• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

Urban streams are degrading functional role due to development and pollution. This study chose the representative stream of Do-rim and identified flora and fauna. The ecological survey aimed at identifying indicator of urban streams for measuring urban healthiness and we discussed the possibility of wetland conservation area. From the beginning of Dorim stream to An-yang mixture we were successfully identified 113 species of plants, 9 of mammals, 23 of birds, 4 of amphibians, 2 of reptiles and 2 of fish species. Terrestrial insects were 71 species. The wetland vegetation is quite various and we suggested 4 different vegetation zones (aquatic vegetation zone, emergent zone, riparian-meadow zone, riparian-woodland zone) depending on distance from the flowing water stream and vegetation characteristics for urban stream management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2016

Damyang riverine wetland was designated as a wetland protected area in 2004; that is located in the Yeongsan river mainstream. Total 30 phytosociological releves at field studies were classified with 22 vegetation types including of 101 species (unidentified 1 species). Legends of actual vegetation map were separated by 6 types; riparian forest, substitute vegetation, synanthropic vegetation, wet meadow vegetation, open water, an area of wetland vegetation is about 35 % ($386,841.86m^2$). Results of this study area as follows. The plant society of Damyang riverine wetland was conjectured that it was formed by rapidly water environment change with installed weir on the upstream of protected area and operating of Damyang dam on top of the basin. Until recently, the terrace land on the river was used to cultivate, but that would be formed fallow vegetation scenery on riverfront caused by no cultivation after designated protected area. Paspalum distichum var. indutum community designated as invasive alien plant by Korea Ministry of Environment was widely developed and Myriophyllum spicatumunrecorded in the country as newly alien species was discovered in the study zone. The plants as lapped over developing environment for Leersia japonica must be occupied habitat of native plant species having similar niche. The various plant society in Damyang riverine wetland should be developed because of environmental changes, disturbances and damages of stream.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2012

The performance data for eight years from a free-surface-flow constructed wetland system receiving agricultural tailwater were used to analyze denitrification rate and nitrogen treatment characteristics according to season and wetland design. Seasonal difference between growing season (March~November) and winter season (December~February) was shown in the concentration of all nitrogen species. Seasonal nitrogen treatment has similar trend with temperature and measured denitrification rate. The highest denitrification rate was measured in July, but treatment efficiency was most higher in May and June. Nitrogen absorption of vegetation could affect to these wetland performances, therefore dense population of wetland vegetation might be helpful. According to design of wetland, at least 25~50 m of wetland length was needed to decrease effluent T-N concentration to background concentration in growing season. In winter season, wetland needed much longer distance to reduce T-N concentration. Mass removal rate was continuously high through whole year because runoff coefficient was low in winter season. Applicability of constructed wetland was observed for the total maximum daily load that control T-N load.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

This research is primarily intended to explore a novel way to monitor desiccation of inland wetland by combining MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The changes for vegetation and water condition on Upo Wetland located at southeastern Korea were investigated by MNDWI and NDVI derived from 2002, 2010 and 2015 Landsat data. The integrated use of MNDWI and NDVI made it possible to identify area-wide vegetation cover changes and to assess water storage changes on multi-annual time scales simultaneously. Comparing MNDWI with NDVI reveals the quantitative evidences for anthropogenic and environmental influences (such as road, building, water) causing an accelerated wetland desiccation. In fact, our monitoring approach raises critical issues regarding the hydrological cycle and its inter-annual changes for inland wetland under threat of drying up and highlights the important role of MNDWI and NDVI integration for any urgent or long-term treatment plan. This research presents scientific and objective evidences to support integrated approach of NDVI and MNDWI in exploring drying up trends of wetlands.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

This paper investigates preliminarily spatial distribution soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and its environmental influence in wetland soil of different vegetation landscape in the Yellow River Mouth. The result shows the SOM and total nitrogen (TN), efficient N, efficient P in top layer soils of different vegetation district have significantly different content, The SOM is shown as Calamagrostis epigeios wetlands > Phragmites cmmunis wetlands > Tamarix chinensi wetlands above tidal > Suaeda salsa wetlands in high tidal > Tamarix chinensi wetlands in high tidal > tidal flats, the arrange of the TN and efficient N content is the same except that the content in Suaeda salsa wetlands in high tidal is heavier than Tamarix chinensi wetlands in high tidal. In different vegetation landscape wetland types the vertical change of soil nutrients are obvious except for p, gradually decrease from the upper to the lower. This case reflects the function of the vegetation on the wetland development of soil and proves the wetland soil has the characteristic of new born and bad degree of development. SOM, TN, efficient N and efficient P content in wetland soils have significantly positive correlation, but TP have no correlation with them but efficient p. The contents of TN in wetland soils range from 58~1480 mg/kg, total average content 408 mg/kg, average content of above 30 cm is 625 mg/kg. The range of TP content in the soil is 372~1042 mg/kg, total average is 569 mg/kg, average content of above 20 cm is 611 mg/kg. According the P it occurs mainly as calcium phosphates, and the validity is lower, therefore, N and P in the new born wetlands cannot produce serious impact on the environments at present.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.557-562
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• 2000

Estuary lakes constructed for agricultural water resources development projects have encountered eutrophication problems. Natural water purification function of wetland is considered for nutrient removal from inflowing stream. A constructed wetland was designed and installed for pollutant loading abatement in estuary lake Koheung. Combined pond-wetland system was adopted. In this system primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells were interconnected. Reed and cattail were selected for wetland vegetation and planted in the wetland cells. In this paper, design criteria of the pond-wetland system in temperate weather zone is presented.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2019

This study assessed the contribution of emergent vegetation (Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Nelumbo nucifera) to the submerged surface area, the amount of biofilms attached to the submerged portions of the plants, and the treatment performance of a free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. Results showed that a 1% increase ($31m^2$) in the vegetative area resulted in an increase of $220m^2$ of submerged surface area, and 0.48 kg Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) of attached biofilm. As the vegetation coverage increased, effluent organic matter and total Kjeldahl nitrogen decreased. Conversely, a higher nitrate concentration was found in the effluent as a result of increased nitrification and incomplete denitrification, which was limited by the availability of a carbon source. In addition, a larger vegetation coverage resulted in a higher phosphorus in the effluent, most likely released from senescent biofilms and sediments, which resulted from the partial suppression of algal growth. Based on the results, it was recommended that constructed wetlands should be operated with a vegetation coverage of just under 50% to maximize pollutant removal.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the vegetation types of Minarimot, in Jeju Islands. The vegetation types were classified by the Z-M school method and cluster analysis. The vegetation in Minarimot was classified into 6 communities and 2 subcommunities: Persicaria thunbergii-Isachne globosa community (vegetation type: A), Scirpus tribangulatus-Eleocharis manillata var. cyclocarpa community (B) (Aneilema keisak subcommunity (B-1) and Caldesia parnassifolia-Potamogeton distinctus subcommunity (B-2)), Eleocharis kuroguwai community (C), Phragmites communis community (D), Scirpus tabernaemontani community(E) and Typha orientalis community (F). These communities were grouped into three main categories according to cluster analysis. The community (A) established at the edge of the wetland which has the driest condition was distinguished as Group I, while the community (B) emerged in the submerged zone was distinguished as Group III. The Group II was designated as the communities (C, D, E, F) between Group I and III, whose communities were occasionally submerged. The result of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) appeared that the different vegetation established along the wetland were depending on water environment such as water depth and the period submerged.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2004

Wetlands are lands with a mixture of water, herbaceous or woody vegetation and wet soil. And linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) is one of the most often used methods in handling the spectral mixture problem. This study aims to test LSMA is an enhanced routine for classification of wetland land-covers in Paldang reservoir and vicinity (paldang Reservoir) using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. In the LSMA process, reference endmembers were driven from scatter-plots of Landsat bands 3, 4 and 5, and a series of endmember models were developed based on green vegetation (GV), soil and water endmembers which are the main indicators of wetlands. To consider phenological characteristics of Paldang Reservoir, a soil endmember was subdivided into bright and dark soil endmembers in spring and a green vegetation (GV) endmember was subdivided into GV tree and GV herbaceous endmembers in fall. We found that LSMA fractions improved the classification accuracy of the wetland land-cover. Four endmember models provided better GV and soil discrimination and the root mean squared (RMS) errors were 0.011 and 0.0039, in spring and fall respectively. Phenologically, a fall image is more appropriate to classify wetland land-cover than spring's. The classification result using 4 endmember fractions of a fall image reached 85.2 and 74.2 percent of the producer's and user's accuracy respectively. This study shows that this routine will be an useful tool for identifying and monitoring the status of wetlands in Paldang Reservoir.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

Backgrounds: The main purpose of this research was to assess changes in vegetation structure, wetland index, and diversity index for a 15-year-old created wetland in Jincheon, South Korea. The created wetland consists of four sub-wetlands: a kidney-shaped wetland, a ditch, an ecological pond, and a square wetland. Vegetation and water depth data were collected at each site in 1999 and 2013, and Shannon diversity and wetland indices were calculated. Results: The total number of plant species increased from 18 in 1999 to 50 in 2013, and the ecological pond in 1999 and the ditch in 2013 presented the highest diversity indices (2.5 and 3.2, respectively). Plant species were less diverse in 1999 than in 2013, presumably because these initial wetlands were managed periodically for water purification and installation of test beds. The proportion of wetland plants, including obligate wetland and facultative wetland species, decreased from 83 to 56%, whereas upland plants, including obligate upland and facultative upland species, increased from 17 to 44%. After ceasing water supply, water depth in all four sub-wetlands declined in 2013. Thus, upland plants established more readily at these sites, resulting in higher diversity and lower wetland indices than in 1999. Conclusions: The major floristic differences between 1999 and 2013 were an increase in the number of upland plants and a decrease in wetland species. Although wetland indices were lower in 2013, the created wetland performed important ecosystem functions by providing habitats for wetland and upland plants, and the overall species diversity was high.