• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2012

In this paper, the correlation which is at work between affecting factors and interpersonal relationships' dimension depend on developmental level has been studied to search for clues about how to develop the online based interpersonal relationships -the fundamental aims of SNS related services- efficiently. People who'd ever entered into a relation through the 'online-based generated relationship' by SNS were divided into two groups on the development level. They were conducted a survey, and the results were derived using PLS statistics. As the result, 7 kinds of factors as social attraction, physical attraction, reciprocity, content quality, coexistence perception, information provision and similarity had an impact on the initial level of relationships, and 6 kinds of factors as social attraction, physical attraction, reciprocity, content quality, web appearance and coexistence perception had an impact on the developed level of relationships. This study could be utilized for the service design for facilitating interpersonal relationships efficiently by their level of development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3403-3410
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• 2014

Context: Interest exits in whether TNF-alpha antagonists increase the risk of breast cancer and total malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To analyze the risk of malignancies, especially breast cancer, in patients with RA enrolled in randomized control trials (RCTs). Methods: A systematic literature search for RCTs from 1 January 1998 to 1 July 2013 from online databases, such as PubMed, WILEY, EMBASE, ISI web of knowledge and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies included RCTs that compared the safety of at least one dose of the five TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonists with placebo or methotrexate (MTX) (or TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonists plus MTX vs placebo plus MTX) in RA patients for more than 24 weeks and imported all the references into document management software EndNote${\times}6$. Two independent reviewers selected studies and extracted the data about study design, patients' characteristics and the type, number of all malignancies. Results: 28 RCTs from 34 records with 11,741 patients were analyzed. Of the total, 97 developed at least one malignancy during the double-blind trials, and breast cancer was observed in 17 patients (17.5% of total malignancies). However, there was no statistically significant increased risk observed in either the per protocol (PP) model (OR 0.65, 95%CI [0.22, 1.93]) or the modified intention to treat (mITT) model (OR 0.75, 95%CI [0.25, 2.21]). There were also no significant trend for increased risk of total malignancies on anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ therapy administered at approved doses in either model (OR, 1.06, 95%CI [0.64, 1.75], and OR, 1.30, 95%CI [0.80, 2.14], respectively). As to the two models, modified intention to treat model analysis led to higher estimation than per protocol model analysis. Conclusions: This study did not find a significantly increased risk of breast cancer and total malignancies in adults RA patients treated with TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonists at approved doses. However, it cannot be ignored that more patients developed malignancies with TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonists therapy compared with patients with placebo or MTX, in spite of the lack of statistical significance, so that more strict clinical trials and long-term follow-up are needed, and both mITT and PP analyses should be used in such safety analyses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

Breast cancer risk assessment has developed during years and evaluation of genetic factor affecting risk of breast cancer is an important component of this risk assessment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) in risk of breast cancer among different population and categories of menopausal status.PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed Central were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating association between breast cancer and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln). Two authors independently extracted required information. Odds Ratios were pooled for four genetic inheritance models using both fixed and the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models. Egger's test and contour-enhanced funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias and small study effect. Additional subgroup analysis was performed for menopausal status, ethnicity, and source of controls. After evaluation and applying inclusion criteria on extracted studies, fifty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. For polymorphisms of Arg194Trp and Arg280His, no significant association was observed in all genetic models. Arg194Trp had a protective effect in post-menopausal status only in homozygote model (OR=0.57 [0.37-0.88]). Arg399Gln showed significant association with breast cancer in homozygote (OR=1.21 [1.10-1.34]), dominant (OR=1.09 [1.03-1.15]) and recessive (OR=1.21 [1.09- 1.35]) genetic models. Arg399Gln was associated with higher risk in post-menopausal status for homozygote and heterozygote models. Our findings suggest that XRCC1 gene polymorphisms modify breast cancer risk in different populations and different categories of menopausal status.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2011

In this paper, we present a novel method to use metadata based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for efficient data transfer between visual effects (VFX) and film editing. For transferring data to the VFX process, image sequences such as Cineon DPX or TGA are currently used in Korean post productions. The use of image sequences tends to increase rendering time and the amount of data for repetitive file format conversions, and as a result causes inefficiency in the entire production process. On the other hand, the use of metadata on the XML can reduce time and data because the repetitive rendering processes are not needed. This method can also be used at a variety of editing and VFX programs, and provides content information for combining online contents. The development of XML-base methods on the web enables flexible combination with other types of media.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

Recently, the use of mashup that integrates real-time data with spatial data such as tiled map and satellite imagery has been increased significantly. As the use of mashup has been extended to various fields of O2O, LBS, Smart City, and Autonomous Driving, the performance of mashup has become more important. Therefore, this study aims to compare and analyze the performance of various map platforms, when large amounts of real-time data are integrated with spatial data. Specifically, we compare the performance of most popular map platforms available in Korea, such as Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, Daum Map, Naver Map, olleh Map, and VWorld. We also compare the performance using most common web browsers of Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer. In the performance analysis, we measured and compared the initialization time of basic map and the mashup time of real-time data for the above map platforms. From analysis results, we could find that Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, VWorld, and olleh Map platforms showed a better performance than the others.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.6 s.109
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• pp.839-846
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• 2006

Context-aware adaptive service for overcoming the limitations of wireless devices and maintaining adequate service levels in changing environments is becoming an important issue. However, most existing studies concentrate on an adaptation module on the client, proxy, or server. These existing studies thus suffer from the problem of having the workload concentrated on a single system when the number of users increases md, and as a result, increases the response time to a user's request. Therefore, in this paper the adaptation module is dispersed and arranged over the client, proxy, and server. The module monitors the contort of the system and creates a proposition as to the dispersed adaptation system in which the most adequate system for conducting operations. Through this method faster adaptation work will be made possible even when the numbers of users increase, and more stable system operation is made possible as the workload is divided. In order to evaluate the proposed system, a prototype is constructed and dispersed operations are tested using multimedia based learning content, simulating server overload and compared the response times and system stability with the existing server based adaptation method. The effectiveness of the system is confirmed through this results.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Recently, there have been many indexing schemes for multimedia data such as image, video data. But recent database applications, for example data mining and multimedia database, are required to support multi-user environment. In order for indexing schemes to be useful in multi-user environment, a concurrency control algorithm is required to handle it. So we propose a concurrency control algorithm that can be applied to CBF (cell-based filtering method), which uses the signature of the cell for alleviating the dimensional curse problem. In addition, we extend the SHORE storage system of Wisconsin university in order to handle high-dimensional data. This extended SHORE storage system provides conventional storage manager functions, guarantees the integrity of high-dimensional data and is flexible to the large scale of feature vectors for preventing the usage of large main memory. Finally, we implement the web-based image retrieval system by using the extended SHORE storage system. The key feature of this system is platform-independent access to the high-dimensional data as well as functionality of efficient content-based queries. Lastly. We evaluate an average response time of point query, range query and k-nearest query in terms of the number of threads.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1204-1218
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• 1999

문서영상 검색을 위한 디지털도서관의 대부분은 논문제목과/또는 논문요약으로부터 만들어진 색인에 근거한 제한적인 검색기능을 제공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 영문 문서영상전체에 대한 검색을 위한 단어 영상 형태 특징기반의 단어검색시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 검색의 효율성과 정확도를 높이기 위해 1) 기존의 단어검색시스템에서 사용된 특징들을 조합하여 사용하며, 2) 특징의 개수 및 위치뿐만 아니라 특징들의 순서를 포함하여 매칭하는 방법을 사용하며, 3) 특징비교에 의해 검색결과를 얻은 후에 여과목적으로 문자인식을 부분적으로 적용하는 2단계의 검색방법을 사용한다. 제안된 시스템의 동작은 다음과 같다. 문서 영상이 주어지면, 문서 영상 구조가 분석되고 단어 영역들의 조합으로 분할된다. 단어 영상의 특징들이 추출되어 저장된다. 사용자의 텍스트 질의가 주어지면 이에 대응되는 단어 영상이 만들어지며 이로부터 영상특징이 추출된다. 이 참조 특징과 저장된 특징들과 비교하여 유사한 단어를 검색하게 된다. 제안된 시스템은 IBM-PC를 이용한 웹 환경에서 구축되었으며, 영문 문서영상을 이용하여 실험이 수행되었다. 실험결과는 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법들의 유효성을 보여주고 있다. Abstract Most existing digital libraries for document image retrieval provide a limited retrieval service due to their indexing from document titles and/or the content of document abstracts. This paper proposes a word spotting system for full English document image retrieval based on word image shape features. In order to improve not only the efficiency but also the precision of a retrieval system, we develop the system by 1) using a combination of the holistic features which have been used in the existing word spotting systems, 2) performing image matching by comparing the order of features in a word in addition to the number of features and their positions, and 3) adopting 2 stage retrieval strategies by obtaining retrieval results by image feature matching and applying OCR(Optical Charater Recognition) partly to the results for filtering purpose. The proposed system operates as follows: given a document image, its structure is analyzed and is segmented into a set of word regions. Then, word shape features are extracted and stored. Given a user's query with text, features are extracted after its corresponding word image is generated. This reference model is compared with the stored features to find out similar words. The proposed system is implemented with IBM-PC in a web environment and its experiments are performed with English document images. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.787-801
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• 2006

Ontology merging describes the process of integrating two ontologies into a new ontology. How this is done best is a subject of ongoing research in the Semantic Web, Data Integration, Knowledge Management System, and other ontology-related application systems. Earlier research on ontology merging, however, has studied for developing effective ontology matching approaches but missed analyzing and solving methods of problems of merging two ontologies given correspondences between them. In this paper, we propose a specific ontology merging process and a generic operator, T-MERGE, for integrating two source ontologies into a new ontology. Also, we define a taxonomy of merging conflicts which is derived from differing representations between input ontologies and a method for detecting and resolving them. Our T-MERGE operator encapsulates the process of detection and resolution of conflicts and merging two entities based on given correspondences between them. We define a data structure, MergeLog, for logging the execution of T-MERGE operator. MergeLog is used to inform detailed results of execution of merging to users or recover errors. For our experiments, we used oriental philosophy ontologies, western philosophy ontologies, Yahoo western philosophy dictionary, and Naver philosophy dictionary as input ontologies. Our experiments show that the automatic merging module compared with manual merging by a expert has advantages in terms of time and effort.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

This paper presents the implementation of a system that recommends empirical best routes based on classification of large trajectory data. As many location-based services are used, we expect the amount of location and trajectory data to become big data. Then, we believe we can extract the best empirical routes from the large trajectory repositories. Large trajectory data is clustered into similar route groups using Hadoop MapReduce framework. Clustered route groups are stored and managed by a DBMS, and thus it supports rapid response to the end-users' request. We aim to find the best routes based on collected real data, not the ideal shortest path on maps. We have implemented 1) an Android application that collects trajectories from users, 2) Apache Hadoop MapReduce program that can cluster large trajectory data, 3) a service application to query start-destination from a web server and to display the recommended routes on mobile phones. We validated our approach using real data we collected for five days and have compared the results with commercial navigation systems. Experimental results show that the empirical best route is better than routes recommended by commercial navigation systems.