• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.563-572
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and related factors of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean medicine hospital. The 716 subjects were analyzed using biochemical data and survey who took medical examination in Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital for general health check-up. This investigation was conducted from February in 2008 to July in 2010. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the definition by the NCEP ATP III. The abdominal obesity guidelines for waist circumference applied by the WHO Western Pacific Region, IASO and IOTF: The Asia-Pacific Perspective in 2000. Incidence of metabolic syndrome was 12% (14.6% in men, 8.2% in women). The groups that have two metabolic risk factors were 21.9% in men and 7.5% in women. The incidence increased with ageing. The mean of metabolic syndrome`s triglyceride was in hypertriglyceridemia, and that of their BMI in men was in primary obese and that of their AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP means were in abnormal liver function. Smokers in men have metabolic syndrome 10 times more than non-smokers in men. Exercisers that do the exercise once or twice a week in women have metabolic syndrome 0.2 times more than non-exerciser in women. Women that have family history of stroke, were associated with metabolic syndrome by $x^2$-test. Men that have family history of hypertension, have metabolic syndrome 4 times more than otherwise men. Men that have family history of diabetes mellitus, have metabolic syndrome 3 times more than otherwise men.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Objectives: Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the WHO-CHOICE(World Health Organization- CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) programme, and to consider the application of WHO-CHOICE programme in Korea, especially on the health promotion policy. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the contents of WHO-CHOICE programme in the previous studies, guidebook, and software. We also contacted WHO-CHOICE team at WHO to identify the contents not clearly presented in the documents. Results: The WHO-CHOICE programme is a standardized tool for analyzing and comparing the cost effectiveness of health promotion policies. It is composed of PopMod to measure the health effect of intervention and of CostIt to measure the cost. The cost of tobacco control policy in Korea was analyzed with the cooperation of WHO-CHOICE team preliminary, and the results were different with the results of tobacco control policy on western pacific region of WHO. Conclusions: The cost effectiveness study based on WHO-CHOICE programme could help decide a priority of health promotion policy for settings with limited resources. For the improvement of health, the future work on WHO-CHOICE programme need to be considered.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.387-398
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• 2010

This study shows that frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) around Korea in summer (June-September) has positive relation with Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the preceding April. In a positive AO phase, each of anomalous cyclone and anomalous anticyclone is developed in low latitude and middle latitude regions of East Asia from the preceding April to summer. As a result, while anomalous southeasterly around Korea serves as a steering flow that TCs move toward this area is strengthened, northwesterly that reinforced in southeastern area of East Asia plays a role in preventing TCs from moving toward this area. In addition, due to this distribution of pressure systems developed in this AO phase, TCs tend to occur, move and recurve in further northeastern region in the western North Pacific than TCs in a negative AO phase. On the contrary, TCs in a negative AO phase mainly move westward toward southern China or Indochina Peninsula from Philippines. Eventually, intensity of TCs is weaker than those in a positive AO phase due to the terrain effect caused by high passage frequency of TCs in mainland China.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

Objective : There are several terms on palpation such as cunkou(寸口), qikou(氣口), maikou(脈口). In traditional medicine dictionary or even WHO international standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the western pacific region, there are no discriminations about them. However, there are some differences in usages of cunkou, qikou, maikou at Maijing. Method : First, we searched usages of term, cunkou, qikou, maikou in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) and Maijing and compared the meanings. Result : Meanings of cunkou, qikou, maikou in Huangdineijing are pair with renying(人迎) and inch-bar-cubit on wrist. Meanings of cunkou in Maijing are pair with renying, inch-bar-cubit on wrist and only inch on wrist. Meanings of qikou, maikou in Maijing are inch-bar-cubit on wrist. Conclusion : Cunkou, qikou, maikou are known as same terms. However, scholars have to be cautious when they use cunkou, qikou, maikou term and comprehend those in book.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.67-82
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• 2010

Globalization describes a process by which regional cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication. In order to communicate among different cultural groups, standardization of terminology is one of the most important steps among its processes. In the field of oriental medicine, there have been continuous efforts to communicate through various methods. Translation of oriental medical classics is one of the significant approaches in terms of transmitting medical theories and clinical experiences of thousands of years to the people of different cultural backgrounds. However, previous translation studies have had difficulties in delivering its underlying principles and assumptions due to lack of standardization of terminology. "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(WHO-IST)" is the outcome of developing standard terminologies on oriental medicine based on mutual agreement of researchers of Korea, China and Japan. As a movement to find more efficient methodology for communication between heterogeneous communities, this study aims to translate parts of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" into English adopting "WHO-IST" hoping to set a model of translation study.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.187-202
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• 2009

The globalization of oriental medicine can be interpreted as the work of making its own contents able to be communicated among global heterogeneous cultural groups. In the field of oriental medical classics the work is to translate its classics into English and introduce them to researchers of oriental medicine in the world, which is essential in order to stimulate global academic communication in that the classics are the prototype as well as the source of oriental medical knowledge for thousands of years. Previous English translation studies have had limits in that terms used were not based on mutual agreement. Now "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(WHO-IST)" is the outcome of developing standard terminologies on oriental medicine contributed by researchers of Korea, China and Japan. The study aims to translate parts of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" into English adopting "WHO-IST" hoping to set a model of translation study which can be communicated universally.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.545-555
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• 2007

Ocean general circulation model developed by GFDL on the basis of MOM4 of FMS are examined and evaluated in order to elucidate the global ocean status. The model employs a tripolar grid system to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering. The meridional resolution gradually increases from $1/3^{\circ}$ at the equator to $1^{\circ}$ at $30^{\circ}N(S)$. Other horizontal grids have the constant $1^{\circ}$ and vertical grids with 50 levels. The ocean is also coupled to the GFDL sea ice model. It considers tidal effects along with fresh water and chlorophyll concentration. This model is integrated for a 100 year duration with 96 cpu forced by German OMIP and CORE dataset. Levitus, WOA01 climatology, serial CTD observations, WOCE and Argo data are all used for model validation. General features of the world ocean circulation are well simulated except for the western boundary and coastal region where strong advection or fresh water flux are dominant. However, we can find that information concerning chlorophyll and sea ice, newly applied to MOM4 as surface boundary condition, can be used to reduce a model bias near the equatorial and North Pacific ocean.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

Poor safety management in construction management may adversely affect cost, schedule and quality of a project. Heavy fines upon safety offence becomes a burden to the budget; losing working hours as a result of safety incident impacts on the schedule, and compromising quality is always an indirect consequence when workers perform duties in an unsafe site environment. Therefore, promotion of safety management becomes the top priority in any construction manager's agenda. Working safely will benefit construction project and lead to a "real" success. This paper is a case study, based upon "Geller's 10 principles for achieving a total safety culture", reviewing how a Hong Kong leading construction company fosters the safety culture and possesses a pleasant safety record over years. Its safety performance is not only well ahead the local industry, but also ranges top within the Asia Pacific region and comparable to those mature Western industries. The review concluded that safety culture is one of the major components in construction management and collaboration is the essence to realize this positive culture within an organization. Safety management is not merely a "top down" approach, but requires the positive "bottom up" actions from the other end. The successful story of this company can demonstrate the contribution of safety management in construction management.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

The Melanesian region in the western Pacific is dominated by complex plate tectonics, with the largest oceanic plateau, the OntongJava plateau, and a hotspot, the Caroline Islands. To better understand the complex geodynamics of the region, we estimate P- and S-velocity models and 𝛿 (V_P/V_S) model by using relative teleseismic travel times measured at seismometers on land and the seafloor. Our results show high-velocity anomalies in the subduction zones of the Melanesian region to a depth of about 400 km, which is thought to be subducting Solomon Sea, Bismarck, and Australian plates along plate boundaries. Along subduction zones, positive 𝛿 (V_P/V_S) anomalies are found, which may be caused by partial melting due to dehydration. A broad high-velocity anomaly is observed at 600 km depth below the Ontong-Java plateau, with a negative 𝛿 (V_P/V_S) anomaly. This is thought to be a viscous and dry remnant of the Pacific plate that subducted at 45-25 Ma, with a low volume of fluids due to dehydration for a long period in the mantle transition zone. Beneath the Caroline Islands, a strong low-velocity anomaly is obseved to a depth of 800 km and appears to be connected to the underside of the remnant Pacific plate in the mantle transition zone. This suggests that the mantle plume originating in the lower mantle has been redirected due to the interaction with the remnant Pacific plate and has reached its current location. The mantle plume also has a positive 𝛿 (V_P/V_S) anomaly, which is thought to be due to the influence of embedded fluids or partial melting. A high-velocity anomaly, interpreted as an effect of the thick lithosphere beneath the Ontong-Java plateau, is observed down to 300 km depth with a negative 𝛿 (V_P/V_S) anomaly, which likely indicate that little fluid remains in the melt residue accumulated in the lithosphere.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2012

Seafloor hydrothermal system occurs along the volcanic mid-ocean ridge, back-arc spreading center, and other submarine volcanic regions. The hydrothermal system is one of the fundamental processes controlling the transfer of energy and matter between crust/mantle and ocean; it forms hydrothermal vents where various deepsea biological communities are inhabited and precipitates metal sulfide deposits. Hydrothermal systems at convergence plate boundaries show diverse geochemical properties due to recycle of subducted material compared to simple systems at mid-ocean ridges. Sulfur isotopes can be used to evaluate such diversity in generation and evolution of hydrothermal system. In this paper, we review the sulfur isotope composition and geochemistry of hydrothermal precipitates sampled from several hydrothermal vents in the divergent plate boundaries in the western Pacific region. Both sulfide and sulfate minerals of the hydrothermal vents in the arc and backarc tectonic settings commonly show low sulfur isotope compositions, which can be attributed to input of magmatic $SO_2$ gas. Diversity in geochemistry of hydrothermal system suggests an active role of magma in the formation of seafloor hydrothermal system.