• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Quality attributes of welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) as affected by harvest timing (November, December 2006 and January 2007) and storage temperature (5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$) were investigated in terms of respiration rate, weight loss, decay rate, color, hardness, sensory quality. A higher respiration rate was found when welsh onions were harvested later and storage temperature was higher. A smaller weight loss was observed in welsh onions that were harvested in November and stored at temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, demonstrating a 9.35% reduction. In other words, there were a minimum difference of 2.15% and a maximum difference of 9.92% between the weight loss in test samples harvested in November and those of test samples harvested in other months. The decay rate was higher in welsh onions harvested in January. The degree of color was more stable in test samples kept at temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ than those kept at higher temperature (10 and $20^{\circ}C$). There were, however, no significant differences in color changes among test samples harvested at different times of the year. Thus color change is closely associated with temperature. Also, welsh onions were harvested in November and stored at temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ showed a good sensory quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.663-667
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• 1996

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) from Welsh onion was partially purified by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature of acid phosphatase from green onion were pH 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was the most stable at pH 6.0 and unstable above pH 9.0. The activation energy of the enzyme was determined to be 4.86kcal/mole. The enzyme utilized p-nitrophenyl phosphate most as a best substrate among tested possible substrates, while 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP were poor substrates for the enzyme. $K_{m.app.}$ of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate was identified as 0.87mM. Among metal ions and inhibitors tested, $Cr^{+++},\;Zn^{++},\;Cu^{++}$, molybdate and metavanadate ions inhibited the enzyme reaction drastically.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.526-534
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find out the effects of crude extracts from welsh onion, onion, chinese chives and garlic on the seedling growth of chrysanthemum, lettuce, rice, radish, chinese cabbage, cucumber and oriental melon. The crude extracts from Allium spp. inhibited the growth of chrysanthemum and lettuceseedlings at low concentration, the effect increased as the concentration grew higher, and especially in lettuce, the radicle growth was inhibited greater than the hypocotyl growth.The root extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives, and stem-leaf extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives and garlic significantly promoted the root growth of rice seedlings at 300∼700ppm and at 500∼1,000ppm, respectively, and the leaf sheath was elongated at low concentration of all extracts. The stem-leaf extracts from garlic and onion promoted the root and hypocotyl growth of chinese cabbage up to 2,000ppm or 3,000ppm. Root extracts from all Allium spp. promoted the elongation of chinese cabbage root up to 300∼700ppm, but they didn't influence its hypocotyl elongation. At low concentration of onion, garlic and chinese chives extracts, the growth of radish seedlings was highly promoted. The promotive effect, however, declined as the concentration increased. Only, extracts of chinese chives promoted the growth of radish seedling up to 5,000ppm. The stem-leaf extracts from onion and garlic promoted hypocotyl growth in pepper, up to 5,000ppm, but had little effect on other treatments. All of the extracts markedly promoted both root(main and lateral root) and hypocotyl growth in cucumber seedlings. A higher degree of promotion was made in the cucumber lateral root by onion and garlic extracts. The seedling growth of oriental melon was slightly increased by low concentration, but high concentration inhibited the root and hypocotyl growth.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 1999

A tandemly repeated DNA sequence was identified and characterized y the combined RAPD and FISH data from a total genomic DNA of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum). A clone containing this repeating sequence was selected and sequenced. This repeating unit of 314 bp inserted into pAf 072 contained 54.1% adenine and thymine residues, and showed the primer sequence used, 5'-GAAACGGGTG-3', in both terminals of the sequence. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using this tandemly repeated sequence as a probe indicated that the detected sites were coincident with the major C-banded constitutive heterochromatin in the terminal regions of both arms of all 6 chromosomes.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

In this study we tried to give a decision on propriety of working conditions, to present ideas on reducing work loads, and to grope for efficiency of agricultural works. For this we examined the actual working conditions of cultivating welsh onion in the summer ground. And we improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health by considering results of previous study and farmer's subjective sensation. And we measured. compared, and analyzed the farmer's work loads before and after improvement. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. According to examine the actual working conditions of cultivating welsh onion in the summer ground, farmers have experienced physical and mental chronic fatigue on the basis of farmer's appel to eye - fatigue and sun - burned skin on hot working environment including excessive ultraviolet rays, the rough ground condition, inconsistent arrangement of working stand and sorter, heavy - weared habits, and unsuitable working posture. 2. When we improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health, conformed the effects on important work efficiency index such as heart rate, electromyovolume, body temperature, and microclimate inside clothing and work loads were decreased by eliminating the hillock and obstacles of ground, decreasing the clothing weight, using proper clothing appliances such as hat and sunglasses, controlling height of working stand and sorter suitably, improving the working postures and methods as using assistant appliances, alloting the working time and sequence effectively and presenting the light gymnastic exercises and rest for fatigue restoration.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 1996

Occurrence and distribution of weeds were surveyed in autumn vegetable crops(Chinese cabbage, radish, cucumber and Welsh onion) in 16 cities or counties of Chungnam area during October and November 1995. Thirty weed species were occurred, and Rorippa globosa, Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis, Stellaria media, Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria sanguinalis and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum showed higher importance values among them. S. media, P. oleracea and A, aequalis var. amurensis were dominant in northwest coastal area, R globosa, D. sanguinalis and S. media in southwest coastal area, R globosa, A. aegualis var. amurensis and D. sanguinalis in northern area, and R globosa, A. aequalis var. amurensis and P. oleracea in southern area. S. media, R globosa and P. oleracea were dominant in Chinese cabbage fields, R globosa, Amaranthus retroflexus and S. media in radish fields, A. retroflexus, S. media and D. sanguinalis in cucumber fields, and R. globosa and P. oleracea in Welsh onion fields.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

Seasonal fluctuation of Beet armyworm, Spodoptem exigua, adults and larvae were momtored by pheromone trap and direct obseration in the welsh onion field, respecLively. Adult peaked on mid~late November and occurred 4 Limes a year by pheromone trap at Yesan, 1990. There were 3 peaks a year at Asan, 1991. The highest number of adults were caught on early September. In Suwon, the yearly number of adults caught by pheromone trap was high in the order of 1990, 1991, and 1992. In 1992, the moLh was initily caught on mid April by pheromone trap at Koheung, Chonnam, and it vms 3 month earlier than that at Suwon. The larvae of beet armyworm at welsh onion field at Asan, 1991 was first found on late June and gradually increased until mid September. The density at peak occurrence was about 20 individual per 100 hills of welsh onion. The peak of the larvae appeared 20 days after peak emergence of adult. It is expected that there are 4 times of occurrence when the first egg of beet armyworm IS laid on mid May at Suwon. It takes 48, 25, 23, and 58 days to complete 1st, 2nd, 3rd. and 4th generation, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the appropriate osmotic priming chemicals and their concentrations to improve germination of carrot, lettuce, onion, and Welsh onion seeds. Each chemical, including $KNO_3$, $KH_2PO_4$, $K_3PO_4$, NaOH, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, and PEG 8000, was tested at three to four concentrations. Percent germination, number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50), and mean number of days to germination (MDG) of primed seeds were compared with those of water-imbibed or nonprimed seeds. With the exception of 100 or 200 mM NaOH, other priming chemicals did not affect percent germination of carrot and lettuce seeds. However, the chemical priming did reduce T50 and MDG, especially with -0.5 MPa PEG 8000 for carrot and with 50 mM $K_3PO_4$ or 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ for lettuce. Among the chemicals with no influence on percent germination did 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ significantly reduced both T50 and MDG of onion seeds. No chemicals improved percent germination of Welsh onion seeds. Reduction in T50 and MDG was significant only with $KH_2PO_4$ and $Ca(NO_3)_2$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different nutrient solution temperatures on the growth and quality of welsh onion in winter season. The fresh weight increased with the increase of temperature within the range of 13-23$^{\circ}C$. The top length was longer 18 and 23$^{\circ}C$ than at 13$^{\circ}C$, the dry weight was the highest at 18$^{\circ}C$. The potassium content in plant was the highest at 18$^{\circ}C$, calcium and magnesium contents were higher at 13 and 18$^{\circ}C$ than at 23$^{\circ}C$. The vitamin C content decreased with the increase of nutrient solution temperature, but there was no statistical significance within treatments. The pyruvic acid was higher at 13 and 18$^{\circ}C$ than at 23$^{\circ}C$, while nitrate content was lower at 13 and 18$^{\circ}C$ than 23$^{\circ}C$. Therefore, for growth and quality of welsh onion, it was concluded that 18$^{\circ}C$ may be suitable nutrient solution temperature in winter season.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 1998

To investigate the hormetic effects of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation on the germination rate, Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L. cv. Eunchun and cv. Sukchangwoidae) seeds were irradiated at the dose of $0.5\;{\sim}24.0$ Gy with the ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation (Co-60). The germination rate of 'Eunchun' cultivar increased about 10% in the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation group compared with that of the control. In the 'Sukchangwoidae' cultivar, the germination rate of the 4 Gy irradiation group increased 40% more than that of the control. Broadly, it seemed that the hormetic effects of the low-dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation were taken more promisingly in the uncultivated soil than in the fertile soil. The germination rate from the paper towel and filter paper based cultivation increased 10% and 16% more, respectively, in the 1 Gy irradiation group than that in the control group. And the electric conductivities of the above groups supposed to be taken hormetic effects of the ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation were lower than those of the control group. From the above results, it is suggested that the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation ranged from 1 Gy to 10 Gy could have the hormetic effects on the germination rate related characters in Welsh onion seeds.