• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 2017

In this study, we report on the catalyst process installed in conjunction with a wet plasma electrostatic precipitator to remove the oil mist and fine dust emitted from large-size grill restaurants. The multi-stage catalyst module reduced odor through catalytic reaction of acetaldehyde on catalysts even at an ambient temperature with ozone as an oxidant readily produced in a wet plasma electrostatic precipitator. Two types of manganese-based catalysts, $Mn_2O_3$ and $CuMnO_x$ were fabricated by extrusion molding for structured catalysts in practical applications, and the optimum conditions for high removal efficiencies of acetaldehyde and ozone were determined. When two optimized catalysts were applied in a two-stage catalyst module, the removal efficiency of acetaldehyde and ozone were ${\geq}85%$ and 100% respectively at the space velocity of $10,000h^{-1}$ and the reaction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the relationships between cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc levels and metallothionein in the liver and kidney cortex of Korean, the levels of Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu and metallothionein (MT) were determined in the kidney cortex and liver of 50 subjects deceased in the period of January-November, 2001 in the area of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province of Korea. The mean age of the population studied was 36.3+/-12.3 years. The tissues were digested with microwave digestion system and the elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. MT was determined by the Cd-hemoglobin affinity assay. The determined levels (mean+/-SD) were: 33.9+/-18.9 micrograms Cd/g wet weight; 47.5+/-12.6 micrograms Zn/g wet weight; 2.5+/-0.57 microgram Cu/g wet weight; 0.26+/-0.31 micrograms Hg/g wet weight, 4.0+/-3.1 mg MT/g wet weight in renal cortex and 2.5+/-1.9 micrograms Cd/g wet weight; 46.9+/-15.0 micrograms Zn/g wet weight; 6.2+/-2.5 micrograms Cu/g wet weight; 0.10+/-0.15 micrograms Hg/g wet weight, 0.92+/-0.57 mg MT/g wet weight in the liver. Positive relationships between Cd and MT, sum of four divalent metal and MT in the kidney cortex were observed. No other correlation was found between Cu and MT, Hg and MT, Zn and MT in either organs.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 1998

A new gas-flow type reactor for plasma polymerization was developed to synthesize functional polymers, which enhances reaction of radicals activated in the discharge. Styrene was used for the plasma polymerization and molecular strucure and molecular weight distribution of the plasma -polymerized styrene were studies. The ploymer was evaluated to be an efficient electron beam resist. The sensitivity of the plasma-polymerized styrene film formed by this new reactor was better than that of the reported values of conventional polystyrene, Fine resist patterns could be successfully developed by a wet process.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1436-1440
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• 2018

SiN and SiCN film production using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) is investigated in this study. A developed high-power and high-density multiple inductively coupled plasma (multi-ICP) source is used for a low temperature PE-ALD process. High plasma density and good uniformity are obtained by high power $N_2$ plasma discharge. Silicon nitride films are deposited on a 300-mm wafer using the PE-ALD method at low temperature. To analyze the quality of the SiN and SiCN films, the wet etch rate, refractive index, and growth rate of the thin films are measured. Experiments are performed by changing the applied power and the process temperature ($300-500^{\circ}C$).

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-49
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• 2001

The surface of polyimide membrane was modified by plasma treatment using Ar and NH~. and the permeability and selectivity for the mixture gas $(CO_2/N_2=20/80 vol%)$ were measured. The per¬meation experiments were performed by a variable volume method at $30^{\circ}$C and total pressure of 5 atm, The effect of the plasma conditions such as treatment time, power input, gas flow rate and pressure in the reactor on the transport Dwperties of modified membranes was investigated. The surface of the plasma treated membrane was analyzed by means of FTlR - ATH, ESCA and AFM. The dependences of the wettability and the etching on plasma treatment time were investigated by use of the contact angle and the weight loss measurement. Measurements of gas pcnneability characteristic were performed using both dry and wet membranes. The effects of experimental conditions such as temperature on the membrane performance were studied.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

In the previous study, the possibility of modifying the surface properties of base paper with plasma treatment was evaluated. It was shown that only the hydrophilic properties of the base paper surface was increased while there was no changes in physical and optical properties. Only the surface of the plasma treated side was modified. In this study, the effect of plasma treatment on binder migration was elucidated. The base paper was plasma treated with various voltage and then the plasma treated base papers were coated with varying coated weight. The surface strength of the coated paper (dry and wet pick) was increased with plasma treatment, which implies that the plasma treatment of base paper can inhibit the binder migration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the treated discharge water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus ($7d-LC_{50}{\Rightarrow}100.00%$ treated discharge water, $7d-LC_{25}{\Rightarrow}85.15%$ treated discharge water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1273-1275
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• 2005

The influence of oxygen plasma and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment of $SiO_2$ on the patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is presented. A significant difference in surface energies between plasma treated and OTS treated $SiO_2$ was noted. Such heterogeneous surface energy guides PEDOT:PSS to wet and spread on the wettable region and to dewet and retract from other regions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.491-491
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• 2013

A novel plasma system has been developed for 3-dimensional modification of the carbon nano-powders. Improvement of dispersion of these nano materials are studied by plasma discharge, not using chemical modification. The plasma process is considered to great advantages over wet chemical process due to environmental, economic viewpoint, and uniformity over the treated volume. The uniform dispersion is a critical factor for these material's nano composite applications. Using this plasma system, graphene, carbon black, and CNT was treated and functionalized. Several key discharge conditions such as Ar/H2/O2 or Ar/H2/NH3 gas ratio, treatment time, power, feeder's vibration frequency are investigated. Hydrophobic of graphene has turned some more into hydrophilic by reaction test with water, electrophoresis, surface contact angle test, and turbidity analysis. The oxygen content ratio in the plasma treated CNT has increased about 3.7 times than the untreatedone. In the case of graphene and carbon black, the oxygen- and nitrogen- content has been enhanced average 10%. O-H (N-H) peak, C-O (C-N) peak, and C=O (C=N) peak data have been detected by FTIR measurement and intensified compared to before-plasma treatment due to O2 or NH3 content.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.555-557
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• 2004

We report the effect of the particle size (D50) and PSD (Particle Size Distribution) of glass frit on the transparency of transparent dielectric layer of PDP. The milling efficiency of wet milling with water was the best among the dry milling, wet milling with IPA and wet milling with water. The transparency increased with the reduction of particle size of glass frit as the milling time increased. Also the transparency changed by the PSD of glass frit. Glass frits of broad PSD showed high transparency compared with the glass frits of sharp PSD.