• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2018

토양해충의 포식성 천적인 뿌리이리응애[Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley)]를 이중박스 시스템을 활용하여 대량생산할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 사육상자는 외부(22 L, $54{\times}36{\times}18cm^3$) 및 내부(6.5 L, $31{\times}22{\times}11cm^3$)로 구성된 플라스틱상자이다. 내부상자에는 뿌리이리응애의 은신처 역할을 하는 왕겨(4 L)를 담았다. 외부상자에는 물을 1 L 채우고 그 위에 내부상자를 넣고 외부상자 덮개를 덮었다. 이 시스템은 포식성응애의 탈출을 막고 은신처의 습도를 유지할 수 있다. 천적의 먹이원으로서 긴털가루응애[Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)]를 쌀겨에 사육하였으며, 뿌리이리응애와 마찬가지로 2중상자에서 증식시켰다. 천적응애상자에 주 1회 먹이응애를 제공하면서 $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 $60{\pm}10%$ 조건에서 사육하였다. 뿌리이리응애의 밀도는 4주에 3배로 증가하였으며 최종적으로 약 12만 마리/상자(4 L)였다. 이 방법은 간단한 뿌리이리응애 대량사육기술로서 토양해충의 생물적 방제에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver. Methods: Eighteen time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d), n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6). The feed restriction period was from 90 days to 140 days of pregnancy. Results: The ewe's body weight, liver weights, water, and protein content of liver in the restricted groups were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05), but the liver fat contents in the RG1 group were higher than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The increased hepatic collagen fibers and reticular fibers were observed in the restricted groups with the reduction of energy intake. The concentrations of nonesterified free fatty acids in the RG1 and RG2 groups were higher than those of the CG group with the reduction of energy intake (p<0.05), but there were decreased concentrations of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in both restricted groups compared with the CG group (p<0.05). In addition, the increased concentrations of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase were found in the RG1 group, and the concentrations of cholinesterase in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). For the concentrations of acute phase proteins, the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group, but there were no differences in haptoglobin relative to the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fat accumulation, increased hepatic fibrosis, antioxidant imbalance and modified synthesis of acute phase proteins were induced in ewe's liver by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy, which were detrimental for liver function to accommodate pregnancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of potassium humate and enzymes (Xylanase+Amylase+Protease) inclusion in diets on carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broilers fed canola-based diets. Methods: Two hundred and twenty broilers randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments: the control (commercial broiler diet); CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); CMEnz (17.5% CM inclusion+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP); CMPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% Potassium Humate, PH); and CMEnzPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% PH+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP) were slaughtered at day 42 for assessment of carcass and meat quality parameters. Results: Diet had no effect on carcass traits apart from breast muscle weight and breast muscle index. The highest breast muscle weight was observed in broilers fed CMEnz ($487.6{\pm}17.5g$) followed by those fed the control diet ($474.37{\pm}17.5g$). Diet also had no significant dietary effect on pH, temperature, drip loss and shear force values of the breast muscle. However, diet significantly affected meat colour and water-holding capacity. Broilers in the control and CMPh groups ($52.94{\pm}0.67$ and $52.91{\pm}0.67$) had the highest (p<0.05) values for lightness ($L^*$), whilst those fed CMEnzPh had the lowest value ($47.94{\pm}0.67$). In contrast, CM group had the lowest (p<0.05) value for redness ($a^*$) with CMEnzPh group having the highest values. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio were increased in CM-based diets containing enzymes and humic acid. Conclusion: It can, therefore, be concluded that CM can be included in broiler diets in the presence of enzymes and humic acid with positive effects on meat quality and important fatty acids that are beneficial to the health of consumers.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.1100-1109
• /
• 2021

염생식물인 비쑥은 식용이 가능한 약용식물로서 살충, 항염, 항콜레스테롤, 해열, 항균 활성 등이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)로 자극된 인간 섬유육종 HT-1080 세포에서 5가지 활성검색방법 즉 : gelatin zymography, MMPs ELISA, wound healing assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot을 이용하여 비쑥의 조추출물과 그 용매 분획물의 MMP-2와 MMP-9 효소 활성에 대한 저해 효과를 평가하였다. 비쑥 시료들을 메틸렌 클로라이드(MC)와 메탄올(MeOH)로 각각 2번 추출하여 합한 것을 조추출물로 사용하였으며 이 조추출물은 MMP-2와 MMP-9 효소활성에 대해 유의한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 이 조추출물은 용매극성에 따라 다시 n-hexane, 85% aq.MeOH, n-butanol 및 물 분획층으로 분획되었으며 이렇게 얻어진 4개의 용매 분획물들중에 n-hexane과 85% aq.MeOH 분획이 gelatin zymography와 MMP ELISA assay에서 MMP-2와 MMP-9의 활성을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 또한 wound healing assay, RT-PCR 및 Western blot assay에서 H₂O 분획을 제외한 모든 용매 분획물들이 세포 이동, 그리고 MMP-2 및 MMP-9의 mRNA와 단백질 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Obesity is caused by the excess accumulation of fat in the body due to energy imbalance, and it causes various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate an anti-obesity efficacy and an antioxidant activity of water from herbal mixture extract (SM17). Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals. To evaluated anti-obesity effect of SM17, we used a high fat diet fed mouse model. The SM17 (150 mg/kg body weight/day, p.o.) was treated every day for 6 weeks to C57BL/6 mice. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. The changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferanse (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerids (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were analyzed after experiment. Also, expression of lipid metabolism related proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : It was effective in antioxidant measurements, SM17 administration inhibited the biomarkers of lipid metaboism in serum and tissues. The administration of SM17 showed a significant reduction of body and tissue weight. Morever, it decreased ROS, ALT, AST, TG and TC in serum, compared with those of the obese mice. Adipogenesis-related protein expressions increased in obese mice compared to normal mice. However, SM17 group exhibited the down-expression of these proteins. Conclusion : A SM17 aqueous extract has a great effect on the stimulation (AMPK) activation, and may have a benefit to reduce a fatty acid metabolism through inhibition of lipid accumulation.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is bind formation of glucose and protein. Acceleration of AGE formation during hyperglycemia is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and causes kidney and skin damage. The aim of this study was investigated the AGEs inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of water extracts from young persimmon (YP) and heated young persimmon (HYP). Methods : Paeoniae Radix Alba (YP) is prepared by heating with 30% ethanol. AGEs formation inhibitory activities of YP and HYP measured using bovine serum albumin. To evaluate the protective effects of YP and HYP in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and methyl glyoxal (MGO), SD rats were distributed into four groups; normal mice (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg YP (YP), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg heated YP (HYP) for 3weeks. Heated young persimmon respectively decrease AGEs construction. Results : YP and HYP administration inhibited the biomarkers of AGEs in serum, kidney and skin tissues. AGE-induced rats revealed that the significant decreased collagen however, heat processing methods of young persimmon up regulated inhibits AGEs-induced collagen decrease. The expressions of AGEs were decreased in YP and HYP treated group compared with the control group in tissues. It specifies that HYP has potential to serve as a positive regulator of via AGEs path way. Conclusion : It has proposed that may have an improvement effect on diabetic complications, heated young persimmon has AGEs inhibitory excellent activities and antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제65권3호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 케일 중 flubendiamide의 잔류 특성을 조사하여 생산단계 잔류허용기준(PHRL, Pre-Harvest Residue Limit)을 설정하고자 하였으며, 세척용매 및 세척방법에 따른 제거효율을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 포장 시험은 포장 1 (경기도 안성시)과 포장 2(경기도 이천시)의 시설재배 하우스 두 곳에서 실시하였다. 농약의 안전사용기준에 따라 10일간격 2회 살포하고 0 (2시간 후), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10일차에 수확하였다. Flubendiamide의 생물학적 반감기는 액체 크로마토그래피와 탠덤 질량분석기(LC-MS/MS)를 결합하여 분석한 시료 중 농약의 소실곡선으로부터 산출되었다. 분석법상의 정량한계(MLOQ)는 0.01 mg/kg 이었으며, 10 MLOQ 및 MRL (0.7 mg/kg) 두 수준에서 회수율 시험을 한 결과 각각 104.2±3.6, 101.9±10.2%의 회수율을 나타냈다. 케일 중 flubendiamide의 감소상수는 포장 1에서 0.2437, 포장 2에서 0.1981이었다. 감소상수를 사용하여 얻은 PHRL 계산식은 다음과 같이 추정되었다: 수확 10일전 잔류농도가 8.0 mg/kg 미만이라면 수확일의 잔류농도는 MRL 수준 이하일 것으로 판단된다. 세척에 의한 flubendiamide의 평균 제거율은 식초(39.8%)로 세척하였을 때 가장 높았고, 베이킹소다(31.7%), 칼슘파우더(30.2%), 중성세제(27.2%), 수돗물(15.9%) 순이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 농민과 소비자 모두에게 안전한 농산물을 생산하거나 소비하는데 유용할 것 이다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 동해안 유입천인 황보천에 서식하는 꾹저구의 초기생활사를 규명하고 관찰한 결과를 같은 망둑어과 어류들과 차이점을 비교하였다. 2022년과 2023년 5월 2회에 걸쳐 황보천에서 바위 아래 산란된 수정란과 어미를 포획하였다. 산란량은 827~1,540개였고, 난은 장타원형으로 크기는 3.21×1.07 mm 였다. 연구실에서 관찰된 난발생 단계는 16세포기였고, 이후 193시간부터 부화가 시작되었다. 사육 수온 범위는 18.8~19.3 ℃였다. 부화 직후 난황자어는 전장 3.84~4.33 (평균 4.10±0.17, n=30) mm로 난황을 갖고 있었고, 항문은 열려 있지 않았다. 부화 6일째에는 전장 5.32~6.11(평균 5.67±0.25, n=30) mm로 난황을 모두 흡수하여 전기자어기로 이행하였고, 먹이를 섭취하였으며, 꼬리지느러미에 기조가 발달하였다. 부화 후 15일째에는 전장 7.33~8.52(평균 7.81±0.46, n=30) mm로 척색 말단 끝부분이 45 °로 완전히 휘어져 후기자어기로 이행하였고, 몸 전체에는 흑색소포가 발달하였다. 부화 후 38일째에는 전장 22.1~26.1(23.8±1.36, n=30) mm로 지느러미 기조 수는 제1등지느러미 6개, 제2등지느러미 11개, 뒷지느러미 11개, 배지느러미 12개로 모든 지느러미 기조 수가 정수가 되어 치어기로 이행하였다. 연구 결과 후기자어의 흑색소포는 몸통 절반과 꼬리 쪽 몸 전체 분포하는 점에서 다른 망둑어과 어류 후기자어들과 형태적인 구분이 가능하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.340-360
• /
• 2010

이제 바야흐로 21세기 탈석유 시대에 대비하기 위해서는 범국가적 차원의 새로운 산업전략이 필요하게 되었다. "바이오리파이너리"란 원유로부터 각종 화학제품을 생산하는 기존의 기술과 달리 석유대신 나무나 볏짚 등과 같은 식물을 원료로 해서 바이오화학제품이나 바이오연료 등을 생산하는 기술을 총칭한다. 바이오리파이너리를 통한 바이오매스 기반의 화학산업은 석유로부터 생성되는 많은 역기능적인 문제점들을 해결할 수 있다. 바이오리파이너리 기술을 이용해서 생산할 수 있는 제품을 특성별로 분류하면, 바이오 연료, 대체원료, 특수 기능물질, 바이오폴리머 등이 있으며, 이러한 공정기술 개발이 미래지속 성장 화학기술의 중심기술이 될 것이다. 바이오 연료에는 에탄올, 디젤, 수소 등이 있고, 대체원료(chemical feedstock)로서는 글리세롤, 젖산, 아세톤, 부탄올, 프로피온산, 부틸산, 부탄디올, 프로판디올, 구연산, 숙신산, 각종 아미노산 등이 해당된다. 특수기능물질 중에는 항생제, 다당류, 미생물농약, 생리활성물질 등과 각종 생촉매 전환반응 생산제품, 바이오 식품소재 등이 있고, 바이오 폴리머는 미생물 대사산물 유기산을 원료로 하는 고분자와 미생물이 직접 생산하는 바이오 폴리머 등이 있다. 이러한 공정기술 개발이 미래 지속 성장 화학기술의 중심기술이 될 것이며, 공정기술 중에서 가장 핵심이 되는 것은 충분한 양의 바이오매스 확보 및 생화학적/열화학적 전환기술이다. 바이오매스 확보를 위하여 환경적응성이 큰 잡초의 이용이 기대된다. 바이오리파이너리는 농업으로 시작되며, 농업과 화학산업의 다리역할을 하는 기술이 바로 바이오리파이너리인 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1973

Numerous factors concern with the absorption of substances through the membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. To simplify the experimental condition, present work has been restricted to observe the disappearance rate of substance from the intestinal loop which was made in the jejunum, 70 cm apart from the pylorus of the adult rabbit. The purpose of the study is to clarify the absorption of urea through the jejunal wall is solely attributable to the concentration difference between the luminal fluid and plasma, and to observe the effect of adding red pepper upon the rate of absorption. The rabbits were anesthetized with nembutal, 35mg/kg I.V. Jejunal loop was made by ligating at 2 spots, 70 cm and 80cm apart from the pylorus. After rinsing with normal saline solution through the polyethylene tubing inserted from the end of the loop, 8 ml of test solution was placed through the same tubing. The test solution contained 200 mg% of urea and 150mg% of polyethylene glycol(M.W. 4,000) in normal saline solution. Right after placing the test solution the first specimen was taken through the tubing, and successive samplings were performed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Logarithm of the difference of urea concentration between the luminal fluid and plasma was plotted against time elapsed after the onset of the experiment. If straight line is revealed, it would verify the nature of transport mechanism as diffusion, obeying the Fick's principle. The concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also measured in order to examine the change in the volume. PEG was used as the marker substance because it is not absorbable in the intestinal tract. Consequently the concentration of PEG relates inversely to the volume of the loop. Instantaneous concentration of urea in the loop times the volume will give the amount of urea remaining in the luminal fluid. The change in the amount of any substance is directly relate to the volume of the compartment and differs from the change in the concentration which is independent of the volume. After completion of the experiment without red pepper, it was added in the test solution and was centrifuged after thorough mixing. Supernatant of the mixture was placed in the loop and similar sampling were performed with the same time intervals that of previous run in order to observe the effects of the red pepper on the passive transport of the water soluble small substance, urea. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Logarithm of the concentration difference of urea between the luminal fluid and plasma was diminished exponentially as time elapsed. The decay constant in the experiment without red pepper was 0.0563/min. By adding red pepper in the test solution as much as the concentration rose to 4,000 mg% and 8,000 mg%, the decay constants were lowered to 0.0493/min and to 0.0506/min, respectively. The time interval by which the concentration difference dropped to one half of the initial value was prolonged. Without red pepper the half concentration time was 13.30 minutes, and by adding extract of red pepper, 15.31 minutes and 15.71 minutes were revealed. 2. The profile of the diminishing rate of tile amount of urea was quite different from that of the concentration because of the change in the volume of the loop during the observed period. 3. By adding the extract of red pepper, it slowed down the rate of absorption of urea in the intestinal loop, suggesting an increase in the diffusional barrier. 4. Larger dosage of red pepper brought an increase in the secretion of intestinal fluid with concomitant expansion of the luminal volume, and the retardation of the absorption of urea was noticed. This effect was largely dependent on the sensitivity of the individual animal to the red pepper, extract. The amount of urea remained after 10 minutes interval was 55.5% of the initial amount in the experiment without red pepper. On the other hand it was not consistent after administration of red pepper, showing 50.6% and 66.5% of the initial figures by adding 400 mg and 800 mg of red pepper in the test solution, respectively. It was postulated that symptom of diarrhea often encountered by taking a hot (red pepper) food might be attributable to the increase of secretion and the retardation of absorption in the intestinal tract.