• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.149-156
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• 2017

Recently, stretchable and transparent electrodes have received great attention owing to their potential for realizing wearable electronics. Unlike the traditional transparent electrodes represented by indium tin oxide (ITO), stretchable and transparent electrodes are able to maintain their electrical and mechanical properties even under stretching stress. Lots of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of stretchable and transparent electrodes since they represent the most important engineering platform for the production of wearable electronics. Various approaches using silver nanowires, nanostructured networks, conductive polymers, and carbon-based electrodes have been explored by many world leading research groups. In this review, present and recent advances in the fabrication methods of stretchable and transparent electrodes are discussed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.119-126
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposed the planar textile resonator for constructing wearable MR-WPT system and analyzed the characteristic of textile substrates used in resonators. The planar textile resonators were designed to resonate at 1-10 MHz. The loop and coil were fabricated planar structure on textile substrate using conductive materials. Polyester fiber and cotton widely used in real life were chosen as textile resonators for wearable applications and copper tape and silver paste were used for fabricating planar loop and coil on textile substrate. For comparison analysis on transfer efficiency according to the types of textile, transmitter and receiver parts were symmetric. According to the result, for the highest transfer efficiency of wearable WPT system, the planar resonators have specifications of relative thick textile substrate with low permittivity and low surface resistance of conductive pattern. The performed experiments show that the planar textile resonator is possible to be used for resonator in wearable MR-WPT system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.757-770
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• 2020

We propose a hand gesture recognition method that is compatible with a head-up display (HUD) including small processing resource. For fast link adaptation with HUD, it is necessary to rapidly process gesture recognition and send the minimum amount of driver hand gesture data from the wearable device. Therefore, we use a method that recognizes each hand gesture with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor based on revised correlation matching. The method of gesture recognition is executed by calculating the correlation between every axis of the acquired data set. By classifying pre-defined gesture values and actions, the proposed method enables rapid recognition. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the algorithm, which can be implanted within wearable bands, requiring a minimal process load. The experimental results evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of our decomposed correlation matching method. Furthermore, we tested the proposed algorithm to confirm the effectiveness of the system using pre-defined gestures of specific motions with a wearable platform device. The experimental results validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hand gesture recognition system. Despite being based on a very simple concept, the proposed algorithm showed good performance in recognition accuracy.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

There are many battery-based wearable devices for healthcare and medical applications, but there is a user's inconvenience to charge battery frequently due to insufficient power management. In this paper, we propose a tickless-based operating system and power management algorithm that can effectively utilize the power management provided by HW, and propose a cold restart method that consumes the minimum power at the board level. The operating system of the proposed technique has reduced the power consumption from 2 times to 33 times in the four scenarios modeling the wearable device application compared to the existing operating system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.664-667
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• 2009

There is strong demand to create wearable PC systems that can support the user outdoors. When we are outdoors, our movement makes it impossible to use traditional input devices such as keyboards and mice. We propose a hand gesture interface based on image processing to operate wearable PCs. The semi-transparent PC screen is displayed on the head mount display (HMD), and the user makes hand gestures to select icons on the screen. The user's hand is extracted from the images captured by a color camera mounted above the HMD. Since skin color can vary widely due to outdoor lighting effects, a key problem is accurately discrimination the hand from the background. The proposed method does not assume any fixed skin color space. First, the image is divided into blocks and blocks with similar average color are linked. Contiguous regions are then subjected to hand recognition. Blocks on the edges of the hand region are subdivided for more accurate finger discrimination. A change in hand shape is recognized as hand movement. Our current input interface associates a hand grasp with a mouse click. Tests on a prototype system confirm that the proposed method recognizes hand gestures accurately at high speed. We intend to develop a wider range of recognizable gestures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2017

Most of wearable platforms(i. e. Samsung Gear, Android Wear) are using most of Tizen mobile platform features without any changes. However wearable devices have unique characteristics due to wearable type, small battery, screen shape, poor network and relative short but frequent user interfaces. In general, a wearable device has a process to be paired with the mobile device, which includes capability exchange that includes information such as device model name, network capability (3G, LTE, Wi-Fi and so on), manufacturer and supported languages. In other word, a wearable device depends heavily on the companion device (i. e. phone, tablet), so wearable platform should consider this. In this paper, we provide the effective application management mechanism using these characteristics of wearable platform to enhance user experience and to reduce sluggish of wearable platform.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.407-416
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• 2018

The development of modern technology has rapidly grown the field of wearable devices. Wearable equipments should satisfy low power consumption and small/lightweight because of characteristics of body wearing. In this paper, an overview of wearable equipments is explained, and wearable device market is investigated. In addition, we investigate developed technology of wearable components, which is divided into component and communication technology. Meanwhile, a smart HSE system is required to meet the demand of the society for the serious industrial accident. To address this issue, we propose an interactive method between the wearable component and the HSE system, which are expected to be effective in safety management. As a detailed case study, a risk scenario is made with risk factors in welding workshop, and then we propose an interactive method between a wearable component and an HSE system that can reduce the risk. This proposed method is useful to achieve high level of worker's safety.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of wearable Electromyography-controlled functional electrical stimulation (EMG-controlled FES) System on Gait Function and cardiopulmonary metabolic efficiency during walking in older adults. Design: Cross-section study Methods: Total 22 older adult participants suitable to selection criteria of this study participated in this study. The EMG-controlled FES System, which functions as a wearable physical activity assist FES system was used. All participations performed randomly assigned two conditions (Non-FES assist [NFA], FES assist [FA]) of walking. In all conditions, spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics and kinetics parameters during walking was collected via 3D motion capture system and 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) and metabolic cost during walking and stairs climbing was collected via a portable metabolic device (COSMED K5, COSMED Srl, Roma, Italy). Results: In Spatio-temporal parameters aspects, The EMG-controlled FES system significantly improved gait functions measurements of older adults with sarcopenia at walking in comparison to the NFA condition (P<0.05). Hip, knee and ankle joint range of motion increased at walking in FA condition compared to the NFA condition (P<0.05). In the FA condition, moment and ground reaction force was changed like normal gait during walking of older adults in comparison to the NFA condition (P<0.05). The EMG-controlled FES system significantly reduced net cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost, net energy expenditure measurement at stairs climbing (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that EMG-controlled FES is a potentially useful gait-assist system for improving gait function by making joint range of motion and moment properly.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.713-721
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• 2010

E-textile technology has earned a great deal of interest in many fields; however, existing wearable network protocols are not optimized for use with conductive yarn. In this paper, some of the basic properties of conductive textiles and requirements on wearable personal area networks (PANs) are reviewed. Then, we present a wearable personal network (WPN), which is a four-layered wearable PAN using bus topology. We have designed the WPN to be a lightweight protocol to work with a variety of microcontrollers. The profile layer is provided to make the application development process easy. The data link layer exchanges frames in a master-slave manner in either the reliable or best-effort mode. The lower part of the data link layer and the physical layer of WPN are made of a fabric serial-bus interface which is capable of measuring bus signal properties and adapting to medium variation. After a formal verification of operation and performances of WPN, we implemented WPN communication modules (WCMs) on small flexible printed circuit boards. In order to demonstrate the behavior of our WPN on a textile, we designed a WPN tutorial shirt prototype using implemented WCMs and conductive yarn.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.412-415
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• 2016

In this study, we fabricated the wearable film-heaters used in thermotherapy for senior citizens and investigated the heat generation characteristics. The wearable film-heaters embedded into eco-flex were constructed with indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles coated on glass fibers. Under a stretching strain of 30%, the wearable film-heaters stably operated with temperature variation of 10%. In addition, the wearable film-heater worn on the wrist increased the temperature of the wrist from $35^{\circ}C$ to $43^{\circ}C$ within 2 min.