• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2014

Since the emergence of domestically produced automobiles in 1964, the number of automobiles in circulation in South Korea has increased constantly. With this rapidly increasing number of automobiles, automobile-induced environmental pollution has become an issue of great concern, especially with regard to air pollution. Of the carbon composites contained in automobile exhaust gas, PAHs are known to be carcinogenic and highly deleterious to humans and thus need to be urgently mitigated. To address this issue of PAHs, this study was conducted to estimate qualitative of particulate PAHs contained in carbon composites in automobile exhaust gas, by capturing all particulate matter discharged from the latter. To allow for differentiated analyses, the automobiles investigated were divided into 4 groups: gasoline vehicle, motocycle, diesel vehicle, and LPG vehicle. Samples were analyzed using two methods. First, in-depth analysis was performed on organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) composites with analysis parameters, using the Thermal Optical Transmittance Method (NIOSH 5040). Second, for the examination of particulate PAHs, GC/MSD was used to analyze the 16 PAH species specified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyses yielded the findings that diesel vehicles had the highest mass concentration ($2,007{\mu}g/m^3$), followed by motocycle ($1,066{\mu}g/m^3$), LPG vehicle ($392{\mu}g/m^3$), and gasoline vehicles ($270{\mu}g/m^3$). The highest carbon concentrations in total particulate matter by vehicle weight were produced from LPG vehicle (79.8%), followed by gasoline vehicle (77.4%), motocycle (69.8%), and diesel vehicle (59.1%).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

출하취급과 출하차량 형태가 출하돈의 혈액성상과 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 개방형 트럭과 밀폐형 박스 트럭으로 구분하고 각각의 차량형태에 대하여 출하취급을 최대한 부드럽게 혹은 상차, 하차, 계류 과정에 전기봉 사용을 포함하여 고의적으로 거칠게 하는 그룹으로 나누어 체중 약 110kg에 출하되는 삼원교잡종 비육돈 144두를 공시하여 조사, 분석하였다. 모든 출하돈은 계류장 도착 후 3시간 동안 계류하였다. 혈액은 도축직후에 채취하였고 배최장근 시료는 도축 12시간 후 (overnight)에 채취하여 분석에 사용하였다. 출하돈의 스트레스와 관련된 혈중 glucose, cortisol, creatine kinase 및 lactate dehydrogenase 농도는 출하취급을 부드럽게 한 그룹에 비하여 고의적으로 거칠게 취급한 그룹에서 높았으며 결과적으로 PSE 발생율이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 출하차량은 출하돈의 스트레스 관련 혈액성상과 도체품질에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 부드러운 출하취급은 PSE 발생을 줄이기 위한 좋은 방법이 될 수 있다. 그러나 출하취급이 거칠면 혈중 스트레스 관련 지표들의 농도가 증가하여 동물복지를 나쁘게 할 수 있어 거친 취급은 반드시 피해야 할 것이다. 또한 출하차량은 출하돈의 스트레스와 도체품질 등 직접적인 측면보다는 외관, 악취 등 간접적인 측면에서 검토되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

This study has focused on the transfer of infants and Toddlers-protecting responsibilities from families to infants and Toddlers education agencies due to an increase of a double-income family and nuclear family. It is because there is insufficient safe play space from the moment when infants and Toddlers return from infants and Toddlers education agencies to home due to a high crowding of housing and increase of vehicle, and there can be difficulties to take responsibilities of infants and Toddlers safety with a mere recognition and effort of parent. Thus, to suggest a safety education through mutual contact between the communities and agencies supporting parent role in a level of social welfare, its potential has been identified through a frequency analysis on 60 participants of experimental group who have trained a safety education and 60 participants of control group who have not trained a safety education. As a result of frequency analysis, the increase in safety condition in Korea, safety and development of infants and Toddlers, safety of play materials, and safety knowledge on general part of facility safety has detected and the practice of safety and safety consciousness has also identified to be more effective. The results of this study has shown a potential to verify its efficacy if it is verified through an elaborative model of safety education based on parents of young infants and Toddlers family.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.411-429
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• 2015

The Korea Ministry of Environment has established an air quality standard for $PM_{2.5}$ in 2012 and it is effective from January 2015. In this study, we review various aspects of $PM_{2.5}$ in China, including its measurement, modeling, source apportionment, and health effect, and suggest future research directions for $PM_{2.5}$ studies in Korea. Measurements studies for $PM_{2.5}$ have examined organic marker compounds and $^{14}C$ as well as inorganic aerosols for distinguishing sources. Modeling results supported that the control of $PM_{2.5}$ pollution in big city needs effective cooperation between city and its surrounding regions. The major $PM_{2.5}$ sources in China have been identified to be secondary sulfur, motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, dust, biomass burning, and industrial sources, however, they have seasonal dependency. Especially, the severe haze pollution event during January 2013 over eastern and northern China was driven to a large extent by secondary aerosol formation. Short-term exposure to $PM_{2.5}$ is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as total non-accidental mortality. Considered previous $PM_{2.5}$ studies in China, analysis of specific organic species using online measurement, chamber experiment for secondary aerosol formation mechanism, and development of parameterizing this process in the model are needed to elucidate factors governing the abundance and composition of $PM_{2.5}$ in Korea.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2023

본 연구는 본격적인 우주 경쟁 시대에 중요 국가시설로 부각되고 있는 발사체 개발 시험시설의 변형, 폭발, 개조 등 형상변경 발생 시 효율적이고 체계적인 관리를 위한 형상관리 방법론을 개발하기 위한 연구이다. 형상관리 국제기준 분석을 통해 발사체 개발 시험시설에 적용할 형상관리 프로세스 프레임워크를 추출하고, 발사체 개발 시험시설의 라이프 사이클 엔지니어링을 수행한 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 국내 발사체 개발 시험시설의 운영·관리에 최적화된 형상관리 방법론을 제안하였다. 발사체 개발 시험시설에 대해 형상을 식별하고, 설계 요구조건에 의해 구축이 완료된 상태 이후에는 형상관리 담당, 형상관리 조직, 형상관리위원회를 통해 형상변경 사항에 대해 승인, 처리함으로써 발사체 개발 시험시설의 형상을 통제된 상태로 관리하고자 한다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

The Korean traffic systems for transportation vulnerable are still under development and their social life are limited even if the traffic environment systems are developed consistently. To secure his/her mobility right, it has been required to set up the particular system for the traffic welfare, for example the express and intercity bus operations for wheelchair users. The express and intercity bus development for wheelchair users based on the original bus model has been performed. This study has investigated the safety tolerance for the bus stiffness, rollover and side impact characteristics to ensure occupant safety using the finite element models. The wheelchair bus model showed the improved crashworthiness according to the partially reinforced structure and better safety tolerance for the wheelchair users.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

본 조사는 휠체어를 사용하는 장애인이 차량을 탑승할 때 휠체어 수납에 대한 불편함을 파악하여, 향후 관련 제품 개발에 개념설계를 하고자 실시하였다. 연구는 수동휠체어를 사용하고 있으며, 자가 운전을 할 수 있는 장애인 50명을 대상으로 직접 면담하는 설문조사 방식으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 설문에 참여한 88%의 장애인이 차량에 휠체어를 수납할 수 있는 보조 장치의 개발이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 이러한 장치로써 차량 트렁크에서 로봇팔이 차량의 운전석 문까지 나와서 휠체어를 트렁크에 수납하는 방법을 가장 선호하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Air pollution levels of gases and aerosol particles inside the Jeongneung and Hongjimun tunnels of the Naebu express way in Seoul were investigated through on-road measurement using a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) on February 8, 2011. The concentrations of $NO_x$, $CO_2$, number concentration of particles ranging 21-560 nm, and surface area of particles deposited on a human lung almost linearly increased with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance, and decreased rapidly before the tunnel exit. This trend was observed regardless of tunnel length and driving directions, which thought to be caused by semi-transverse ventilation facilities of the tunnels. The concentration increments per 1-m distance for $NO_x$, $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles ranging 21-560 nm were 0.61~0.80 ppb, 0.16~0.21 ppm, $0.20{\sim}0.29{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and 117~192 particles/$cm^3$, respectively. Average pollution levels inside the two tunnels for $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles >5.6 nm ranged 681~748 ppm, $246{\sim}381{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and $2.4{\sim}6.7{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$, respectively. In case of $NO_x$, the maximum concentration exceeded 1 ppm. These pollution levels inside the tunnels are much higher than those at urban background sites. This result can be utilized as basic data to evaluate the effectiveness of present ventilation system for reducing the pollution level caused by vehicles inside the tunnels.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

In order to investigate the preliminary repeat oral dose toxicity and to determine the highest dosage for further 4-week repeated dose toxicity test, Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) has been showed various pharmacological effects, was orally administered to female and male rats, once a day for 14 days at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weights) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. The mortality and changes on the body weights, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry and gross observations were monitored with organ weight and histopathology of principle organs. As the results of 14-day repeated oral treatment of LMF, no LMF treatment related mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats, respectively. In addition, no noticeable changes on the body weight and clinical signs were detected except for significant decreases on the body weights and gains restricted to male 2,000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with male vehicle control. No meaningful changes on the organ weights, hematological, serum biochemistrical, gross and histopathological findings were observed. Therefore the highest dosage in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity test is suggested as 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-26
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• 2013

To understand the traffic emissions with high temporal and spatial resolutions on road, a mobile laboratory was developed. The objective of this study is to characterize on-road air pollution on Naebu express way surrounding the northern area of Seoul, Korea. We measured the number concentration of ultrafine particles larger than 5 nm and particle size distribution using a condensation particle counter and a fast mobility particle sizer, respectively on 3, 7, and 8 December 2009. The average ultrafine particle number concentration on the Naebu express way excluding tunnels was 126,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 4.2 times higher than that on internal road at Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul, and more than twice higher than that measured on and at the arterial roads of Seoul in previous studies. The maximum ultrafine particle number concentration was observed at the tunnel sections. It was 232,000 particles/$cm^3$ and 1.8 times higher than average ultrafine particle number concentration for the other sections on Naebu express way. The ultrafine particle number concentration on the wider roads with higher traffic volume along the Han River was similar to that in the residential section, probably because of enhanced dilution effect in widely open environment. The size distribution of particles on the Naebu express way was highly fluctuated for a short duration. Ultrafine particles measured at the tunnel showed a bimodal size distribution with mode diameters of ~10 nm and ~50 nm. At the Han riverside section, ~10 nm particles appeared significantly compared with size distribution at the tunnel. This on-road measurement approach can be utilized to manage vehicle-related air pollution in urban area.