• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

To study the cleaning effects and post-treatment stability assessment of various methods of cleaning textiles with metal thread, six naturally-soiled historical textiles with metal thread were investigated at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prior to the cleaning of fabricated gold, silver, and copper thread that had been glued onto a paper substrate, the artificial deterioration was carried out in a controlled environment with light(UV and daylight), and temperature and humidity factors which would weaken and damage the samples. A synthetic soil mixture was applied to the samples to imitate soil found on the historic and archaeological textiles with metal thread; the cleaning effect and post-treatment assessment were investigated by use of three textile cleaning methods: mechanical cleaning, wet cleaning, and solvent cleaning. While investigating the naturally-soiled textiles with metal thread, it was determined that the soil colors and sizes of contaminating particles of each textile were different due to the diversity of original environmental factors and conditions. After cleaning with kneaded rubber, Stoddard solvent, n-decane or n-hexane, a bright, clean effect was apparent. Kneaded rubber was successful in picking up both large and small particles, but its stickiness caused some of the metal leaf to peel off. Stoddard solvent produced a good cleaning effect, but after use of n-hexane and n-decane in the cleaning process, a white layer of residue remained on the textile's surface. Wet cleaning was not effective and the rapid humidity changes between wet and dry conditions caused the edges of the paper substrate to lose their original shape.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

A total of 450 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Pediatric Department, Minia University Hospital, Minia District, Egypt. Two groups of patients were studied, including 200 immunosuppressed and 250 immunocompetent children. Stool samples were subjected to wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique (formol-ether sedimentation method) was carried out for stool samples diagnosed negative by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by 2 different methods; acid fast stain (modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) and Giemsa stain. Total 188 cases (94%) were diagnosed positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed children, whereas 150 cases (60%) were positive in immunocompetent children ($P$<0.0001). The most common protozoan infection in immunosuppressed group was $Cryptosporidium$ $parvum$ (60.2%), followed by $Blastocystis$ $hominis$ (12.1%), $Isospora$ $belli$ (9.7%), and $Cyclospora$ $caytenensis$ (7.8%). On the other hand, $Entamoeba$ $histolytica$ (24.6%) and $Giardia$ $lamblia$ (17.6%) were more common than other protozoans in immunocompetent children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

This paper presents experimental results about characteristics of soil discharge as a function of moisture content when the $1.2/50{\mu}s$ lightning impulse voltage is applied. The laboratory experiments, for this study, were carried out based on factors affecting the transient behavior in soils. The electrical breakdown in soils was measured over a 0-6% range of moisture content for sands and a 0-4% range of moisture content for gravels. Needle-plane electrode systems was used As a result, the conduction current prior to ionization growth in dry soil is a little, but it in wet soil is increased with the applied voltage because the wet soil particles act as conductors. The soil impedance curves show an abrupt reduction just after breakdown. The general tendency measured in different soils is that the higher the water content, the lower the breakdown voltage and the shorter the time-lag to breakdown.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to develop a continuous process for sorbitol production using dried Zymomonas mobilis immobilized in K-carrageenan. The methods of glularaldehyde cross-linking of enzymes in CTAB (celyltrimetylammoniumbromide) treated cells immobilized in K-carrageenan showed stability for the production of sorbitol for 30 days of operation. K-carrageenan beads entrapping permeabilized cells were dried to Improve bead rigidity and storage stability. A semi-batch process with dry beads was carried out and only a small loss of enzyme activity (less than 8%) was observed during 72h. The value of Vmax for the dry K-carrageenan beads was found to be one half or that for free cells. It was shown that the productivities of the continuous process with wet K-carrageenan beads and dry beads at a dilution rate 0.1h-1 were 3.4g/L-h and 2.88h/L-h, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1974

The exports of plywood are increasing annually and it has ranked first in the world market because of the high quality product and manufactured using mordern techniques. However, it is known that the exports of the other wood products, except plywood, is inactive because of their low quality. Accordingly, to increase the exports of various wood products investigations were carried out on kiln drying techniques to improve the quality of the wood. Wet wood should be kiln dried before use to prevent various drying defects such as distortion, shrinkage etc., which would develop after processing,:and also wet wood is not suitable for cutting, gluing and finishing. Therefore, the kiln drying properties of lumber from such species as oak, ramin and meranti which are used in large quantity for manufacturing exporting wood products have been studied. The results of the research are summarized as follows. (1) The end checks and the time for drying from initial moisture content of about 40 percent to 5 percent moisture content in ovendry were investigated as follows: (2) The kiln dried results, for 30mm stock, which are presented by using kiln schedule table 3 are as follows: (3) The kiln schedules for ramin, meranti and oak are given respectively as follows: Ramin kiln schedule: Table 17 and Table 18. Meranti schedule : Table 12. Oak schedule : Table 15.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1976

This study was carried out to know the adaptability of barley flour, potato flour and white ash as extender and filler of urea-formaldehyde resin for plywood as a substitute material of wheat flour. The extenders and filler used at this study were extended by several groups of percentages. Shear strength, moisture contents, and specific gravities were compared among tested groups. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Wet and dry shear strength of plywoods extended by 10% barley flour, 30% potato flour, and wheat flours were shown better results than non extended plywoods. 2) There was no significant difference between plywoods extended until 50% barley flours and non extended plywoods. 3) Shear strength of plywoods extended by 50% potato and 100% barley flours were shown worse result than non extended. 4) Dry and wet shear strength of plywoods extended by white ash were shown worst result. 5) The plywoods extended by potato flours were shown not only better shear strength, but also considered more profitable cost for extending.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2009

Elimination of squeal noise occurred during brake application is an important task for the improvement of comforts in an industrial forklift. In this paper, a test rig was developed which was possible for testing of brake noise and an experimental measurement on squeal noise was performed. The causes of the brake noise are identified by experimenting how the factors such as automatic transmission fluid and rpm of drive axle affect the squeal. In order to identify the squeal characteristics, the signal analyses for noise are performed by using frequency spectrums. Also, brake test using a forklift was carried out to confirm the reliability of test results by using a test rig comparing with the occurrence of squeal noise. Experimental results showed that the tendencies of occurrence of squeal noise are well agreed at two test methods by using the test rig and forklift.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.571-579
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• 2007

This study was conducted to qualify the equality of the flow distribution from open channel between rapid mixing basin and flocculation basins in a domestic full-scale water treatment plant, and suggest a remedy for improving the equality. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the suggested remedy, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique are used, and for verifying the CFD simulation results wet tests were carried out for the pilot scale channel based on geometric similarity. From the results of CFD simulation and wet tests, it was investigated that the modification of hydraulic structure in the distribution channel, which is to install the longitudinal orifice baffle in flow direction, could improve the equality of the flow distribution. Also, in the case that Froude number is relatively small (Froude number <<0.03), the open ratio of orifices on the installed baffle hardly affects the equality of flow distribution.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.743-748
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• 2004

Modified Ni/YSZ cermets for high temperature electrolysis were synthesized by the direct ball milling of Ni and YSZ powder. The ball milling was carried out in dry process and in ethanol with varying milling time. While the dry-milling decreased the average size from 65 to $80{\mu}m$, the wet-milling decreased the average size down to $10{\mu}m$. In addition, very fine particles less than $0.1{\mu}m$ were observed in the wet-milling condition. The subsequent process of cold-pressing and sintering at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 h did not affect the particle size of dry-milled powder. The electrical conductivity of the dry-milled Ni/YSZ cermet showed the value of $5{\times}10^{2}\;S/cm$ and this value was increased to $1.4{\times}10^{4}\;S/cm$ after the sintering at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2 h.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.342-348
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• 2001

This study was conducted to obtain granular crystalline gypsum that can be used as raw material for plaster boards or cements from waste Plaster board. We could disintegrate preferentially gypsum to gypsum needle in 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or less size among the contents of waste plaster board (gypsum, paper, fiber, and inorganic material .etc.) by hydration afterwards the dehydration of crushed waste plaster board. In this case, the optimum conditions for minimizing the size of gypsum were dehydration rate of 75%~ 85%, hydration concentration of 10~20%, agitation speed of 250~400rpm, crushing size of 2cm or less. Gypsum of 98.21% grade was recovered with 99.0% yield from under screenings of 325mesh wet screening which followed by the dehydration-hydration process performed in the conditions of dehydration rate of 80%, hydration concentration of 15%, agitation speed of 300rpm, crushing size of 2cm or less. Subsequently, Plate-like Crystalline gypsum of is 151${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ size and the grade of 99.49% with the Yield of 98.0% from the upper screenings of 270mesh wet screening carried out after the re-crystallization of the recovered gypsum needle slurry.