• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.588-593
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• 1999

This study were performed to investigated the behavior of excessive pore water pressure with embankment of soft clay. The dissipation behavior of excessive pore water pressure in the improved and non-improved area was used to compare and alyze with lateral displacement , and to investigated the applicability of the methods for stability evaluatio of soft clay. The behavior of excess pore water pressure could be used to the fundamental data for stability evaluation, and the evaluation of the stability of embankment was recommended to use the indlination of curve rather than critical line.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.6 s.61
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

A mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the capability of sea water exchanges under tidal and diffusive environments and has been verified through comparison with numerical experiments. From the mathematical analysis, this study presents the rates of sea water exchanges due to the tidal inflow and diffusion process. The port characteristic length $L_p$ is the most significant evaluation index.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.321-324
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• 2008

Water retaining pavement is a pavement to lower the surface temperature by using evaporation of the water that the pavement contains when the pavement is heated by the sun in the daytime, so, to improve performance, the performance can absorb water. Most of the high-performance material that absorbs water swell $2\sim3$ times as much volume when it contact with water. Water retaining material exists independently of the material in the cement. so it doesn't have the space to expand. Therefore, the performance of absorbing water is decreased. Therefore, this study was to develop a foamed concrete and evaluation of performance characteristics using high absorptiveness resin. The result has been evaluated as excellent compared to other materials.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the appropriate evaluation method for the water supply and drain noise of bathroom in apartment and to propose some fundamental idea on its regulation. For this reason, it was studied the acoustical characteristics of water supply and drain noise as modifying the water supply pressure for the washbasins and toilet stools and suggested the optimum evaluation method through psychoacoustic test. As a result of investigation of the levels by evaluating the adjectives and noise sources with 7-step criteria corresponding to each level of plumbing noises and analysis of the correlation between physical evaluation values by comparing the criteria, dB(A), N, and NC, with subject's response, determination coefficient($R^2$) was shown to be relatively fair or higher ranged from 0.65 to 0.92. It is shown that 'Harsh', 'Nervous', 'Unpleasant', 'Distasteful', and 'Repellent' as a second factor are to be appropriate to evaluate plumbing noise. Above these results could be used in basic data establishing KS(Korean Standard) for evaluation and rating procedure and measures reducing these noise.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2013

It has become very important for unused energy to be used for building air conditioning. Economic evaluation on energy system by using river water as a heat source, which is one of the unused energy, was carried out. The floor area of the building and the distance between heat source equipment and river was assumed $50,000m^2$ and 200 m. General heat source system using absorption chiller-heater was used for comparing to the energy saving system, and payback period method using initial cost and running cost of two systems, was used to perform economic evaluation. According to development of high capacity of water source heat pump which is appropriate for using river water, initial cost for the system has been reduced. Payback period was about 3.2 years, and this period might be shortened if nation's economic support enact.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2023

The health condition of of deep water high pile foundation is vital to the safe operation of bridges. However, pier foundations are vulnerable to damage in deep water due to exposure to sea torrents and corrosive environments over an extended period. In this paper, combined with aninvestigation and analysis of the typical damage characteristics of main pier group pile foundations, we study the safety monitoring and real-time early warning technology of the deep water high pile foundations, we propose an early warning index item and early warning threshold of deep water high pile foundation by utilizing a numerical simulation analysis and referring to domestic and foreign standards and literature. First, we combine the characteristics of structures and draw on more mature evaluation theories and experience in civil engineering-related fields such as dam and bridge engineering. Then, we establish a scheme consisting of a Early Warning Index Systemand evaluation model based on the analytic hierarchy process and constant weight evaluation method and apply the research results to a project based on the Jiashao bridge in Zhejiang province, China. Finally, we verify the rationality and reliability of the Early Warning Index Systemof the Deep Water High Pile Foundations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.96-112
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• 1998

This study aims to evaluate the potential of pro-environmental application(PEP) in streams conceptualized ecological conservation and recreational use to be in harmony with. The main content of research are to clarify the PEP, to establish the evaluation model, and to evaluate 3 streams(Dongchon, Seokhyunchon, Okchon) in Sunchon city. Researchers introduced 12 evaluation items(water quality, water quantity, vegetation-water area, vegetation conservation, streamscape, neighborhood landscape, stream width, optimum area, nearby landuse, facility in stream, distance from user, obstacle to acces) by 5 scales to evaluate the characteristics of natural and artificial factors in stream area and nearby area. Also to decide the weight of items, researchers surveyed the opinion of 22 landscape architects experienced stream-plan through delphi method. Lastly the pro-environmental potential on streams were calculated by the ecological potential and recreational potential indices to be standardized and indicidual sections in streams were divided 5 grades on the basis of PEP. The result of this study are as follows; 1) The evaluation model of PEP was constructed by 4 steps, such as the decision of weight, the measurement of scale, the calculation of potential indices, the gradation of individual sections in streams. 2) The ecological potential were highly influenced by natural factor such as water quality, vegetation conservation, vegetation-water area, but on the other hand the recreational potential were influenced by optimum area, distance from user, water quantity, obstacle to access. 3) The factors such as vegetation conservation, optimum area, nearby landuse, distance from user were function as discernment factors to evaluate relatively ecological and recreational potential. and water quality, water quantity, vegetation -water area, neighborhood landscape were acted as important items to decide PEP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2016

Owing to time and cost constraints, new methods that would make it possible to evaluate the safety of the water supply pipeline in a less time- and cost-consuming manner are urgently needed. In response to this exigency, the present study developed a new statistical model to assess the safety of the water supply pipeline using the quantification theory type II. In this research, the safety of the water supply pipeline was defined as 'a possibility of the pipeline failure'. Quantification analysis was conducted on the qualitative data, such as pipe material, coating, and buried condition. The results of analyses demonstrate that the hit ratio of the quantification function amounted to 77.8% of hit ratio, which was a fair value. In addition, all variables that were included in the quantification function were logically valid and demonstrated statistically significant. According to the results derived from the application of the safety evaluation model, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) between K-region's water supply pipeline safety and the safety inspection amounted to 0.80. Therefore, these findings provide meaningful insight for the measured values in real applications of the model. The results of the present study can also be meaningfully used in further research on safety evaluation of pipelines, establishing of renewal prioritization, as well as asset management planning of the water supply infrastructure.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.583-595
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• 2010

Virtual water is defined as the volume of water to produce commodities and provide services, which has been developed by Tony Allan since the early 1990s. This research aims to evaluate a volume of virtual water trade in Korea from 1998 to 2007 by applying the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume to agricultural, live stock and industrial products, which is developed by Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004). Also, the concept of water footprint is deployed to quantify the volume of virtual water trade between countries. The study attempts to assess the appropriateness of the evaluation method of unit virtual water volume by employing the method to calculate the total amount of agricultural products in Korea and comparing this with the amount of agricultural water demand in the Korea Water Vision 2006. The research outcome shows that Korea has a net virtual water import of 32 billion $m^3$ on average in the form of agricultural, live stock and industrial commodities whose volume gradually increases. The gap between the volume of virtual water import of agricultural and live stock commodities and the total volume of agricultural water use reaches approximately 600 million $m^3$. This figure can be negligible considering the total volume of water demand in Korea, around 16 billion $m^3$, which demonstrates the validity of the evaluation method in terms of analyzing water balance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate whether water chilling had effect on water retention, freshness or internal temperature of chicken carcasses during chilling or storage in two different chicken processing plants (designated as A and B). A total of 240 carcasses from chicken processing plants (n = 120 per chicken processing plant) was randomly sampled and evaluated the effect of water chilling on carcass characteristics (i.e., water retention, water loss or freshness during chilling or storage). Torrymeter value was used as an indicator of freshness in chicken carcasses. Water chilling did not affect carcass water retention between the processing plants. However, chicken carcasses processing in B plant exhibited significantly higher freshness (p<0.05) compared with those in A plant. This difference in freshness was mainly due to the longer transit time through the water chiller in A versus B plants. Water loss of carcasses during storage was not different between plants. It was found that carcass freshness can be affected by water chilling time as manifested in this study. Further study is warranted to see whether freshness or microbiological status of chicken carcasses may be affected depending on the chilling methods, i.e., air or water chilling.