• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 1987

본 조사해역 퇴적물의 퇴적양상은 서측의 세립질 퇴적물과 남부의 조립질 퇴적물, 그리고 이 지역외에 세립질과 조립진 퇴적물이 혼합된 지역인 세부분으로 나눌 수 있다. 퇴적물의 분포상태는 서측이 주로 mud이고 남동측은 sandy mud와 muddy sand로 이루어져 있는 반면 최남부에는 사립질의 sand가 분포하는데, 이는 대체로 조류와 해류의 유속 및 유향과 지형적인 특성에 많은 영향을 받는것으로 보인다. 삼천포와 육지도 주변의 왜도가 negative skewness인 것은 강한 조류의 영향 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 욕지도 안쪽과 섬진강하구 퇴적물을 C-M diagram에 plot해 본 결과 섬진강하구와 육지도 동쪽을 제외하고는 대부분 pelagic suspension의 형태로 운반 되었으나, 창선도와 삼천포 사이의 수로에서는 예외적인 현상이 나타나는데 이는 강한 조류때문에 나타나는 winnowing효과 때문으로 생각된다. 조직 표준치의 상관계수가 $0.76\~0.92$ 로서 매우 양호한 음의 상관관계를 가진다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2000

This study adopts the phenomenological approach in order to explore the experience of urinary felt by the small island women and to find the meaning and structure of their experience, for the further understanding of them. This study succeeded in detecting five topics and three basic structure from eight participants, and followings are the comprehensive statement of them. The five topics include neglect of care after childbirth, unavoidable life in the tidal flat, shame which cannot be expressed even to their husbands, endless anxiety toward the expected future, and sad(dilemmatic) lived experience. The basic structure is that small island women who have urinary incontinence are apt to regard their disease as a natural destiny of women who fail to get adequate care after childbirth, and something to be endured to live in the seashore. They think of urinary incontinence as something so shameful that they cannot reveal it even to their husband and family. They believe that it even changes their personality since they must always stay alert in order to cope with the situation; for example, when it takes place unexpectedly, like too often to go to toilet, to change the underwears, to wake up in the middle of the night to go to toilet, to try not to laugh loudly, or to have showers. In addition, they accept it as a natural process of aging and incurable disease, and they consider themselves already ruined on the way of becoming uglier. They show dilemmatic abandonment: give it up unwillingly but at the same time think it is natural for others too. The unique experience of small island women with urinary incontinence implied in those statement are inseparable with the specific conditions for survival in the island. Unlike other diseases, it is considered the result of traditionally poor care after childbirth. However this misunderstanding that it is a natural phenomena for all the women who experience childbirth and aging and thereby incurable leads to an undesirable attitude toward urinary incontinence. According to the analysis, environmental conditions specific for small islands make the women there have distinct and unique experience concerned with urinary incontinence. Consequently, the future nursing plan for urinary incontinence in the small island area must be made and enforced with the consideration of these specific phenomenological meanings. Modern Korean nursing has basically been centered to hospital or urban areas. Besides, nursing intervention has long depended upon the research of western countries. This research, however, shows how greatly the regional and cultural characteristics influence the understanding of a certain disease, and is expected to make more specific and in-depth nursing approach enable for those who have urinary incontinence in small islands.

• 지구물리
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2004

남극반도와 남셰틀랜드군도 사이에 위치한 대륙주변부 분지인 브랜스필드분지는 중앙 동부 서부 분지 등 세 개의 분지로 형성되어 있다. 1995년 12월 동부분지에서 획득한 탄성파 자료에는 확장해령 및 기반암 상승부 단층 분지형태 퇴적층 지각 및 퇴적층의 변형 양상 다이아퍼 그리고 등수심 퇴적층 등 특징적인 지각구조들이 잘 나타난다. 디셉션섬과 브리지먼섬을 연결하는 중앙분지의 확장축은 브리지먼섬을 지나 동부분지의 중앙부까지는 연장되지만 동부분지의 북동부 지역에서는 확장작용과 관련없는 두꺼운 퇴적층이 쌓인 퇴적분지가 발달되어 있다. 이는 브랜스필드분지의 확장축을 따라 수행된 배호분지 확장작용이 동부분지의 중앙부까지만 진행되었음을 지시한다. 북동부 지역의 분지면에서는 분지 확장축과 직각방향인 남동 북서 방향으로 발달한 많은 단층작용은 현재 남동 북서 방향으로 진행되고 있는 쉐클턴파쇄대 단층운동과 연관된 것으로 생각된다. 남극판과 스코시아판의 경계에 가까운 동부분지에는 두 판의 경계를 따라 진행되고 있는 좌향이동단층작용에 의한 확장력이 전달됨에 따라 북동부 지역의 깊은 분지 양쪽 대륙주변부에 나타나는 정단층들과 다이아퍼 등과 같은 확장구조들이 형성된 것으로 해석된다.

• 복식
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• 제17권
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• pp.137-148
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• 1991

The use of bark cloth, made of the inner bark of certain trees, was widespread along tropical zones from the Africa to the Hawaii encompassing the globe. They include Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Polynesian Islands and South America. Among them the Hawaiian bark cloth, named Kapa(pronounced as tapa) was rated as the best quality and most admired. It has variety in designs and colors as well as the most sophistcated production methods. The distinct processes of kapa making are composed of two stages. The first is called first beating and it is a preparatory stage to beat the sea-water soaked bast. It was done with a round beater on a stone anvil. The second beating process was carried out with the squared beater and wooden anvil. The strips from the first beating was soaked again in the water and then beaten lightly to break up fibers. The craftmen laid a bundle of strips over the anvil and beat it into pieces of kapa. The second beater of Hawaii was the most characteristic one among bark cloth producing countries. On their surfaces were the engraved patterns, which were creation of theirs. These distinguished designs enabled them to produce the kapa with the thinner and finer texture and an elaboration of impressed designs known as "watermaks". The Hawaiian culture was self-sufficient one : Everything they used was of their own creation until 19th century. Among their inventions of printing designs on kapa are three most important and distinguished processes. They are the overlaying, the cord snapping and the block printing techniques. Their inventiveness as well as self sufficient environment made it possible to develop their fine art of the kapa making. It is said that the mass producing and cheap western technology of loom forced them to gradually abandon their traditional art and as a result this fine and valuable legacy of Hawaiian traditional kapa making technique is all but disappeared. However it is encouraging and heart warming to find that some of the people as well as specialized researchers pined together to form a group to try to reproduce the old kapa and study the traditional art. They consider the kapa as an expression of the ethnic identity with Hawaii's heritage as well as valuable art of human history.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-118
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• 2001

Studies on Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. This minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a Korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. It was described as a new species by Lee, Chai and Hong in 1993. The southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. The parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and 0.23-0.33 mm wide. and characterized by the presence of a ventral pit. The first intermediate host remains unknown, but the second intermediate host has been found to be the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Man and the Palearctic oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus have been shown to be natural definitive hosts , and wading birds including the Dentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are highly susceptible to experimental infection. Gerbils, hamsters, cats, and several strains of mice were also susceptible laboratory hosts. In experimentally infected mice, the parasites inhabit the small intestine, pinching and sucking the root of villi with their large oral suckers, but they did not invade beyond the mucosa in immunocompetent mice. However, they were found to invade the submucosa in immunosuppressed mice. Human G. seoi infections have been found in at least 25 localities; 23 islands on the Yellow Sea or the South Sea, and 2 western coastal villages. The highest Prevalence was found in a village on Aphaedo. Shinan-fun (49% e99 Positive rate) : other areas showed 0.8-25.3% prevalence. Infected people complained of variable degrees of gastrointestinal troubles and indigestion. The infection can be diagnosed by recovery of eggs in the feces; however, an expert is needed to identify the eggs. Praziquantel, 10mg/kg in single dose, is effective for treatment of human infections. Eating raw oysters in endemic areas should be avoided.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2011

굴업도는 면적 $1.71\;km^2$의 작은 섬이지만 멸종위기종인 왕은점표범나비가 많이 서식하고 있다. 이 연구는 굴업도에서 왕은점표범나비의 서식실태 파악을 위해 2010년에 방형구법, 표시-포획법과 선조사법으로 조사하였다. 조사가 충분하지 않았지만, 왕은점표범나비의 유충은 4,467마리 또는 6,700마리, 성충은 약 1,000마리가 서식하는 것으로 추정되었다. 왕은점표범나비는 최우점종으로 전체 나비 개체수의 32%를 차지하였다. 또한 총 28종의 나비가 발견되었고, 이 중 3종은 미접이었다. 1938년부터 2010년까지 전국의 왕은점표범나비 분포지를 시대별로 비교한 결과 2000년대 이후 급감하였으며, 현재 중북부 지역과 서해 도서지역에 제한적으로 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 굴업도에서 왕은점표범나비가 많이 서식하는 것은 자연상태의 초지가 많으며, 가축의 방목이 적당한 서식처를 제공하기 때문이다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

We measured the concentrations of five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and styrene) in the atmosphere during four seasonal campaigns at Deokjeok and Jeju Islands in the Yellow Sea from October 2005 to June 2006. Toluene was the most abundant aromatic hydrocarbon, with median of 0.24 ppb at Deokjeok and 0.20 ppb at Jeju, followed by benzene (0.21 ppb, 0.15 ppb) and m,p-xylene (0.06 ppb, 0.06 ppb). Aromatic hydrocarbon measurements exhibited the typical seasonality of the major emission sources, such as vehicle exhaust, solvent evaporation, and regional circulation patterns. The ratios of m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene of 1.57 at Deokjeok and 1.05 at Jeju reflected the degree of proximity to outflows of each source region, South Korea and China. The toluene/benzene ratios of 1.0 were consistently both on field observations and on the 3-D chemical model simulation, which is slightly higher than that in the Western Pacific area. It implied that the air over the Yellow Sea was influenced to a great extent by the surrounding areas. We confirmed that current emission inventories of aromatic hydrocarbons in Northeast Asia reasonably reproduced temporal and spatial variations of toluene and benzene over the Yellow Sea.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.223-233
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 지정학적인 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 자연환경적인 측면에서도 중요성을 가지는 연평도에 대해 해안지형을 중심으로 지형과 경관을 분석하고자 하였다. 연평도는 접근성이 제한되어 있고 군사적인 위험 때문에 자연 환경은 잘 보존되어 있지만 기존의 연구 성과는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구는 4일간의 현지 답사와 실내 조사의 결과를 토대로 한 것이며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 20개 주요 조사 대상 지형 중 60%인 12개가 1등급으로 판정되어 전체적으로 연평도의 지형적인 가치는 매우 우수한 것으로 판단된다. 2) 연평도는 해안지형은 파식대와 해식애가 특징적인 암석 해안, 만입부에 형성된 퇴적 해안과 해안 충적지, 갯벌지대와 부속 도서 등의 3가지 지형시스템으로 구분할 수 있다. 3) 연평도의 지형은 파랑의 영향으로 인해 북쪽과 서쪽이 높고 동쪽과 서쪽이 낮은 비대칭형이다. 4) 최근 연평도 남단의 갯벌지대에서 행해지는 각종 공사는 우수한 갯벌의 질을 저하시킬 것이다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2004

Sequential extraction was carried out on twenty two subsamples of three ferromanganese crusts from three seamounts (Lemkein, Lomilik, and Litakpooki) near the Marshall Islands in the western Pacific. The extraction was designed to fractionate Fe-Mn crust forming elements into low defined groups: (1) exchangeable and carbornate, (2) Mn-oxide, (3) Fe-oxyhyd.oxide, and (4) residual fraction. X-ray diffraction result shows that target material were well removed by each extraction step except for CFA in phosphatized crusts generation. According to chemical analysis of each leachate, most of elements in the Fe-Mn crusts are bound with two major phases. Mn, Ba, Co, Ni, Zn, (Fe, Sr, Cu, and V) are strongly bounded with Mn-oxide $({\delta}-MnO_2)$ phase, whereas Fe, Ti, Zr, Mo, Pb, Al, Cu,(V, P, and Zn) show chemical affinity with Fe-oxyhydroxide phase. This result indicates that significant amount of Al, Ti, and Zr can not be explained by detrital origin. Ca, Mg, K, and Sr mainly occur as exchangeable elements and/or carbonate phase. Outermost layer 1 and inner layer 2 which are both young crusts generations are similar in chemical speciations of elements. However, some of Fe-oxyhydroxide bounded elements (Pb, Y, Mo, Ba, Al, and V) in phosphatized innermost layer 3 are released during phosphatization and incorporated into phosphate (Pb, Y, Mo, and Ba) or Mn-oxide phase (Al and V). Our sequential extraction results reveal that chemical speciations of elements in the hydrogenetic crusts are more or less different from interelemental relationship calculated by statistical method based on bulk chemistry.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2005

천수만은 전형적인 반 폐쇄형만으로 수로, 사퇴, 작은 섬 그리고 갯벌 등 다양한 환경들이 있다. 1983년에서 1985년 사이에 건설된 서산 A와 B 방조제는 천수만 북부의 퇴적환경을 지속적으로 변화시켰을 것으로 보인다. 황도 갯벌과 주변 해역의 퇴적환경을 파악하기 위하여 2003년 6월과 10월에 표층과 주상 퇴적물을 채취하였다. 표층 퇴적물은 5개의 퇴적상으로 구성되어 있었다. 일반적으로 10월의 표층퇴적물은 6월과 비교하여 갯벌은 조립해 졌으나 주변 해역은 거의 변화가 없었다. 3개의 주상퇴적물의 퇴적상은 황도 주변 갯벌은 파랑과 조류 에너지가 상대적으로 높고, 조수로 근처의 갯벌은 에너지가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 황도 갯벌의 11개월 동안 단기 퇴적률은 중앙지역은 퇴적 되었으나, 갯벌의 동쪽 측면과 서쪽 측면은 침식된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 방조제에 의하여 조류 형태와 퇴적물 순환이 변화되었기 때문으로 보인다.