• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.719-730
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• 2020

Recognizing a complexity of global water challenges, such as water shortage, water pollution, water-related disasters, and degradation of water environments, this study introduces the newly established concept and definition of water security and water security assessment framework based on the review of previous works on water security. In order to critically assess the situations of water security of each country, an water security assessment framework is employed highlighting the four core areas: 1) social equity; 2) economic efficiency; 3) environmental sustainability; and 4) resilience to water-related disasters. 28 Asian countries have been selected and evaluated for the level of water security, and as a consequence, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea demonstrate a high degree of water security whereas India, Pakistan and the Philippines show a relatively low level of water security. The significance of this study lies in clarifying weak areas in water security as well as suggesting the areas that should be improved for achieving sustainable water management.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.784-794
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• 2020

In order to effectively evaluate the urban water security, the study investigates a novel system to assess factors that impact urban water security and builds an urban water poverty evaluation index system. Based on the contribution rates of Resource, Access, Capacity, Use, and Environment, the study adopts the Water Poverty Index (WPI) model to evaluate the water poverty levels of 14 cities in Gansu during 2011-2018 and uses the least variance method to evaluate water poverty space drive types. The case study results show that the water poverty space drive types of 14 cites fall into four categories. The first category is the dual factor dominant type driven by environment and resources, which includes Lanzhou, Qingyang, Jiuquan, and Jiayuguan. The second category is the three-factor dominant type driven by Access, Use, and Capability, which includes Longnan, Linxia, and Gannan. The third category is the four-factor dominant type driven by Resource, Access, Capability, and Environment, which includes Jinchang, Pingliang, Wuwei, Baiyin, and Zhangye. The fourth category is the five-factor dominant type, which includes Tianshui and Dingxi. The driven types impacting the urban water security factors reflected by the WPI and its model are clear and accurate. The divisions of the urban water security level supply a reliable theoretical and numerical basis for an urban water security early warning mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.723-730
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• 2013

Due to the event of hazardous chemical injection into a water storage tank in Hongseong, Chungcheongnam-do in 2012, the Korean Ministry of Environment has revised the enforcement rules of the Water Supply and Waterworks Installation Act to install surveillance equipments such as closed-circuit television(CCTV). However, the enforcement rules still do not provide concrete provision for installation of physical security equipments. Thus we studied vulnerability of small-scale water supplies in Korea and developed guidelines for the physical security system of the facilities. The guidelines include selection and recommendation of the physical security approaches and measures to detect, delay and response to the presence of an intruder in small-scale water supplies. The security features include protection utilities(e.g., fencing and fence topping), exterior intrusion detectors and alarms, locks and padlocks, surveillance utilities(e.g., CCTV), and others.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2019

Water security issues, stimulated by increasing population and changing climate, are growing and pausing major challenges for water resources managers around the world. Proper utilization, management and distribution of all available water resources is key to sustainable development for achieving water security To alleviate the water shortage, most of the current research on multi-sources combined water supplies depends on an overall generalization of regional water supply systems, which are seldom broken down into the detail required to address specific research objectives. This paper proposes the concept of optimization framework on multi water sources selection. A multi-objective water allocation model with four objective functions is introduced in this paper. Harmony search algorithm is employed to solve the applied model. The objective functions addresses the economic, environmental, and social factors that must be considered for achieving a sustainable water allocation to solve the issue of water security.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2022

Despite the impressive development of water infrastructure and management in recent decades, Korea still faces a number of threats to water security owing to such factors as climate change. This puts the country at the top spot amongst the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of water stress. It is suggested that increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water and land savings and in extension, to increased water and land security. This study therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of virtual water import through food trade on the water and land savings in Korea. It was concluded that over the period 2000 - 2017, significant amounts of national water and land was saved through the importation of major upland crops. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products. The results showed a significant increase in the amount of virtual water traded over the study period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to apply the Water-Energy-Food-Land Nexus approach which can analyze the trade-offs among resources, and assess the holistic impacts of food security. First, we applied rice as a study crop and analyzed the trend of consumption of rice and the area of paddy fields. Second, the portfolios of water, energy, and land for rice production were constructed using data of footprints and productivity. Finally, the self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) of rice in target year was set as food security scenario and assessed the impacts of food security on water, energy, and land availability. In 2030, the SSR of rice decreased to 87 %, and water use for producing rice decreased from 4,728 to $3,350million\;m^3$, and the water availability index increased from 0.33 to 0.53. However, food security is essential issue and we set the 50 % and 100 % SSR of rice as high and low food security scenarios. For 100% SSR in 2030, about $3,508million\;m^3$ water was required and water availability index reached to 0.5. In other words, there is the trade-off between food security and water-energy-lands availability. Therefore, it is difficult to make a decision whether a high level of SSR is better or worse. However, this study showed the both positive and negative impacts by change of food security and it can be useful for setting the policy decision considering both food security and sustainable resource management at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1034-1037
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• 2013

ICT infrastructure is electronic control systems or communication network related to national security, public administration, defense, policing, finance. Water resources sector has been building a system of control that can be performed electronically, communications, management, energy, and other work-related. Water resources sector has been a paradigm shift in water management and the control system is integrated into a single network. The control system security vulnerabilities are exposed - other control networks, business networks, linking with outside agencies, etc. Cyber terrorist society can cause a huge mess economically, The importance of security for control systems is becoming. In this paper, ICT infrastructure - the water resources in the field of control systems will analysis security measures.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.737-746
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• 2017

In 2017, amid changes in the security market such as integrated security (IS) and convergence security (CS), a variety of security paradigms in terms of operation and management have been suggested. Rather than changing existing network infrastructure and bringing about fluid, multi-dimensional changes, these solutions and technologies focus entire security capacity on a primary protection, leading to network infrastructure suffering from unexpected inherent violations and problems in a continued manner. Therefore, it is time to propose and develop a flexible network section that can protect from attacks of similar pattern and concentrated traffic attacks by applying a new concept of WB (Water-Bubble) to network infrastructure and analyzing on the basis of experiment and installation. Methodology of the WB-based highly secure flexible network section proposed in this study is expected to provide materials for studies on how to achieve network section security taking into account three major limitations and security standards: fluidity, unpredictability, and non-area scalability by contact point ratio, by changing a network area predicted to be the final target of attack into resonant network section (area) with flexible area changes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.216-216
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• 2015

Frequent hydro-meteorological events caused by global climate change and human exacerbate activities, make the water resource problem more complicated. The increasing speed urbanization brings a significant impact on the city flood control and security, water supply safety, water ecological security, water environment safety and the water engineering security in China, and puts forward higher requirements to urban water integrated management, undoubtedly which become the biggest obstacle for water ecological civilization construction, thus urgent requiring an advanced methods to enhance the effectiveness of the water integrated management. The other fields of smart ideas point out a development path for water resource development. The construction demand of smart water resource is expounded in the paper, combining the philosophy of modern Internet of things with the application of cloud computing technology. The concept of smart water resource is analyzed, the connotation characteristics of smart water resource is extracted, and the general model of smart water resource is refined. Then, the frame structure of smart water resource is put forward. The connotation and the overall framework of the smart water resource represent a higher level of water resource informationization development and provide a comprehensive scientific and technological support to transform water resource management from an extensive, passive, static, branch and traditional management to a fine, active, dynamic, collaborative and modern management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 2014

Decentralized water supply systems, treating the water in users'vicinity, cutting down the distribution system, utilizing the alternative water resources(rainwater harvesting, water reclamation and reuse and so on.) and saving energy and other resources, could be categorized into POU(Point-Of-Use), POE(Point-Of-Entry) and community small scale system. From the literature review, we could thought that decentralized water supply system and hybrid system(integrating centralized and decentralized water supply system within urban water management) might have strengthening comparative advantages to centralized system with respect to: (1) water security, (2) sustainability, (3) economical affordability. Even though it is difficult to derive and quantify direct benefit advantages from decentralized and hybrid system in comparison with centralized system, (1) operational cost reduction, (2) assurance for safe and stability water supply and (3) greenhouse gas reduction can be expected from successful establishment of the former.