Membrane and Water Treatment

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Contributions of emergent vegetation acting as a substrate for biofilms in a free water surface constructed wetland

  • Zhao, Ruijun (School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Cheng, Jing (Department of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University) ;
  • Yuan, Qingke (Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanseo University) ;
  • Chen, Yaoping (School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Kim, Youngchul (Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanseo University)
  • Received : 2018.05.18
  • Accepted : 2018.09.15
  • Published : 2019.01.25
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Abstract

This study assessed the contribution of emergent vegetation (Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Nelumbo nucifera) to the submerged surface area, the amount of biofilms attached to the submerged portions of the plants, and the treatment performance of a free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. Results showed that a 1% increase ($31m^2$) in the vegetative area resulted in an increase of $220m^2$ of submerged surface area, and 0.48 kg Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) of attached biofilm. As the vegetation coverage increased, effluent organic matter and total Kjeldahl nitrogen decreased. Conversely, a higher nitrate concentration was found in the effluent as a result of increased nitrification and incomplete denitrification, which was limited by the availability of a carbon source. In addition, a larger vegetation coverage resulted in a higher phosphorus in the effluent, most likely released from senescent biofilms and sediments, which resulted from the partial suppression of algal growth. Based on the results, it was recommended that constructed wetlands should be operated with a vegetation coverage of just under 50% to maximize pollutant removal.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology

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