• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2013

기후변화는 기온, 강수량, 일사량 등을 변화시켜 잡초의 생육에 영향을 많이 미치며 잡초발생의 변화를 가져올 것이다. 논에 발생하는 문제잡초의 대부분이 C4 식물이며 이는 기후변화에 의해 문제잡초 발생이 많아지며 잡초방제에도 많은 어려움이 있을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 논 잡초발생 현황을 조사하여 문제잡초의 향후 변화양상에 대비하고 자 수행하였다. 경기북부 논 잡초 조사결과 23과 41속 57종 7변종 1품종으로 총 65분류군이 조사되었고 전체 식물중에 일년생 식물은 46종이고 다년생 식물을 16종으로 분석되었다. 이중 사초과가 23.1%로 가장 비율이 높았으며 벼과, 마디풀과, 국화과 순으로 나타났다. 중요치 분석에서는 돌피가 가장 높았으며 여뀌바늘, 좀개구리밥, 물달개비, 사마귀풀순으로 분석되었다. 지역별로는 가평군, 고양시, 파주시, 의정부시, 김포시, 양주시에서는 돌피의 중요치가 높았으며 남양주시는 물달개비, 연천군은 사마귀풀, 동두천시, 포천시는 좀개구리밥의 중요치가 높았다. TWINSPAN 분석을 통한 시군의 잡초종의 유사성은 바람하늘지기, 마디꽃, 병아리방동사니에 의해 지역이 구분되었다. CCA 분석에서 잡초종과 토양환경을 이용한 지역간의 차이는 김포시가 높은 토양 EC와 파대가리, 애기부들에 의해 구분되고 남양주시가 낮은 토양 온도조건과 미꾸리낚시, 통발에 의해 다른 지역과 구별되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1997

Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.471-481
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• 1995

The weed population dynamics as affected by contrasting conventional tillege (CT) and no-tillage (NT) practices with a minimum herbicide application was studied in Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. Common chickweed (Stellaria media) was the most common spring weed while johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) accounted for 89∼97％ of net production during summers of 1983 and 1984. Total weed production in summer of 1984 was 2∼5 times greater than that of 1983. Weed production was greater in NT plots than in CT plots in summer of 1983, but reverse was the case in summer of 1984. In spring, net production in NT plots was greater than that in CT plots, especially, in 1985. Species diversity was consistently higher in NT plots, but in the wet summer of 1984 the pattern was different, with higher diversity in CT plots. Weed species diversity was higher in the spring rye crop than in the summer grain sorghum crop. The larger but less diverse weed populations in summer of 1984 indicated that these populations experienced competitive exclusion. Under the favorable summer moisture conditions the three dominant species grew so vigorously and quickly as to exclude many less common species that were able to survive under the drier conditions in 1983. The three dominant species not only excluded other weeds in 1984 but also greatly reduced crop production. The perennial johnsongrass was equally successful, or even more so, in CT plots as in NT plots. Plowing did not kill johnsongrass rhizomes but tended to break them up, thus increasing the number of individual plants that appear after the plowing. It means that johnsongrass was not controlled by the plowing. In summer of 1983, a moderate amount of weedy growth was maintained with a minimum amount of gerbicide application in NT and CT plots. It is possible that a small mixed weed population would be beneficial by providing cover for predatory and parasitic arthropods, and by reducing soil temperature and moisture losses.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1994

Nepal, with its unique geographical and ecological features due to its abrupt rise in altitude, plays significant role in biological evolution. Existence of numerous wild relatives of the present-day cultivated agricultural crop plants in this small Himalayan nation may serve as a potential source of several yet unidentified desirable genes that are needed for future incorporation in the improvement of cultivated crop plants. This report includes 82 different wild relatives of 41 genera under 19 families of 37 agricultural crops of Nepal(Table 1). It serves as the sample of the glossary of these wild relatives of crop plants in Nepal. Under food grain crop plants of gramineae, leguminoceae and polygonaceae families, 16 different wild species namely wild rices(7 species), wild relatives of wheat plant(3 species), wild arhar(3 species), wild fingermillets(1 species) and wild buckwheat(2 species) have been identified in different parts of the country. Similarly, under vegetable crop plants of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Crucifereae, Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Labiteae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Umbellifereae, 37 different wild species-wild colocasia(1 species), wild amaranths(3 species), wild leafy vegetables(2 species), wild gourds(3 species), wild cucumber(1 species), wild yams(4 species), wild mints(3 species), wild fenugreeks(4 species), wild pea(1 species), wild beans(3 species), wild garlics(2 species), wild spinach(3 species), wild lady's finger(1 species), wild spinach(3 species), wild eggplants(2 species) and wild carrot(one species) have also been identified. In case of wild relatives of cultivated orchard plants, 11 different wild species namely wild mango(one species), wild banana(one species), wild strawberry(one species), wild pear(one species), wild cherries(2 species), wild apple(one species) and wild grapes(3 species) have been identified, Among 19 different wild species of economic crop plants, five wild species of sugarcane, one species of wild sunhemp, two wild relatives of cotton, three wild relatives of rose, two wild species of tobacco, four wild species of turmeric and two wild species of tea have also been identified. This report includes only sample of the total wild species of the present-day cultivated agricultural crop plants. Further exploration on this economic botany will help the country in cataloging the wild relatives of cultivated crop plants and their future use in crop improvement.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2015

유기농 사과과원에서 초생재배를 위해 활용할 수 있는 자생지피식물 선정을 위하여 세 가지 자생식물이 잡초의 발생 및 과실의 특성과 토양의 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 지피식물의 생육은 30 ㎝ (L) × 30 ㎝ (W) × 100 ㎝ (H) 밀도에서 측정되었으며, 조사 결과 긴병꽃풀의 초장과 건물중이 다른 식물체들에 비해서 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 토양 피복율이 낮았던 섬백리향과 좀씀바귀에서의 잡초 발생빈도와 발생량은 대조구와 거의 유사하였던 반면, 토양 피복율이 높았던 긴병꽃풀 처리구의 경우 대조구와 비교하여 잡초의 발생억제 효과가 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 긴병꽃풀의 개화기는 ‘쓰가루’ 사과 품종의 개화시기 일치하여 방화곤충의 유인을 증가시켰으며, 이에 따라 착과율의 증대 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 지피식물의 피복에 따른 나무의 생육과 과일의 특성의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 토양의 화학성분은 대조구에 비해 지피식물 처리구에서 유기물 함량과 인산 함량이 다소 높게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 시험결과 전반적으로 긴병꽃풀은 토양을 완전히 피복함으로써 잡초의 발생을 감소시켰고, 토양 화학성도 개선하여 사과 재배농가에 초생재배용 피복식물로서 활용 가능성이 큰 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2003

경기도의 축령산은 해발 879m로 광주산맥에 이어져 한국의 중부지역 북동부에 위치한다. 축령산 일대에는 한국의 특산식물 및 희귀 및 멸종위기식물 종이 흔히 분포하는 지역으로 널리 알려져 있다. 또한 북방계 식물과 남방계 식물의 한계선이 교차하는 식물지리학적으로 중요한 지역이다. 그러나 서울에서 거리가 가깝고 경관이 뛰어나 많은 관광객들의 탐방이 이어지고 있다. 대규모 관광객들의 지속적인 탐방은 등산로를 중심으로 주변 식생에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 인위적인 훼손에 직접적인 영향을 받는 등산로 주변의 잡초 군락에 대해 2001년 8월에서 2002년 9월까지 식물사회학적인 조사를 수행하여 등산로 주변에 형성된 군락을 유형화하고 그 환경조건을 분석하였다. 등산로 주변 잡초 군락은 6군락 4하위 단위로 구분되었다: A. 질경이 군락, A-a. 개망초 하위군락. A-b. 길뚝사초 하위군락. B. 큰개별꽃 군락, B-a. 대사초 군락. B-b. 가는네잎갈퀴 군락, C. 칡 군락, D. 조록싸리 군락, E. 산딸기 군락, F. 주름조개풀 군락. 이상의 군락을 구성하는 총 식물의 종류는 28과 83속 17변종 120종으로 조사되었다. 주요 출현 식물은 질경이, 개망초, 주걱망초, 칡. 조록싸리, 산딸기, 쑥, 제비쑥. 큰까치수염 등 주로 호광성이며 답압에 강한 식물들로 나타났다. 모든 조사구를 Bray-Curtis 서열법에 의해 서열화한 결과는 대체로 식물사회학적 표 조작에서 얻어진 결과와 유사하게 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.90-93
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• 2006

Innate defence mechanism in plants can be triggered and enhanced by certain agents, referred as inducers against broad range of pathogens. In the present study, Dravya (a sea weed extract) was highly compatible with commonly available synthetic fungicides, Bavistin and Dithane M-45. Incidence of Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae was also reduced to a greater extent in the paddy seed samples in Dravya treatment. Dravya also enhanced the seed germination and seedling vigour. Seedlings of treated samples also showed enhanced activity of peroxidase upon challenge inoculation with Alternaria padwickii. The enzyme activity was two fold high after the inoculation of pathogen. The suppression in disease incidence in growing plants indicated the promising effect of Dravya and Dithane M-45 under green-house condition.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1984

Chlorsulfuron (chemical name : 2-Chloro-N-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminocarbonyl-benzenesulfonamide) is a herbicidally active ingredient which shows effect against susceptible weeds already at such low rates like 5-20g active ingredient per hectare. In the here reported trials metabolism in several sensitive cultivated plants and weeds have been analysed using ^{14}C-labelled active ingredient. The uptake of chlorsulfuron by leaves or the root system is good in all plants species, and translocation takes place either symplasmatically or apoplasmatically. Metabolism takes place in all investigated plant species by development of hydrophile suhstances in roots and shoots. Decomposition of chlorsulfuron in roots and shoots of tolerant species (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) to polare substances takes place quantitatively faster and quicker than in susceptible species (Beta vulgaris and Matricaria chamomilla).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

This study was conducted to compare soybean growth and yield and the degree of weed emergence according to no-tillage and conventional tillage system in two different drained paddy fields, loam of Chilgok series and silty clay loam of Deokpyeong series. In both soil conditions, the maturing time of the soybeans by the no-tillage system was two days earlier than that by the conventional tillage system. In the loam of Chilgok series, the stem length of the soybeans in the no-tillage system was 5.7 cm longer than that in the conventional tillage system. The miss-planted rate and diseased plants of black root rot (Calonectria iliacola) in the no-tillage system were 9.2% and 2.8% lower, respectively than those in the conventional tillage system. Also, the nodulation and seed yield in the no-tillage system were 32% and 13% more, respectively, than those in the conventional tillage system. In the silty clay loam of Deokpyeong series, the stem length of the soybeans in the no-tillage system was 4.6cm shorter than in the conventional tillage system. The diseased plants of black root rot (Calonectria iliacola) in the no-tillage system were 4.2% lower than those in the conventional tillage system. Also, no significant difference in the seed yield between the no-tillage and conventional tillage systems was observed. On the other hand, there was a lower occurrence of weed in the no-tillage system than in the conventional tillage system, and the income increased by 19% owing to yield increase and reduced management costs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2023

An understanding of safety problems pursuant to environmental release of GM (Genetically Modified) crops is considered important. Among the recognized safety problems, the possibilities of weediness and ecosystem invasion are constantly being validated. We herein compared the growth characteristics and germination rate of soybeans formed by hybridization with vitamin A-enhanced soybeans carrying an introduced gene that increases β-carotene content. We also examined overwintering, survival, and weed competitiveness to evaluate hybrid ecological impact on long-term unmanaged cultivatable land. These studies revealed that the hybrid soybeans exhibited intermediate growth characteristics and germination rate compared with the vitamin A-enhanced soybeans and wild soybeans, or exhibited traits similar to those of the maternal strain. Overwintering experiments were conducted by planting seeds at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm and recovering them after three or five months. After five months, all seeds at depths more than 5 cm lost viability. Among seeds recovered after three months, only wild soybeans retained viability at depths of more than 5 cm. Survival and weed competitiveness were assessed by sowing each type of seed and performing no irrigation, or pest or weed control. Quantitative assessment of numbers of individual soybean plants that appeared in the experimental plot revealed that all plants germinated after sowing, but only wild type plants survived overwintering. These studies suggest that both GM soybeans and hybrid soybeans cannot survive in uncultivated land even if they are released into the environment, which indicates less possibility of ecosystem invasion and weediness.