions 7 days after inoculation. There were significant cultivar differences after inoculation with F. graminearum in seedling relative to the controls. Correlation coefficients between the lesion lengths of clip-dipping inoculation and FHB Type II resistance from adult plants were significant (r=0.45; P<0.05). Results from two other seedling inoculation methods, spraying and pin-point inoculation, were not correlated with adult FHB resistance. Single linear correlation was not significant between seed germination assays (soaking and soak-dry) and FHB resistance (Type I and Type II), respectively. These results showed that clip-dipping inoculation method using F. graminearum may offer a real possibility of simple, rapid, and reliable for the early screening of FHB resistance in wheat.

Identification and Characterization of New Copia-like Retrotransposon Osr1 in Rice

  • Lee, Yong-Hwan;Jwa, Nam-Soo;Park, Sook-Young;Park, Chan-Ho;Han, Seong-Sook
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.57-63
    • /
    • 2003
  • An insertion sequence identified as a solo long terminal repeat (LTR) of a new rice copia-like retrotransposon was detected in the ORE of the Pi-b gene from the rice cv. Nipponbare, and was designated as Osr1. Osr1 consists of a 6386 bp nucleotide sequence including 965 bp LTRs on both ends with an 82% nucleotide sequence identity to the wheat Tarl retrotransposon on reverse transcriptase. Nucleotide divergence was noted among the individual LTRs, as well as the coding region of Osr1. Various restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of LTR were detected in indica cultivars, whereas, only a few could be detected in the japonica cultivars. The population of Osr1 is lower in the wild-type rice compared with that in the domesticated cultivars. The insertion of LTR sequence in the h-b gene in the susceptible cultivar suggested that retro-tyansposon-mediated insertional mutation might play an important role in the resistance breakdown, as well as in the evolution of resistance genes in rice.

야간조명에 대한 대ㆍ소맥의 생육 및 수량반응 (Effect of Night Illumination on Growth and Grain Yield of Wheat and Barley)

  • 김영용;김충국;김시주;강병화
    • 한국농림기상학회지
    • /
    • 제4권1호
    • /
    • pp.18-22
    • /
    • 2002
  • 야간조명이 주요 밀ㆍ보리 품종의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 작물시험장 포장에서 나트륨 등을 이용하여 1.2∼20 Lux가 되게 야간조도를 조절하여 일몰 후부터 일출 전까지 전 생육기간 동안 매일 점등을 실시하였고, 2 Lux이하, 2.1∼5.0 Lux, 5.1∼10 Lux, 10∼20 Lux로 구분하여 조사하였다. 대맥 3품종 (강보리, 서둔찰보리, 올보리)과 소맥 4품종(금강밀, 그루밀, 조광, 장광)을 공시하여 실험하였다. 야간조도에 따른 대ㆍ소맥의 성숙기 간장은 조도가 높아질수록 모든 품종에서 단간화되는 경향을 보였고, 파성 I인 강보리의 변이가 가장 심하였으며, 소맥보다 대맥의 간장변이가 더 심하였다. 절수, 망장, 간직경은 전반적으로 야간조도의 증가에 따라 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였으나, 처리간ㆍ품종간 차이는 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 대맥의 절간장 감소는 상위 4ㆍ5절 이상에서 심하였으며, 수장의 감소 정도는 대ㆍ소맥이 비슷하였으나. 소맥품종 간에는 숙기가 늦은 품종일수록 영향을 크게 받았다. 출수소요일수는 야간조도 증가에 따라 단축되는 경향을 보였으며, 단축정도는 10∼20 Lux에서 2∼10일로 대ㆍ소맥이 비슷하였고, 출수기와 수전일수도 강보리를 제외하고는 품종간ㆍ맥종간 차이가 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 수량 감소는 2∼5 Lux 조건에서 대맥 12.5%, 소맥 11.0%였으며, 10∼20 Lux에서는 대맥 34.6%, 소맥 29.3% 의 감소를 보여, 조도의 증가에 따라 수량이 감소되었으며, 소맥보다 대맥의 감소정도가 더 심하였다. 품종간에는 대맥은 파성이 낮은 강보리(I)가, 소맥은 숙기가 늦은 조광, 장광이 조도 증가에 따른 수량감소가 심하였다. 천립중은 야간 조도 증가에 따라 다소 증가 되는 경향을 보였으나 그 차이가 크지 않았다. 야간조도 증가에 따른 수량감소의 주 원인은 수수와 일수립수의 감소에 의한 것으로 보이며, 수수보다는 일수립수의 감소가 직접적인 영향을 준 것으로 사료되었다.

보리품종 구분에 적합한 전기영동법과 효소 (Appropriate Electrophoresis Techniques and Isozymes to Identification of Barley Cultivars)

  • 손응룡;이용세;윤경은;하용웅
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제30권4호
    • /
    • pp.405-411
    • /
    • 1985
  • 본 실험은 보리품종의 구분에 가장 적합한 전기영동법과 효소를 구명하고자 6개 보리품종(알찬보리, 수원 216호, 조풍보리, 사천 6호, 향맥, 히노데하다가)의 종실 단백질을 7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel, 2-30% polyacrylamide porosity gradient tube gel, isoelectricfocusing(pH 4-9)과 starch gel을 사용 전기영동 후 protein band pattern과 esterase, acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase 및 leucine aminopeptidase의 동위효소 pattern을 관찰하였던 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 7.5% polyacrylamide slab gel에서 단백질 pattern과 2-30% polyacrylamide porosity gradient tube gel에서의 단백질과 esterase의 band pattern이 품종간 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 보리품종구분에 가장 적합하였다. 2. Acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase 및 leucine aminopeptidase 등의 동위효소 pattern은 모든 실험한 품종이 동일한 형태를 보여 품종구분에 이용하기에는 적합하지 않았다.

  • PDF

신육성 다수확 밀 익산370호의 원맥과 밀가루의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Wheat Flours from New Released Iksan370 with Long Spike and Domestic Wheat Cultivars)

  • 최용석;이재강;최용현;김영환;강천식;신말식
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
    • /
    • 제31권5호
    • /
    • pp.551-556
    • /
    • 2015
  • Iksan370 is a long-spike wheat developed by the Rural Development Administration yielding excellent features components such as cold resistance, disease resistance, and viviparous germination. The physicochemical and material properties of the raw wheat and milled flour of Iksan370 were analyzed to derive its appropriate uses. The raw wheat of Iksan370 showed high contents of ash and proteins at 1.71% and 13.7%, respectively. Its test weight of 763.0 g/L was similar to those of other varieties and its 1,000 kernel weight was high at 45.38 g. The milled flour of Iksan370 had an ash content of 0.45%, which corresponds with a class 1 flour, and its protein content is 12.18%, corresponding with strong flour. The damaged starch was 5.41%, which was lower than that of other varieties. The average grain size was $70.67{\mu}m$ and the grain distribution was at the level of a typical hard wheat. In the farinogram, the water absorption was 58.63%, which corresponded to the level of medium flour. The development time was 7.00 minutes, which was significantly lower than those of Jokyung and Keumkang. The degree of softening was 67.00 BU, similar to those of Yunbaek and Baekjoong. Among the physico-chemical characteristics, the high protein content and typical hard wheat grain distribution of Iksan370 were similar to those of strong wheat, usually used for bread making. However, in the farinogram, the dough development time was short and the degree of softening was high. As a result, Iksan370 was expected to have poor breadmaking properties and a small volume of the final bread product due to insufficient dough durability. On the other hand, Iksan370 showed the highest maximum gelatinization viscosity at 864.00 BU. Therefore, Iksan370 is expected to show glutinous texture when used for noodles and its flour appears to be appropriate for frying powders as well.