• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2021

Daily PM_2.5 was collected during summer period in 2020 in Gwangju to investigate its chemical and light absorption properties. In addition, real-time light absorption coefficients were observed using a dual-spot 7-wavelength aethalometer. During the study period, SO₄^2- was the most important contributor to PM_2.5, accounting for on average 33% (10-64%) of PM_2.5. The chemical form of SO₄^2- was appeared to be combination of 70% (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 30% NH₄HSO₄. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that SO₄^2- particles were dominated by local pollution, rather than regional transport from China. A combination of aethalometer-based and water-extracted brown carbon (BrC) absorption indicated that light absorption of BrC due to aerosol particles was 1.6 times higher than that due to water-soluble BrC, but the opposite result was found in absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values. Lower AAE value by aerosol BrC particles was due to the light absorption of aerosol BrC by both water-soluble and insoluble organic aerosols. The BrC light absorption was also influenced by both primary sources (e.g., traffic and biomass burning emissions) and secondary organic aerosol formation. Finally the ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of NH₄⁺, C-H groups, SO₄^2-, and HSO₄^2-. The presence of HSO₄^2- supports the result of the estimated composition ratio of inorganic sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and bisulfate (NH₄HSO₄).

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6D호
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• pp.761-770
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• 2009

철도는 다른 육상교통수단보다 에너지 효율성이 높은 환경 친화적인 교통수단이다. 예비타당성조사와 철도노선 선정 과정에서 에너지 효율성과 환경에 관한 문제들이 일반적으로 고려되고 있다. 철도노선 선정에서는 지형적인 특성 그리고 시설물의 관리와 운영을 중심으로 선정되고 있다. 철도노선선정에 영향을 미치는 환경관련 문제에 대해서 본 연구는 집중적으로 검토 분석하였다. 본 연구는 철도 및 환경전문가 그리고 철도 노선선정에 관련된 전문가 의견을 검토 분석하여 환경에 영향을 미치는 주요 항목의 가중치를 선정하였다. 환경 친화적인 철도노선을 선정하기 위하여 여러 대안이 비교되어야 하고 각 대안의 평가는 환경성을 검토하여야 한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 계층구조를 이용하여 복잡한 문제를 간단하고 객관적으로 결론 내리는데 용이한 AHP 기법을 이용하였다. 이에 따라 전문가에 의한 환경평가항목의 가중치를 기본값으로 정하고 GUI를 활용한 정량화 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2023

A groundwater potential map (GPM) was built for the Nakdonggang River Basin based on ten variables, including hydrogeologic unit, fault-line density, depth to groundwater, distance to surface water, lineament density, slope, stream drainage density, soil drainage, land cover, and annual rainfall. To integrate the thematic layers for GPM, the criteria were first weighted using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and then overlaid using the Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. Finally, the groundwater potential was categorized into five classes (very high (VH), high (H), moderate (M), low (L), very low (VL)) and verified by examining the specific capacity of individual wells on each class. The wells in the area categorized as VH showed the highest median specific capacity (5.2 m³/day/m), while the wells with specific capacity < 1.39 m³/day/m were distributed in the areas categorized as L or VL. The accuracy of GPM generated in the work looked acceptable, although the specific capacity data were not enough to verify GPM in the studied large watershed. To create GPMs for the determination of high-yield well locations, the resolution and reliability of thematic maps should be improved. Criterion values for groundwater potential should be established when machine learning or statistical models are used in the GPM evaluation process.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.630-641
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• 2023

본 연구는 쌀소비량 증가의 일환인 가공용 쌀가루를 비교하고자, 시중에 유통되고 있는 박력쌀가루(SRF), 바로미 2(FRF), 가루멥쌀(RF)을 이용하여 머핀을 제조하여보고 박력분(CON)을 대조군으로 하여 품질 및 기호도 특성을 확인하였다. 품질 특성은 입도 분석, 수분함량, pH, 색도, 비용적, 굽기손실률, 조직감, Image J를 실시하였고, 관능적 특성을 평가하기 위해 기호도 및 특성 강도 검사를 진행하였다. 머핀에 사용된 쌀가루의 입자 체적의 평균 직경은 CON, SRF, FRF, RF가 각각 44.79, 53.49, 84.94, 249.20 ㎛로 나타났다. 쌀가루의 종류를 달리하여 제조한 머핀의 수분함량은 CON, SRF, RF, FRF순으로 나타났다. pH는 쌀가루의 종류에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 머핀의 L값과 b값은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, a값은 RF군만 유의적으로 낮게 나타내었다. 비용적 및 굽기손실률은 입자크기가 작을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 조직감은 입자크기가 작을수록 경도, 검성, 씹힘성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 단면 및 기공 관찰 결과 입자크기가 작을수록 기공 수는 적어지고 기공의 크기는 커져 조직감 및 비용적에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기호도 평가 시 전반적인 기호도에서 SRF군이 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 쌀가루 머핀 제조 시 박력쌀가루를 사용하여 제조하는 것은 품질 및 기호도 특성에서 가장 우수한 것으로 평가되었으며, 이러한 결과는 향후 쌀 소비 촉진을 위한 다양한 쌀 가공식품 연구에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것이라고 생각된다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권6호
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• pp.1312-1326
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• 2022

목적 진행성 위암의 인접 장기 침범을 결정함에 있어 우측와위 CT의 추가적 가치를 살펴보았다. 대상과 방법 병리학적으로 입증된 T4a (p4a), 외과적 그리고 병리학적으로 입증된 T4b (sT4b, pT4b) 위암 환자 중 좌후사위 및 우측와위 자세가 포함된 프로토콜의 CT를 촬영한 환자 총 728명이 포함되었다. 2명의 영상의학과 전문의가 2주 간격으로 각각 우측와위 CT 없이, 우측와위 CT와 함께 좌후사위 CT를 분석하여 5점 척도를 사용하여 T 병기를 평가하고 종양과 인접 장기 사이의 "미끄러짐 징후"의 존재를 기록했다. 결과 564명의 환자(77.4%)가 pT4a로 진단되었다. 65명(8.9%)과 99명(13.6%)의 환자가 각각 pT4b, sT4b로 진단되었다. 좌후사위 CT 단독 분석에 비하여 우측와위 CT가 추가되었을 때, T4b와 T4a를 구별하기 위한 곡선 아래 면적(area under the curve; 이하 AUC) 값이 두 검토자 모두에서 유의하게 증가했다(Ps < 0.001). 하위집단분석에서 T4a와 췌장을 침범한 T4b 위암을 구별하기 위한 AUC 값 역시 두 검토자 모두에서 증가했다(Ps < 0.050). 관찰자 간 일치도 역시 향상되었다(가중 카파 계수, 0.296-0.444). 결론 진행위암에서 인접 장기 침범을 판단함에 있어, 우측와위 CT가 추가되었을 때 좌후사위 CT 단독 분석에 비해 더 높은 AUC 값과 관찰자 간 일치도를 보임으로써 추가적 가치가 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.959-975
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the agreement and reliability of estimating the volumes and normative percentiles (N%) of segmented brain regions among NeuroQuant (NQ), DeepBrain (DB), and FreeSurfer (FS) software programs, focusing on the comparison between NQ and DB. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional T1-weighted images of 145 participants (48 healthy participants, 50 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 47 patients with Alzheimer's disease) from a single medical center (SMC) dataset and 130 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset were included in this retrospective study. All images were analyzed with DB, NQ, and FS software to obtain volume estimates and N% of various segmented brain regions. We used Bland-Altman analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, reproducibility coefficient, effect size, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate inter-method agreement and reliability. Results: Among the three software programs, the Bland-Altman plot showed a substantial bias, the ICC showed a broad range of reliability (0.004-0.97), and repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant mean volume differences in all brain regions. Similarly, the volume differences of the three software programs had large effect sizes in most regions (0.73-5.51). The effect size was largest in the pallidum in both datasets and smallest in the thalamus and cerebral white matter in the SMC and ADNI datasets, respectively. N% of NQ and DB showed an unacceptably broad Bland-Altman limit of agreement in all brain regions and a very wide range of ICC values (-0.142-0.844) in most brain regions. Conclusion: NQ and DB showed significant differences in the measured volume and N%, with limited agreement and reliability for most brain regions. Therefore, users should be aware of the lack of interchangeability between these software programs when they are applied in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1281-1289
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• 2022

Objective: Radiomic modeling using multiple regions of interest in MRI of the brain to diagnose juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to develop and validate radiomics prediction models to distinguish patients with JME from healthy controls (HCs), and to evaluate the feasibility of a radiomics approach using MRI for diagnosing JME. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 JME patients (25.6 ± 8.5 years; female, 45.5%) and 32 HCs (28.9 ± 11.4 years; female, 50.0%) were randomly split (7:3 ratio) into a training (n = 90) and a test set (n = 39) group. Radiomic features were extracted from 22 regions of interest in the brain using the T1-weighted MRI based on clinical evidence. Predictive models were trained using seven modeling methods, including a light gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier, random forest, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and decision tree, with radiomics features in the training set. The performance of the models was validated and compared to the test set. The model with the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was chosen, and important features in the model were identified. Results: The seven tested radiomics models, including light gradient boosting machine, support vector classifier, random forest, logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, gradient boosting machine, and decision tree, showed AUROC values of 0.817, 0.807, 0.783, 0.779, 0.767, 0.762, and 0.672, respectively. The light gradient boosting machine with the highest AUROC, albeit without statistically significant differences from the other models in pairwise comparisons, had accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores of 0.795, 0.818, 0.931, and 0.871, respectively. Radiomic features, including the putamen and ventral diencephalon, were ranked as the most important for suggesting JME. Conclusion: Radiomic models using MRI were able to differentiate JME from HCs.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1334-1344
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• 2020

Objective: Compressed sensing (CS) has gained wide interest since it accelerates MRI acquisition. We aimed to compare the 3D post-contrast T1-weighted volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (VISTA) with CS (VISTA-CS) and without CS (VISTA-nonCS) in intracranial vessel wall MRIs (VW-MRI). Materials and Methods: From April 2017 to July 2018, 72 patients who underwent VW-MRI, including both VISTA-CS and VISTA-nonCS, were retrospectively enrolled. Wall and lumen volumes, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured from normal and lesion sites. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated overall image quality and degree of normal and lesion wall delineation with a four-point scale (scores ≥ 3 defined as acceptable). Results: Scan coverage was increased in VISTA-CS to cover both anterior and posterior circulations with a slightly shorter scan time compared to VISTA-nonCS (approximately 7 minutes vs. 8 minutes). Wall and lumen volumes were not significantly different with VISTA-CS or VISTA-nonCS (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.964-0.997). SNR was or trended towards significantly higher values in VISTA-CS than in VISTA-nonCS. At normal sites, CNR was not significantly different between two sequences (p = 0.907), whereas VISTA-CS provided lower CNR in lesion sites compared with VISTA-nonCS (p = 0.003). Subjective wall delineation was superior with VISTA-nonCS than with VISTA-CS (p = 0.019), although overall image quality did not differ (p = 0.297). The proportions of images with acceptable quality were not significantly different between VISTA-CS (83.3-97.8%) and VISTA-nonCS (75-100%). Conclusion: CS may be useful for intracranial VW-MRI as it allows for larger scan coverage with slightly shorter scan time without compromising image quality.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.1290-1308
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• 2023

목적 직장암 병기결정에서 직장 CT의 진단능을 고해상도 직장 MRI 및 병리결과와 비교분석 하였다. 대상과 방법 초음파 젤을 이용하여 직장을 팽창시킨 후 얻은 직장 CT와 고해상도 직장 MRI를 촬영한 66명의 직장암 환자가 포함되었다. 두 명의 위장관 영상의학과 의사가 직장 CT와 MRI에서 항문피부선/항문직장경계까지의 거리, 직장간막근막까지의 거리, 벽외침범 깊이, 직장간막외 림프절 침범, 벽외정맥침범, 및 T/N 병기를 평가하였다. 동시화학방사선요법을 시행 받지 않고 근치적 수술을 시행한 20명의 환자의 CT 소견을 병리결과와 비교하였다. 급내상관분석 및 카파 분석을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 결과 항문피부선/항문직장경계까지의 거리 측정에서 두 명의 영상의학과 의사 모두 CT와 MRI 간에 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 벽외침범 깊이, 직장간막근막까지의 거리, 림프절의 유무, 직장간막외 림프절 침범, 벽외정맥침범, T 병기 결정에서 CT와 MRI 간의 높은 일치도를 보였다. 수술을 시행받은 20명의 환자에서 T 병기, 측방절제연 침범, 벽외정맥침범, 림프절 전이 결정에서 CT는 병리결과와 만족할만한 일치율을 보였다. 결론 직장암 전용 CT는 직장암 환자의 병기 결정에 중요한 정보를 제공하며, 진단능은 고해상도 직장 MRI와 유사하다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain brain MRI images through Heavenly T₂ FLAIR and DWI techniques to find out strengths and weaknesses of each image. Data were analyzed on 13 normal people and 17 brain tumor patients. Philips Ingenia 3.0TCX was used as the equipment used for the inspection, and 32 Channel Head Coil was used to acquire data. Using Image J and Infinity PACS Data, 3mm² of gray matter, white matter, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and tumor areas were set and measured. Quantitative analysis measured SNR and CNR as an analysis method, and qualitative analysis evaluated overall image quality, lesion conspicuity, image distortion, susceptibility artifact and ghost artifact on a 5-point scale. The statistical significance of data analysis was that Wilcox-on Signed Rank Test and Paired t-test were executed, and the statistical program used was SPSS ver.22.0 and the p value was less than 0.05. In quantitative analysis, the SNR of gray matter, white matter, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and tumor of Heavily T₂ FLAIR is 41.45±0.13, 40.52±0.45, 41.44±0.51, 40.96±0.09, 35.28±0.46 and the CNR is 15.24±0.13, 16.75±0.23, 16.28±0.41, 15.83±0.17, 16.63±0.51. In DWI, SNR is 32.58±0.22, 36.75±0.17, 30.21±0.19, 35.83±0.11, 43.29±0.08, and CNR is 13.14±0.63, 14.21±0.31, 12.95±0.32, 11.73±0.09, 17.56±0.52. In normal tissues, Heavenly T₂ FLAIR obtained high results, but in disease evaluation, high results were obtained at DWI, b=1000 (p<0.05). In addition, in the qualitative analysis, overall image quality, lesion conspicuity, image distortion, susceptibility artifact and ghost artifact aspects of the Heavily T₂ FLAIR were evaluated, and 3.75±0.28, 2.29±0.24, 3.86±0.23, 4.08±0.21, 3.79±0.22 values were found, respectively, and 2.53±0.39, 4.13±0.29, 1.90±0.20, 1.81±0.21, 1.52±0.45 in DWI. As a result of qualitative analysis, overall image quality, image distortion, susceptibility artifact and ghost artifact were rated higher than DWI. However, DWI was evaluated higher in lesion conspicuity (p<0.05). In normal tissues, the level of Heavenly T₂ FLAIR was higher, but the DWI technique was higher in the evaluation of the disease (tumor). The two results were necessary techniques depending on the normal site and the location of the disease. In conclusion, statistically significant results were obtained from the two techniques. In quantitative and qualitative analysis, the two techniques had advantages and disadvantages, and in normal and disease evaluation, the two techniques produced useful results. These results are believed to be educational data for clinical basic evaluation and MRI in the future.