• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2014

Home is a major living environment of children. In urban area, indoor air at home could be severely influenced by combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust and cooking. In this work, the air quality of a high-rise apartment was investigated by monitoring combustion-related air pollutants at both indoor and outdoor in winter of 2014. From 48-h continuous monitoring data, large amount of $NO_x$ was observed at the balcony of the high-rise apartment during the morning traffic hours. It deteriorated indoor air quality of the apartment. During the cooking activity, high peak episodes of ultrafine particles were seen. It was concluded that effects of vehicle exhaust and cooking activity on the indoor air of the high-rise apartment could be easily checked by $NO_x$ and ultrafine particle indicators, respectively.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-182
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• 2006

Science & Technology(S&T) personnel have been Playing a major role to develop our country since S&T is the most important factor in enhancing national competitiveness in the 21st century, As S&T activities are done by S&T personnel, it is essential to improve the welfare of S&T personnel in order to increase the performance of S&T activities. We should motivate them to pour their efforts and energy in S&T activities. However, the issue of S&T personnel's welfare has not been discussed sufficiently not only in academic research, but also in actual S&T policies. It has caused many social problems, for example, avoidance of S&T areas by young generation, low social recognition of S&T community, and so on. Under this background, this paper aims at investigating how to effectively improve S&T personnel's welfare. In this paper, we will suggest the 'Comprehensive Welfare Town for S&T personnel' as an effective instrument for improving of S&T personnel's welfare. In particular, we will discuss the detailed aspects of the comprehensive welfare town : objectives, strategies and budgets.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

Five on-road measurements were made using a mobile laboratory (ML) to characterize spatial and temporal air pollutant distributions over roads around a day-care center in urban area on 30 August 2013. Fixed monitoring was also done near the day-care center using the ML during the periods between on-road measurements. On-road air pollution monitoring route was classified into seven sections and three zones to identify severe polluted roads among many roads having different traffic volumes and directions. Typical pollutants emitted from vehicles such as $NO_x$, black carbon, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and submicron particles including nanoparticles were monitored using real-time instruments. Peak concentration episodes were frequently observed during the on-road measurements and most peaks were simultaneously monitored at four pollutants. Colored on-road air pollution map for each pollutant provides an insight on spatial air pollution distribution, showing heavily polluted roads and sections. Average on-road $NO_x$ concentration of each run was similar to that monitored at the nearest roadside air monitoring station.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.387-399
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• 2021

Welfare countries are making various attempts to actively use science and technology for social welfare, in this context, welfare technology can be used to improve the quality of life for not only the elderly and the disabled. The purpose of this study is to examine how social workers perceive welfare technology, how welfare technology can be applied to the social welfare field, and what future prospects are. In January, 2018, a focus group interview was conducted on 13 social workers of social welfare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi provincial. Data were collected and thematic analysis was conducted. As a result of this study, four categories and twelve sub-categories and 24 concepts were derived, namely, 'concept of welfare technology', 'necessity of welfare technology', 'utilization of welfare technology' and 'future prospect of welfare technology'. Based on the results of this study, I discussed and suggested for the development and activation of welfare technology in social welfare field.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.536-546
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• 2024

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of grain-based pecking blocks on productivity and welfare status at two commercial broiler welfare-certified farms. Methods: Production and welfare indicators were assessed at two farms (designated Farm A and B). Both farms had two windowless houses with forced tunnel-type ventilation and housed broilers at stocking densities of approximately 16.7 birds/m² (Farm A) and 16.8 birds/m² (Farm B). Each house was divided into two or three equal sections and was provided with or without pecking blocks. Grain-based pecking blocks, measuring 25 × 25 × 25 cm, were given to broilers in both farms at 1 block per 1,000 birds. Various parameters including productivity (body weight and flock uniformity), corticosterone levels (in fecal droppings and feathers), footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather dirtiness, gait score, litter quality, body surface temperature, and volatile fatty acids in fecal samples were assessed at 26 days of age, whereas litter quality was analyzed at 13 and 26 days of age. Results: There were no significant effects of providing pecking blocks on productivity (body weight and uniformity), fecal and feather corticosterone, welfare indicators (i.e., footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather cleanliness, and gait score), and litter quality (i.e., moisture, nitrogen, and pH). No differences in body surface temperature between the control and enrichment treatments were noted in Farm B, but body surface temperatures of the head (p = 0.029) and legs (p = 0.011) in the enrichment vs. control group were elevated in Farm A. Butyrate concentration in the enrichment vs control group was higher in Farm B (p = 0.023), but this effect was not detected in Farm A. Conclusion: It is concluded that grain-based pecking blocks did not affect performance and welfare indicators. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential impact of grain-based pecking blocks on gut health indicators.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.150-169
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• 2006

Science & Technology (S&T) personnel have played a major role to develop our country since S&T is the most important factor to increase national competitiveness in the 21st century. Therefore, it is very essential to increase the welfare of S&T personnel in order to increase national S&T and economic competitiveness. However, the welfare of S&T personnel has not been discussed sufficiently not only in academic research, but also in actual S&T policies. It has caused many. social problems (for example, avoiding fields of S&T of young generation, low social recognition of S&T community and so on). Under this background, this paper aims at investigating how to effectively improve S&T personnel's welfare. For this purpose, we deal with a theoretical review on the welfare of S&T personnel. After that, we will suggest 'Comprehensive Welfare Town for S&T Personnel' as a method of improving the welfare of S&T personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2021

In order for life-sports to develop sports policies need to be addressed in the conceptual categories of sports welfare policies. Beyond the concept of sports welfare, it must be recognized as an important part of general welfare to further increase the effectiveness of sports welfare policies. And for sports welfare policies to be effectively delivered to the target people, it need to be incorporated into a national-level policy system such as a general welfare system. In this study sports welfare governance and Exclusive Organization Policy Model was proposed as one of the ways in which sports welfare policies were incorporated into a national delivery system.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Air pollution levels of gases and aerosol particles inside the Jeongneung and Hongjimun tunnels of the Naebu express way in Seoul were investigated through on-road measurement using a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) on February 8, 2011. The concentrations of $NO_x$, $CO_2$, number concentration of particles ranging 21-560 nm, and surface area of particles deposited on a human lung almost linearly increased with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance, and decreased rapidly before the tunnel exit. This trend was observed regardless of tunnel length and driving directions, which thought to be caused by semi-transverse ventilation facilities of the tunnels. The concentration increments per 1-m distance for $NO_x$, $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles ranging 21-560 nm were 0.61~0.80 ppb, 0.16~0.21 ppm, $0.20{\sim}0.29{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and 117~192 particles/$cm^3$, respectively. Average pollution levels inside the two tunnels for $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles >5.6 nm ranged 681~748 ppm, $246{\sim}381{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and $2.4{\sim}6.7{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$, respectively. In case of $NO_x$, the maximum concentration exceeded 1 ppm. These pollution levels inside the tunnels are much higher than those at urban background sites. This result can be utilized as basic data to evaluate the effectiveness of present ventilation system for reducing the pollution level caused by vehicles inside the tunnels.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

We conducted investigations of the information and welfare of broiler chickens in Korea. The livestock housing of all broiler chicken farms were windowless type, bell feeder and nipple waterer were used, and stocking density was relatively higher (ranging from 18.2 $birds/m^2$ to 24.2 $birds/m^2$) than RSPCA's welfare standards for chicken hens (less than 19 $birds/m^2$). The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, slate, and steel plate in roofing materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, brick, and steel plate in wall materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of soil and concrete in flooring materials were 10% and 90%. The mist spray, fan, and cooling pad in cooling facilities were 42%, 32%, and 26%, respectively. Thus we believe that present data contribute to develop the animal welfare certification for broiler chickens and to improve animal welfare in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-80
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• 2010

Poultry welfare has recently appeared as worldwide concern as well as Korea. The recent action plan for farm animal welfare introduced by the European Commission intends to expand the body of regulatory standards. In this context, many countries and/or organization are on the verge of establishing the most optimum poultry welfare standards. To establish the most optimum standards, comparative analysis of feeding regimen before and after welfare-bestowed environment need to be preceded. Most guidelines or standards for poultry welfare do not suggest the nutritional requirements and feeding system in detail, although it is deterimental especially for the farmer. This review intends to find scientific base to establish detailed welfare feeding guidelines. However, only limited research has been conducted in the view of actual poultry welfare. The results indicated the incidence of SDS, ascites, skeletal dysfunctions caused by fast growth rate in broiler, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hen, and feed restriction in broiler breeder could be reduced by changing nutritional regimen and feeding strategies or both. The regimen and feeding strategies are certainly near to the direction that the poultry welfare ought to be in the right track. In this article, feeding and drinking guidelines in many standards as well as welfare feeding experiments have been reviewed and compared In the view of chicken productivity, welfare physiology and poultry health.