• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.144-159
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• 2020

This paper investigated the impact of grit on sustainable behavior and emotional well-being. A questionnaire about grit, sustainable behavior, and emotional well-being was administered to 273 undergraduate students in South Korea. To examine the association between the variables, this study used two spell out (SEM) comparison models. The results show that grit is positively related to sustainable behavior and emotional well-being. The effect of grit on emotional well-being was mediated by sustainable behavior. The effect of grit is higher on sustainable behavior than emotional well-being. In addition, sustainable behavior has a positive relationship to emotional well-being. The results show that the grit has an important implication for sustainable environment education and individual well-being.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The purposed of this was (1) to investigate the beliefs, attitudes and buying intention of well-known brand apparel among female college students, and (2) to identify the factors that might distinguish those who have high intention to purchase well-known brand apparel and those who have low intention in terms of individual characteristics and social influence. The data were collected trough questionnaire from random samples of 291 female college students. Statical analysis of factor analysis, χ²-test, t-test and multiple discriminant were performed in analyzing the data. 1. 63% of 291 respondents investigated were identified as having high intention to buy well-known brand apparel. 2. Those who have high intention to buy well-known brand apparel have significantly higher beliefs on well-known brand apparel. 3. Those who have high intention to buy well-known brand apparel have significantly more favorable attitude toward buying well-known brand apparel. 4. Two groups of high intention and low intention to buy well-known brand apparel have significantly different profiles in terms of social influences, values, personality and demographic variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 2014

The current study examined the relations between sixth-grade elementary school children's perceptions of daily hassles, optimistic thinking, and subjective well-being. This study also investigated the moderating effect of optimistic thinking on the relationship between daily hassles and subjective well-being. A total of 474 sixth-grade elementary school children participated in this study. First, children's daily hassles were negatively related to optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. As children perceived higher levels of daily hassles, they showed lower levels of optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. Children's optimistic thinking was positively related to subjective well-being. Second, children's optimistic thinking moderated the relations between daily hassles and subjective well-being. Specifically, for children with higher levels of optimistic thinking, their subjective well-being decreased with increasing levels of daily hassles related to parents and teachers. However, for children with lower levels of optimistic thinking, there was no relation between daily hassles and subjective well-being. These findings suggest that optimistic thinking could be an important means by which we could improve children's subjective well-being, especially when they experience higher levels of daily hassles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 1998

Retrograde well is a new process for ULSI fabrication. High energy ion implantation has been used for retrograde well formation. In this paper the forming condition for retrograde well using high energy ion implantation is compared with that for conventional well. TW signals for retrograde p-,n-well($900^{\circ}C$),after annealing are similar trends to those of conventional ones($1150^{\circ}C$), however the signals for RTA have the highest value because of small thermal budget. Junction depths of retrograde well are varied from about 1.2 to $3.0\{mu}m$ as for conventional well. The peak concentrations of retrograde well, however, are about 10 times higher in values than those of conventional ones so that they can be used as any types of potential barriers or gettering sites. The critical dose for phosphorus implantation in our experiments is between $3\times10^{13} and 1\times10^{14}/cm^2$. Under the above critical dose, there are many secondary defects near projected range such as dislocation lines and dislocation loops.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1036-1046
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spiritual well-being of hemodialysis patients and the correlation between spiritual well-being and demographic characteristics and disease related characteristics. The subjects for this study were 98 patients who were diagnosed as having chronic renal failure and were being treated at the hemodialysis units of three hospitals located in Seoul, Pusan and Taegu, Korea. Data were collected from October 27 1997 to November 15, 1997 by an investigator interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Palautizion and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale was used after some modification. The results of this study are as follows ; To analyze the differences between demographic characteristics, spiritual well-being, and disease characteristics and the spiritual well-being, T-test and ANOVA were used. 1. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being for the demographic characteristics of age (p=0.0145) religious affiliation(p=0.0001) and level of education(p=0.04). 2. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being for the disease characteristics perceived health status (p=0.0014) and vigor(p=0.01) 3. The mean score for spiritual well-being in hemodialysis patients was 57.10 of a possible range of 22-88. Among the components of spiritual well-being, the mean score for religions well-being was 27.01 of a possible range 11-44, and for existential well-being 30.09 of a possible range of 11-44. 4. Correlation between general characteristics and spiritual well-being showed that there were significantly positive correlations for level of education(p=0.0036), perceived health status(p=0.0001), vigor(p=0.0036) and religion(p=0.0004)

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.466-478
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• 2020

Background: Job training influences the overall working environment and worker's well-being. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between job training and subjective well-being in accordance with occupations and understand the influence of task characteristics-work creativity and task variety (WCTV)-on the effect of training. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey was conducted on 50,205 workers in the Republic of Korea. The World Health Oorganization-5 well-being index was used to measure their subjective well-being. The relationship between job training and subjective well-being was divided in accordance with the level of WCTV. Results: Training paid for by employer showed a negative effect on subjective well-being when received for more than 3 days (OR 0.88, p<0.01) in the last 12 months. Training paid for by oneself showed a positive linkage with well-being when the level of training was 1-3 days (Odds ratio = 1.55, p<0.001). This result showed different aspects in accordance with the level of WCTV. For the high WCTV group, the aforementioned results were reaffirmed, but for the group with low WCTV, job training did not show a statistically significant result on well-being. On-the-job training was not related to subjective well-being regardless of the level of WCTV. Conclusion: Job training had different effects on subjective well-being depending on the type and frequency of training, as well as the WCTV. It is imperative to comprehensively apply different types of job training in accordance with the characteristics of occupations to uplift workers' well-being.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.426-439
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and practice on well-being life and well-being related behaviors, and the various factors affecting well-being related behaviors such as purchasing food materials, food habits, eating out and daily routine activities. A survey was conducted by questionnaire and on a 5-point Likert scale. The subjects of this study were composed of 221 students and their 102 parents who were over 40 years residing in the Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Almost half of the subjects (47.4%) responded that they have good health conditions; to keep a good health condition, 41.2% of the subjects were exercising regularly and 20.4% of them kept diet control. In regard to the meaning of well-being, 66.6% of the subjects thought it is the lifestyle for physical and mental richness (children: 70.6%, parents: 57.8%). 30.3% of the subjects answered that the most important part of well-being was food related. The importance order was mental richness, food related things, physical health for children, and for the parents, it was food related things, physical health, mental richness. Most of population (45.8%) answered that they have a willingness for the pursuit of a well-being life. Among the well-being related behaviors, 69.7% of subjects have purchased items (children: 61.5%, parents: 87.3%). 37.2% of the subjects have acquired information from TV. The average well-being practice score was $61.01{\pm}10.36$. Children's scores were significantly lower than the parent's scores (p < 0.001). And the average practice score of 'purchasing food materials,' 'eating out,' 'food habits,' 'daily routine activities' were $15.3{\pm}3.3,\;15.5{\pm}3.1,\;16.8{\pm}3.3$ and $13.4{\pm}3.5$, respectively. Among five types of purchasing food materials, 'purchasing domestic agricultural food' was greatest ($3.64{\pm}0.91$) and 'purchasing of organic or low agricultural chemical food products' was lowest ($3.15{\pm}0.91$). In regard to food habits, 'eating rice and bread made of mixed grains' was greatest ($3.46{\pm}1.12$) and 'eating uncooked food or zen food' was lowest ($2.46{\pm}0.99$). The practice scores were significantly affected by gender (p < 0.05), monthly income (p < 0.01), educational level (p < 0.01), presence of disease (p < 0.05), subjective health condition (p < 0.05), well-being awareness (p < 0.001) and concern with well-being (p < 0.001). Well-being awareness scores and well-being practice scores are related positively. Therefore various programs in well-being education should be necessary in order to boost the authentic perceptions of well-being and well-being oriented behaviors in any socioeconomic situation, such as different generations; industrial companies producing well-being goods for consumer's needs and satisfaction; and government and local community create various conditions for well-being oriented behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.331-342
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• 1998

Nurses evaluate the physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being of a person when conducting an assessment and forming a plan of care. Nursing is a holistic approach to health and well-being. Implication for Nursing Practice : nurses must assess and support intrinsic religiosity and promote spiritual well-being in peoples coping with severe diseaser. The purpose of this study was to investigate spiritual well-being, hope and self-esteem of nursing students, and to identify spiritual well-being, hope and self-esteem the differences between nursing students of christian university and nursing students of non-christian university. The measurment tools for spiritual well-being, hope anf self-esteem were a self-report questionnaire. The collected data was prepared for computer analysis and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. General characteristics, spiritual well-being, hope and self-esteem are analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. For hypothesis testing t-test, Pearson correlation are used. The result of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score for spiritual well-being in the nursing students was 79.52 of a possible range of 20-120. And the mean score for hope was 58.18 of a possible range of 29-116, the mean score for self-esteem was 112.29 of a possible range of 30-150. 2. 'Nursing students of christian university will demonstrate higher spiritual well-being than the nursing students of nonchristian university' was rejected(t=1.01, p=.96). 3. 'Nursing students of christian university will demonstrate higher hope than the nursing students of nonchristian university' was rejected(t=1.71, p=.05). 4. 'Nursing students of christian university will demonstrate higher self-esteem than the nursing students of nonchristian' was rejected(t=1.53, p=.12). 5. 'The higher spiritual well-being, the higher hope' was rejected(r=-.664, p=.000). 6. 'The higher spiritual well-being score, the higher self-esteem' was supported(r=.487, p=.000).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

Today, consumers need more information of well-being related food with an increase of interests in health. Thus it is important to understand and provide well-being food related information to consumers. This study was performed to investigate consumer needs for well-being food related information. The needs scores (5-point Likert scale) to well-being food related information were high over all. The highest score was observed in 'disease care and diet therapy' (4.05 point). 'Functionality of well-being food' and 'safety and hazard of food' were followed having high scores (individually 4.00, 3.99 point). Female subjects had higher information needs than male subjects for well-being food related information such as 'balance of diet', 'nutrients' and 'recipe of well-being food'. The needs for well-being food related information increased by age, although subjects who were over 50 had a decrease in information needs. There was a significant positive correlation between the majority of well-being food related information and educational level. Information needs were not significantly different by income. Conclusively, well-being food related information should be provided to consumers according to the individual needs and ultimately consumers will improve their efficiency and satisfaction in using well-being food related information.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-empowerment and a existential spiritual well-being in pregnant women, and to provide the basic data for nursing intervention. The subjects were 182 women who visited 2 OBGY hospitals in Taegu, Korea and ranged in age from 21 to 40. The data was collected during the period from May 6th toMay 24th, 2002. The instruments were the revised existential spiritual well-being scale developed by Paloutzian and Ellison(1982). Originally the instruments were developed by Spreitzer(1995) and Jung Hea Joo(1998), who translated it into Korean. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean score of total empowerment was 3.72 and the subcategory 'meaning', had the highest score at 4.15. 2. Mean score of existential spiritual well- being was 4.16. 3. Existential spiritual well-being was positively related to self-empowerment (r=.400, P=000). 4. A significant statistical difference between education, religion and self-empowerment was found. 5. A significant statistical difference between hope of pregnancy and a existential spiritual well-being was found. 6. The most important variable affecting the existential spiritual well-being was meaning which accounted for 15% of the total variance in stepwise multiple regression analysed. Three variables, competence and hope of pregnancy accounted for 22% in existential spiritual well-being. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented : 1) Indeed, we should identify existential spiritual well-being for real meaning of spiritual well-being in future. 2) It is required to check the effect of existential spiritual well-being and self-empowerment through the repeated studies. 3) We need to take a serious view of the meaning affecting existential spiritual well-being in pregnant women.