Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2018.60.4.093

Assessment of the Impacts of Rice Self-sufficiency on National Rresources in Korea through Water-Energy-Food-Land Nexus Approach  

Lee, Sang-Hyun (Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University)
Choi, Jin-Yong (Department of Rural Systems Engineering, and Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
Yoo, Seung-Hwan (Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University)
Hur, Seung-Oh (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
Publication Information
Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers / v.60, no.4, 2018 , pp. 93-103 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study is to apply the Water-Energy-Food-Land Nexus approach which can analyze the trade-offs among resources, and assess the holistic impacts of food security. First, we applied rice as a study crop and analyzed the trend of consumption of rice and the area of paddy fields. Second, the portfolios of water, energy, and land for rice production were constructed using data of footprints and productivity. Finally, the self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) of rice in target year was set as food security scenario and assessed the impacts of food security on water, energy, and land availability. In 2030, the SSR of rice decreased to 87 %, and water use for producing rice decreased from 4,728 to $3,350million\;m^3$, and the water availability index increased from 0.33 to 0.53. However, food security is essential issue and we set the 50 % and 100 % SSR of rice as high and low food security scenarios. For 100% SSR in 2030, about $3,508million\;m^3$ water was required and water availability index reached to 0.5. In other words, there is the trade-off between food security and water-energy-lands availability. Therefore, it is difficult to make a decision whether a high level of SSR is better or worse. However, this study showed the both positive and negative impacts by change of food security and it can be useful for setting the policy decision considering both food security and sustainable resource management at the same time.
Keywords
Food security; Korea; resource availability; rice; self-sufficiency; water-energy-food-land nexus;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Association of Agriculture, 1996. Unit energy consumption at the main process in agricultural system (in Japanese).
2 Dai, A., 2013. Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models, Nature Climate Change 3: 52-58. doi:10.1038/NCLIMATE1633.   DOI
3 Emissions, Greenhouse Gas. "Comparison of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of various electricity generation sources."
4 Ferroukhi, R., D. Nagpal, A. Lopez-Pena, T. Hodges, R. H. Mohtar, B. Daher, and M. Keulertz, 2015. Renewable energy in the water, energy & food nexus. The International Renewable Energy Agency.
5 Flammini, Alessandro, et al. Walking the nexus talk: assessing the water-energy-food nexus in the context of the sustainable energy for all initiative. FAO, 2017.
6 Lee, S. H., J. Y. Choi, and S. H. Yoo, 2015. Estimation of the virtual water consumption for food consumption and calorie supply. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 57(3): 77-86 (in Korean). doi:10.5389/KSAE.2015.57.3.077.   DOI
7 Stockholm Environment Institute, 2013. Launching a New Analytical Platform to Explore the Water Energy Nexus, presented at a Workshop on Moving ahead to implement the nexus approach: lessons learned and discussion of next steps regarding integrated assessment of water-energy-food needs in a climate change context, FAO, Rome.
8 UN, 2014. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2014, UN Water, New York, unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0022/002257/225741E.pdf.
9 World Economic Forum, Global Risks 2015, Geneva, Switzerland.
10 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), 2016 Major Statistics of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 2016.
11 Mohtar, R., and B. Daher, 2012. Water, energy, and food: The ultimate nexus. In Heldman, D. R. and C. I. Moraru (Eds), Encyclopedia of agricultural, food, and biological engineering. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. doi: 10.1081/E-EAFE2-120048376.
12 OECD/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (OECD-FAO), 2013. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013, OECD Publishing.
13 Yosida, S., 2011. Paddy field agriculture and energy problems. Seneca 21st Topic 39 (in Japanese).
14 Yoo, S. H., J. Y. Choi, S. H. Lee, and T. G. Kim, 2014. Estimating water footprint of paddy rice in Korea. Paddy and Water Environment 12(1): 43-54. doi:10.1007/s10333-015-0495-x.   DOI
15 Yoo, S. H., S. H. Lee, J. Y. Choi, and J. B. Im, 2015. Estimation of potential water requirements using water footprint for the target of food self-sufficiency in South Korea. Paddy and Water Environment 14: 259-269. doi: 10.1007/s10333-015-0495-x.   DOI