Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11629/jpaar.2021.17.4.091

Characterization of fine particulate matter during summer at an urban site in Gwangju using chemical, optical, and spectroscopic methods  

Son, Se-Chang (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University)
Park, Tae-Eon (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University)
Park, Seungshik (Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Particle and aerosol research / v.17, no.4, 2021 , pp. 91-106 More about this Journal
Abstract
Daily PM2.5 was collected during summer period in 2020 in Gwangju to investigate its chemical and light absorption properties. In addition, real-time light absorption coefficients were observed using a dual-spot 7-wavelength aethalometer. During the study period, SO42- was the most important contributor to PM2.5, accounting for on average 33% (10-64%) of PM2.5. The chemical form of SO42- was appeared to be combination of 70% (NH4)2SO4 and 30% NH4HSO4. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that SO42- particles were dominated by local pollution, rather than regional transport from China. A combination of aethalometer-based and water-extracted brown carbon (BrC) absorption indicated that light absorption of BrC due to aerosol particles was 1.6 times higher than that due to water-soluble BrC, but the opposite result was found in absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values. Lower AAE value by aerosol BrC particles was due to the light absorption of aerosol BrC by both water-soluble and insoluble organic aerosols. The BrC light absorption was also influenced by both primary sources (e.g., traffic and biomass burning emissions) and secondary organic aerosol formation. Finally the ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of NH4+, C-H groups, SO42-, and HSO42-. The presence of HSO42- supports the result of the estimated composition ratio of inorganic sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and bisulfate (NH4HSO4).
Keywords
$PM_{2.5}$; $(NH_4)_2SO_4$; $NH_4HSO_4$; CWT; BrC light absorption; and ATR-FTIR;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Ju, S., Yu, G.-H., Park, S., Lee, J.Y., Lee. S., Jee, J., Lee, G., and Lee, M. (2020). Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 measured during Fall at a Seosan site in Chungcheong province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 329-345.   DOI
2 Kim, H., Kim, J.Y., Jin, H.C., Lee, J.Y., and Lee, S.P. (2016). Seasonal variations in the light-absorbing properties of water-soluble and insoluble organic aerosols in Seoul, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 129, 234-242.   DOI
3 Allen, D.T., Palen, E.J., Haimov, M.I., Hering, S.V., and Young, J.R. (1994). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of aerosol collected in a low pressure impactor(LPI/FTIR): method development and field calibration, Aerosol Science and Technology, 21(4), 325-342.   DOI
4 Air Korea (https://www.airkorea.or.kr/web)
5 Li, S., Zhu, M., Yang, W., Tang, M., Huang, X., Yu, Y.,Fang, Yu, X., Yu, Q., Fu, X., Song, W., Zhang, Y., Bi, X., and Wang, X. (2018). Filter-based measurement of light absorption by brown carbon in PM2.5 in a megacity in South China, Science of The Total Environment, 633, 1360-1369.   DOI
6 Liu, K., and Ren, J. (2020). Seasonal characteristics of PM2.5 and its chemical species in the northern rural China, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(11), 1891-1901.   DOI
7 Maria, S.F., Russell, L.M., Turpin, B.J., Porcja, R.J., Campos, T.L., Weber, R.J., and Huebert, B.J. (2003). Source signatures of carbon monoxide and organic functional groups in Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) submicron aerosol types, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D23), 8637, doi:10.1029/2003JD003703.   DOI
8 Yu, J., Yu, G.-H., Park, S., and Bae, M.-S. (2017). Chemical and absorption characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon and humic-like substances in size-segregated particles from biomass burning emissions, Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 11(2), 96-106.   DOI
9 Park, S.S., Kleissl, J., Harrison, D., Kumar, V., Nair, N.P., Adam, M., Ondov, J., and Parlange, M. (2006). Characteristics of PM2.5 episodes revealed by semi-continuous measurements at the Baltimore Supersite at Ponca St., Aerosol Science and Technology, 40(10), 845-860.   DOI
10 Park, S.S., and Yu, J. (2016). Chemical and light absorption properties of humic-like substances from biomass burning emissions under controlled combustion experiments, Atmospheric Environment, 136, 114-122.   DOI
11 Soleimanian, E., Mousavi, A., Taghvaee, Si., Shafer, M, M., and Sioutas, C. (2020). Impact of secondary and primary particulate matter (PM) sources on the enhanced light absorption by brown carbon (BrC) particles in central Los Angeles, Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135902   DOI
12 Carslaw, D.C., and Ropkins, K. (2012). openair - An R package for air quality data analysis, Environmental Modelling & Software, 27-28, 52-61.   DOI
13 Chen, Y., Ge, X., Chen, H., Xie, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Z., Bao, M., Zhang, Y., and Chen, M. (2018). Seasonal light absorption properties of water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric fine paricles in Nanjing, China, Atmospheric Environment, 187, 230-240.   DOI
14 Chen, Y., Xie, X., Shi, Z., Li, Y., Gai, X., Wang, J., Li, H., Wu, Y., Zhao, X., Chen, M., and Ge, X. (2020). Brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Yangzhou, China: Light absorption properties and source apportionment, Atmospheric Research, 20(244), 105028.
15 Cheng, Y., He, K.-B., Du, Z.-Y., Engling, G., Liu, J.-M., Ma, Y.-L., Zheng, M., and Weber, R. (2016). The characteristics of brown carbon aerosol during winter in Beijing, Atmospheric Environment, 127, 355-364.   DOI
16 Park, S.S., Ondov, J.M., Harrison, D., and Nair, N.P. (2005). Seasonal and shorter-term variations in particulate atmospheric nitrate in Baltimore, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 2011-2020.   DOI
17 Mcinnes, L.M., Quinn, P.K., Covert, D.S., and Anderson, T.L., (1996). Gravimetric analysis, ionic composition, and associated water mass of the marine aerosol, Atmospheric Environment, 30(6), 869-884.   DOI
18 Medeiros, P.M., Conte, M.H., Weber, J.C., and Simoneit, B.R.T. (2006). Sugars as source indicators of biogenic organic carbon in aerosols collected above the Howland Experimental Forest, Maine, Atmospheric Environment, 40(9), 1694-1705.   DOI
19 Wang, X., Hu, Z., Adeosun, A. Liu, B., Ruan, R., Li, S., and Tan, H. (2018a). Particulate matter emission and K/S/Cl transformation during biomass combustion in an entrained flow reactor, Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(6), 835-844.   DOI
20 Drinovec, L., Mocnik, G., Zotter, P., Prevot, A.S.H., Ruckstuhl, C., Coz, E., Rupakheti, M., Sciare, J., Muller, T., Wiedensohler, A., and Hansen, A.D.A. (2015). The "dual-spot"Aethalometer: an improved measurement of aerosol black carbon with real-time loading compensation, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8, 1965-1979.   DOI
21 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). ftp://arlftp.arlhq.noaa.gov/pub/archives/gdas1
22 Wang, J., Nie, W., Cheng, Y., Shen, Y., Chi, X., Wang, J., Huang, X., Xie, Y., Sun, P., Xu, Z., Qi, X., Su, H., and Ding, A. (2018b). Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption AngstrOm exponent segregation method, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(12), 9061-9074.   DOI
23 Yu, G.-H., Park, S.-S., and Lee, K.-H. (2019). Light absorption characteristics of fine particles using a real-time optical absorption measurement instrument at a seashore wharf, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 35(5), 564-576.   DOI
24 Yin, L., Niu, Z., Chen, X., Chen, J., Zhang, F., and Xu, L. (2014). Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 in the coastal urban agglomeration along the Western Taiwan Strait Region, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(7), 5141-5156.   DOI
25 Yu, G.-H., Yu, J.-M., and Park, S.-S. (2018a). Estimation of light absorption by brown carbon particles using multi-wavelength dual-spot aethalometer, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 34(2), 207-222.   DOI
26 Yu, G.-H., Park, S.-S., Jung, S.A., Jo, M.R., Lim, Y.J., Shin, H.J., Lee, S.B., and Ghim, Y.S. (2018b). Investigation on characteristics of high PM2.5 pollution occurred during October 2015 in Gwangju, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 34(4), 567-587.   DOI
27 Zhang, T., Shen, Z., Zhang, L., Tang, Z., Zhang, Q., Chen, Q., Lei, Y., Zeng, Y., Xu, H., and Cao, J. (2020). PM2.5 Humic-like substances over Xi'an, China: Optical properties, chemical functional group, and source identification, Atmospheric Research, 234(D5), 104784.   DOI
28 Zhou, Y., Xiao, H., Guan, H., Zheng, N., Zhang, Z., Tian, J., Qu, L., Zhao, J., and Xiao, H. (2020). Chemical composition and seasonal variations of PM2.5 in an urban environment in Kunming, SW China: Importance of prevailing westerlies in cold season, Atmospheric Environment, 237, 117704.   DOI
29 Park S., Hong, H,D,T., Cho, S,Y., and Bae, M,-S. (2020b). Chemical Composition and light absorption of PM2.5 observed at two sites near a busy road during summer and winter, Applied Sciences, 10(14), 4858, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10144858.   DOI
30 Park S., Lee, G., and Lee, M. (2020a). Light absorption of PM2.5 observed during fall at a Seosan site in Chungchoeng province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 404-413.   DOI
31 Possanzini, M., Buttini, P., and Palo, V.D. (1988). Characterization of a rural area in terms of dry and wet deposition, Science of the Total Environment, 74, 111-120.   DOI
32 Son, S.-C., Bae, M.-S., and Park, S.-S. (2015). Chemical characteristics and formation pathways of Humic Like Substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 in an urban area, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 31(3), 239-254.   DOI
33 Son, S.-C., Yu, G.-H., Park. S., and Lee. S. (2020). Analysis of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 during spring in Gwangju using attenuated total reflectance FTIR technique, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(2), 171-184.   DOI
34 Tao, T., Sun, N., Li, X., Zhao, Z., Ma, S., Huang, H., Ye, Z., and Ge, X. (2021). Chemical and optical characteristics and sources of PM2.5 Humic-Like Substances at industrial and suburban sites in Changzhou, China, Atmosphere, 12(2), 276, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020276.   DOI
35 Kim, J.-A., Lim, S., Shang, X., Lee, M., Kang, K.-S., and Chim, Y.S. (2020). Characteristic of PM2.5 chemical composition and high-concentration episodes observed in Jeju from 2013 to 2016, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 388-403.   DOI
36 Du, H., Kong, L., Cheng, T., Chen, J., Yang, X., Zhang, R., Han, Z., Yan, Z., and Ma, Y. (2010). Insights into ammonium particle-to-gas conversion: Non-sulfte Ammonium coupling with nitrate and chloride, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 10(6), 589-595.   DOI
37 Varrica, D., Tamburo, E., Vultaggio, M., and Carlo, I.D. (2019). ATR-FTIR spectral analysis and soluble components of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter over the urban area of Palermo (Italy) during normal days and Saharan event, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2507.   DOI
38 Virkkula, A., Teinila, K., Hillamo, R., Kerminen, V.-M., Saarikoski, S., Aurela, M., Koponen, I.K., and Kulmala, M., (2006). Chemical size distributions of boundary layer aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean and at an Antarctic site, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D05306.   DOI
39 Wang, Y,Q., Zhang, W,Y., and Draxler, R,R. (2009). TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data, Environmental Modelling and Software, 24(8), 938-939.   DOI
40 Corrigan, A.L., Russell, L.M., Takahama, S., Aijala, M., Ehn, M., Junninen, H., Rinne, J., Petaja, T., Kulmala, M., and Vogel, A.L. (2013). Biogenic and biomass burning organic aerosol in a boreal forest at Hyytiala, Finland, during HUMPPA-COPEC 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry Physics, 13, 12233-12256.   DOI
41 Geng, X., Mo, Y., Li, J., Zhong, G., Tang, J., Jiang, H., Ding, X., Malik, R.N., and Zhang, G. (2020). Source apportionment of water-soluble brown carbon in aerosols over the northern South China Sea: Influence from land outflow, SOA formation and marine emission, Atmospheric Environment, 229, 117484.
42 Hecobian, A., Zhang, X., Zheng, M., Frank, N., Edgerton, E.S., and Weber, R.J. (2010). Water-soluble organic aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(13), 5965-5977.   DOI