• Title/Summary/Keyword: wet-acid digestion method

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Considerations of Acid Decomposition System for the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Packaging-grade Paper (포장용지류에서의 중금속 분석을 위한 산분해 전처리 방법의 탐색)

  • Lee, Tai-Ju;Ko, Seung-Tae;Kim, Hyoung-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2011
  • The fibrous raw materials in packaging-grade paper production in Korea were mainly obtained from waste paper. The use of recycled paper has both positive and negative impacts in papermaking process. The primary positive impacts are the environmental protection and manufacturing cost reduction, and the negative impacts are the quality reduction in paper quality and the accumulation of heavy metals and other pollutants in wet- and dry-end process. This study was carried out to consider the optimum acid decomposition system with the highest recovery rate for the analysis of heavy metals in packaging-grade paper. The open digestion system using Kjeldahl apparatus and the closed digestion system using microwave oven for decomposing the organic materials in paper were compared. In both open and closed digestion method, the combination of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide showed higher recovery rate than using only nitric acid alone because the presence of Cl- ions in hydrochloric acid stabilizes ligand formation with metal ions. KOCC was observed to have the highest heavy metal content among the recycled paper samples. The heavy metal contents decomposed with the closed digestion system were relatively higher than with open digestion system.

Analytic study on arsenic content in plastic materials (플라스틱 소재의 비소 함유량 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-In;Choi, Zel-Ho;Choi, Ki-In;Ko, Byung-Rae;Choi, In-Suk;Cho, Hun-Sik
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.402-409
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    • 2012
  • Quantitative analytical condition for arsenic in plastic materials by the flow injection-hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was studied. The plastic samples were dissolved by wet-acid digestion method and microwave-acid digestion method. The reproducibility and accuracy in this method was verified using of certified reference materials(CRMs) CRM-EC680k and CRM-EC681k. The analyical results agrees with certified value within the range of uncertainty. The results of CRM-EC680k wer 4.1~4.3 mg/kg (certified value $4.1{\pm}0.5$ mg/kg), and the results of CRM-EC681k were 28.9~30.6 mg/kg (certified value $29.1{\pm}1.8$ mg/kg).

Plant Analysis Methods for Evaluating Mineral Nutrient

  • Lee, Ye-Jin;Sung, Jwa-Kyung;Lee, Seul-Bi;Lim, Jung-Eun;Song, Yo-Sung;Lee, Deog-Bae;Hong, Suk-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2017
  • Analysis of mineral nutrients in plant is required for evaluating diagnosis of plant nutritional status. Pretreatment procedure for the analysis of plant can be varied depending on elements to be analyzed. Wet-digestion is suitable for total nitrogen, phosphate and cations, however, digestion solution including nitric acid is not suitable for nitrogen analysis. Incineration procedure is required to analyze chloride, silicate and total sulfur. After digestion, total nitrogen is analyzed by Kjeldahl method, and phosphate is detected at 470nm by colorimetric analysis with ammonium meta vanadate. Cations and micro elements are determined by titration or colorimetry, also, these elements can be measured by Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) or Inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP).

Hazardous Substance Analysis of Disposable Diaper for Infant (유아용 일회용 기저귀의 유해성 평가)

  • 신정화;윤혜온;박미애;안윤경
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.165-171
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    • 2004
  • The analytical method of toxic heavy metals in disposable diapers was developed. Disposable diapers obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determinated and quantified. Sample treatment (Total Digestion) was wet chemical acid digestion for extraction of nine hazardous inorganic elements (Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Hg) in disposable diapers. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) have been used for analyzing nine hazardous inorganic elements. The results were as follows : The concentration of extractable Sb which was treated for 3 hours with artificial urine and disposable diapers was higher than those of 6 hours and 24 hours. The concentration of extractable Cr was same as Sb. On the other hands, the behavior of Cu and Ni were different from Sb and Cr. Concentrations of extractable Cu and Ni increased as increasing the reaction time between artificial urine and disposable diapers.

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Metals in Infant Formula by AAS Method (AAS법에 의한 유아용 분유중 미량 금속의 동시정량에 관한 연구)

  • Park Kyung-Lyeoull
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.3 no.2 s.5
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 1988
  • In order to analyze trace metals by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer in infant formula milk powder, Wet digestion method using nitric acid, perchloric acid mainly and D.D.T.C.-M.I.B.K. extraction method were done. The r-value of calibration curve were more than 0.999 in Cu, Mn, Zn. Recovery test showed high recovery rate of $97-104\%$. The results were as follows: Averages of total samples were Cu $1.92\pm1.24 ppm,\;Mn\;1.18\pm1.01ppm,\;Zn\;22.43\pm8.88ppm.$ Averages of Common Infant formula were Cu1.96\pm1.26ppm,\;Mn\;1.0\pm0.57ppm,\;Zn\;21.52\pm9.72ppm.$ Averages of follow-up infant formula were Cu$1.89\pm1.26ppm,\;Mn\;1.36\pm1.31ppm,\;Zn\;23.34\pm8.7 ppm$.

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Preparation Method for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry of Food Samples -Comparison of Dry, Wet and Aqua-regia Methods- (원자흡광분석(原子吸光分析)을 위한 식품시료(食品試料) 전처리방법(前處理方法) -왕수액(王水液) 처리법(處理法)과 건식(乾式) 및 습식분해법과(濕式分解法)의 비교(比較)-)

  • Woo, Soon-Ja;Ryoo, Si-Saeng
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.225-230
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    • 1983
  • Aqua-regia method is reported for simultaneous determination of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and iron in high-fat fish tissue. Samples are digested with conc nitric and conc hydrochloric acid in a volumetric flask. After digestion, aqua-regia extracts of samples are analyzed by direct flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The aqua-regia method is compared with dry ashing method and $H_{2}SO_{4}-HNO_{3}$ method. For quantiative determination of calcium, magnesium and zinc, the aqua-regia method and dry ashing method are superior to $H_{2}SO_{4}-HNO_{3}$ method. In case of the other elements-potassium, sodium, manganese, copper and iron-the three methods gave the similar results. Because samples can be processed by aqua-regia method easily, rapidily, cheaply and safely, aqua-regia method is suitable for the routine preparation of a large number of samples simultaneously.

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The Supplementation of Yam Powder Products Can Give the Nutritional Benefits of the Antioxidant Mineral (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Se) Intakes

  • Shin, Mee-Young;Cho, Young-Eun;Park, Chana;Sohn, Ho-Yong;Lim, Jae-Hwan;Kwun, In-Sook
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2012
  • Yam has been recognized having the beneficial effects for the prevention of various diseases, such as cancer, immunity, infection and obesity etc. There is increasing consideration to supplement the antioxidant nutrients to make up the lack of the antioxidant nutrient intakes. No study has been reported for the analysis of antioxidant mineral contents and comparison to dietary recommended intake for the sense of health promotion. In our study, we analyzed the contents of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents in cultivated Korean yam powders for evaluation of nutrient intake aspects. We collected the commercial yam powders from six different cultivated areas in the South Korea and measured antioxidant minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents using trace element-free plasma spectrometer (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) after dry-ashing and then wet-acid digestion. The accuracy of mineral analysis method was confirmed by the mineral analysis of standard reference material. Each analyzed element contents in yam were compared to dietary reference intakes of Koreans (KDRIs). The average levels of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se and Cr) in yam powders were 18.3, 11.9, 36.0, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.27 ${\mu}g/g$ yam powder, respectively. The intakes of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of which KDRIs is determined, are accounted as being up to 23.8%, 55.6%, 32.5% and 236% recommended intake (RI) of KDRIs, if daily yam supplementation (50 g) of commercial instruction would be considered. The intake of Mn is about 25% adequate intake (AI) of KDRIs with the daily supplementation of yam powder. Most of mineral intakes from daily yam supplementation were with the range of non-detectable to <10% upper limit (UL) level, which is very much safe. The study results show that daily supplementation of Korean yam power is beneficial to provide the supplemental nutrient intake and also is safe, if the suggested dosage would be considered.

Nutritive Evaluation of Poultry Waste and Sudex Grass Silage for Sheep

  • Chaudhry, S.M.;Naseer, Z.;Alkraidees, M.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 1997
  • Cage layer waste and sudex grass were ensiled in the proportions of 0:100, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 wet basis, respectively. The influence of ensiling cage layer waste on Salmonellae, Shigella, Proteus, and total number of colony forming units (CFU) was investigated. The nutritive value of the silages was evaluated in a digestion trial. The experiment was conducted with 24 wethers allotted to four silages. Initial samples of cage layer waste showed $0.11{\times}10^6$ CFU and salmonellae, Shigella and Proteus were present. Ensiling was effective in complete elimination of all the pathogens. Dry matter, crude protein and ash contents were increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste in the silages ($358g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $484g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; $76.3g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $183.2g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $38.5g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ to $169.4g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$; DM basis, respectively). Water solubles carbohydrate values for silages were 38.3, 22.5, 20.1 and $20.0g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis, respectively. Ensiling decreased the pH values for all the silages and the decrease was higher for sudex grass ensiled alone than grass ensiled with cage layer waste. Lactic acid concentration in silages increased linearly (p < .01) with the increase of cage layer waste. The apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and CP for the animals fed sudex grass silage alone were 496.0, 516.1, $496.7g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ DM basis respectively. However, digestibilities of all the components were higher (p < 0.01) for the animals fed silages containing cage layer waste. Among waste containing diets, the digestibilities of all the components showed quadratic affect (p < 0.01), increased for silages containing 30 and 40% cage layer waste and decreased when the level of waste increased from 40 to 50%. The results indicated that cage layer waste can be used upto 40% in ruminant diet as a source of N without any adverse effect on the health of animals. Ensiling appeared to be feasible and effective method for eliminating the pathogen present in cage layer waste.

Monitoring Heavy Metals in Meat and Meat Products (식육 및 그 가공품의 중금속 모니터링)

  • Hwang, Tae-Ik;Ahn, Tae-Hyun;Kim, Eun-Jung;Lee, Jung-Ah;Kang, Myoung-Hee;Jang, Young-Mi;Kim, Mee-Hye
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.525-531
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to examine the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in meat and meat products in Korea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in 466 samples of beef, pork, chicken, duck, ham, and sausage were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or a mercury analyzer. Wet ashing and microwave method were compared, and the recovery and reproducibility of the microwave method were better than those of wet ashing for meat and meat products. The recovery of the microwave method was 98.1% for Pb, 104.6% for Cd, and 103.4% for As, respectively. The best result was obtained through digestion using an acid mixture ($HNO_3$/$H_2O_2$, 6:2). Hg content was measured using a mercury analyzer. As a result, the contents of Hg and Cd in samples were lower than those of Pb and As. The average contents of Pb were 0.009 mg/kg in beef, 0.010 mg/kg in pork, 0.006 mg/kg in chicken, 0.007 mg/kg in duck, 0.005 mg/kg in ham, and 0.009 mg/kg in sausage. The average Cd contents were 0.0004 mg/kg in beef, 0.0004 mg/kg in pork, 0.0005 mg/kg in chicken, 0.0012 mg/kg in duck, 0.0015 mg/kg in ham, and 0.0019 mg/kg in sausage. The average As contents were 0.016 mg/kg in beef, 0.004 mg/kg in pork, 0.021 mg/kg in chicken, 0.010 mg/kg in duck, 0.014 mg/kg in ham, and 0.018 mg/kg in sausage. The average Hg contents were 0.713 ${\mu}g/kg$ in beef, 0.902 ${\mu}g/kg$ in pork, 0.710 ${\mu}g/kg$ in chicken, 0.796 ${\mu}g/kg$ in duck, 1.141 ${\mu}g/kg$ in ham, and 1.052 ${\mu}g/kg$ in sausage. Based on the results of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005, the levels of dietary exposure to heavy metal contaminants in meat and meat products were compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The average dietary exposure of the general population from meat and meat products was 0.03-0.2% of PTWI for Pb, Cd, As, and Hg, which indicates a safe level for public health at present.

Study on the Contents of Trace Elements in Foods (on the Trace Element Contents of Shellfish in Korean coastal Water) (식품중의 미량금속에 관한 연구조사 (연안 견류중의 중금속 함유량에 관하여))

  • 백덕우;권우창;원경풍;김준한;김오한;소유섭;김영주;박건상;성덕화
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.7-18
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    • 1988
  • In 1987, the level of heavy metals were determined ina total of 200 samples of 9 species of shellfish of Korea. The samples were collected at the fish. markets by 10 Public Institute of Health. The samples were whelk (Buccinum striatiBBimum), oyster (Crassostrea gigas), ark shell(Tegillarca granesa), shartnecked clam (Venerupis semidecussta), hard clam (Meretrix lusoria), top shell (Turbo cornutus), abalone (Haliotis gigantea), ark shell (Scapharea broughtonii), sea-mussel (Mytilus conuscus gould), respectively. The levels of total mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc and manganese were determined. The total mercury levels were determined by mercury analyzer using the combustion gold amalgamation method. The arsenic level were determined by spectrophotometry using colorimetric sil ver diethyldithiocarbamate method after dry ash dige8tion of the samples with magnesium oxide and magnesium nitrate. The levels of other metals were determined by inductively coupled pluma spectrophotometry after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid and su1furic acid. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The overallranges and mean(ppm) were; Hg, ND-O.221 (0.036); Pb, 0.05-1.51 (0.37); Cd, 0.02-1.86 (0.61); As, 0.5-3.97 (1.22); Cu, 0.14-54.16 (4.93); Zn, 7.40-207.17 (30.09); Mn, 0.13-s.72 (3.40). 2. The levels of all 6 metals were found to be below the maximum permissible Iimits set by the Japan lor mercury, the Netherland for lead the Hong Kong for cadmium. The Finland for Arsenic no statutory Iimits for Zn and Mn in shellfish in any countries. 3. The results show that all the 9 species of shellfish studied, none have accumulated levels dangerous enough to pose a health problem.roblem.

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