• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) produces only water at cathode by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The generated water is transported across the membrane from the cathode to the anode. The transported water collected in water-trap and drained to the cathode within the humidifier outlet. If the condensate water is not being drained at the appropriate time, condensate water in the anode can cause the performance degradation or fuel efficiency degradation of fuel cell by the anode flooding or unnecessary hydrogen discharge. In this study, we proposed an optimization method of condensate water drain logic for the water drain performance and the water drain algorithm as considered the condensate water generating speed prep emergency case. In conclusion, we developed the water management strategy of fuel processing system (FPS) as securing fuel efficiency and operating stability.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.67-79
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• 1997

The perpose of this study was to suggest the experimental characteristic of the Cherepnov Water Lifter following the drain mode. The Cherepnov Water Lifter(CWL), which is powered by the potential energy of water, can be set to operate automatically when the water m a tank is drained. In this study, a CWL is constructed in the valve drain controlling mode(VCM) and the siphon drain controlling mode(SCM), and a pressure transducer is installed. It was found that, in the VCM, intake flow volume is proportional to both delivery flow volume and drain flow volume. In the SCM, intake flow volume is proportional to drain flow volume, and the average delivery rate is proportional to both efficiency and the water utilization ratio. Also, in the VCM, the water utilization ratio is 35~49%, efficiency is 62~9O%, average delivery rate is 12.8~81.2$cm^3$/s, and the average drain rate is 14.O~91.5c$cm^3$/s. On the contrary in the SCM, the water utilization ratio is 1.7~38%, efficiency is 3~58%, average delivery rate is 3.1 ~69.2$cm^3$/s, and the average drain rate is shown as 114.5~ 183$cm^3$/s. As a result of the water utilization ratio, efficiency, average delivery rate, and average drain rate are compared, the VCM is found to be superior and the more economical mode. However, the VCM requires manpower and electricity to operate the electronic machinery involved, while the SCM requires no manpower or electricity at all. An economic evaluation of these differences will be necessary in the future. Also, in the SCM, studies to improve water utilization ratio and efficiency, to find the optimum height of the siphon for decreasing the average drain rate, and to determine the radius of curvature of throat have to be conducted in advance, since a large flow rate is drained during the priming action of the siphon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.484-487
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• 2007

This study was analyzed the correlation between physically measured values and psychological response for noise of water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom. It exhibited the noise criteria of water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom after recording noise of water supply and drain installations. Also, It was carried out the field psycho-acoustic test to find a correlation between physically measured values and psychological response of the noise criteria of water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom, and the results is that 40dB (A) to 45dB (A) was investigated suitable in lowest criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

There are the stirring test and drain test in the daily performance test to determine the thermal performance of a domestic solar hot water system. The drain test is a test that measures the discharge heating rate while drain the hot water from the top of the storage tank and supply the city water to the bottom of the tank. From the perspective of the user, this drain test is more effective than the stirring test. In this study, the thermal performance were compared through the drain test for a passive type and an active type domestic solar hot water systems consisting of the same storage tank and collectors. At this point, a passive type was used the horizontal storage tanks, and an active type was used vertical storage tank. In the drain test, when the hot water drained up to the reference hot water temperature, an active type which have vertical storage tank represents excellent daily performance than a passive type which have horizontal storage tank regardless of weather conditions. The reason for this is because the vertical storage tank is advantageous to thermal stratification in the tank. After the drain test, the residual heat for the horizontal storage tank was much more than the vertical storage tank, but in the next day the amount of discharged heat were less than the those of vertical storage tank neither. Thus, the solar water heating system which have horizontal storage tank should be adopted preheating control method rather than separate using control method when connected with auxiliary heat source device.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

This paper proposes the design and implementation of fluid flow generation system by using polypropylene(PP) water capture, which harvests electric energy from the kinetic energy of tidal current or water flow and drives the desired load, and applies it to the discharge drain of Hadong thermal power plant. This experimental system is composed of water captures, driving wheel, gear trains, 10[kW] synchronous generator, and three phase rectifying circuit which drives lamp load for test. The proposed water capturing system which is composed of water captures, rope and driving wheel, rotates as caterpillar according to water flow. This system is very easy to manufacture and more economical than another type of tidal current turbines such as conventional propeller and helical type. Also, we estimated the available fluid flow energy that can be extracted from the cooling water in discharge drain based on drain's cross-sectional area. Therefore, this paper confirms the validity of proposed fluid flow generation system with water captures and the possibility of its application for renewable energy generation in discharge drain of thermal power plant, from the obtained performance characteristic of this energy conversion system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

The horizontal drain method is one of the soil improvement methods in reclamation works using dredged soils. In this method, plastic drain boards are installed horizontally in the ground, and a seepage pressure or negative pressure is applied through one end of these drains. In this study, a basic consolidation test using horizontal drains was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this method. The configuration of soil box which was used in this test is 100cm(B)${\times}$100cm(L)${\times}$85cm(H). The drain board was reduced to 25mm${\times}$5mm. The variations in settlement and volume of drain water during the consolidation process were measured, and the distribution of water content and the transpormation of horizontal drain were investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1256-1263
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• 2010

Suction Drain Method is soft ground improvement technique, in which a vacuum pressure can be directly applied to the Vertical Drain Board to promote consolidation and strengthening the soft ground. This method does not require a surcharge load, different to embankment or Preloading Method. In this study, ground improvement efficiency of suction drain method was estimated when duplex loading pressure with vacuum and pressure. During suction drain method process, surface settlement and pore pressure were monitored, and cone resistance test as well as water content were also measured after the completion of Suction Drain Method treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 2015

The complaint was filed for the cold water damage to rice in accordance with the installation of buried drain pipes in the mountainous areas of the valley. Field research was conducted in order to identify and analyze relevance of cold water damage to rice with underground drain pipe installation. In conclusion, water temperature was analyzed by 0.5 to $4.5^{\circ}C$ lower than before the installation of underground drain pipes, so the cold water damage to rice was likely to occur at the rice paddy field using cold water passing through the underground drain pipe. Therefore, the rice harvest was estimated to be impossible without appropriate measures of water temperature rise such as use of small unshaded warming basins, before water is applied to fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

The analysis about consolidation characteristic in soft clay has been depending one-dimension consolidation analysis. but, drain and undrain zone are explicated as homogeneous by consolidation behavior following consoli- dated settlementsoft in soft clay. 1) Established sand drain in soft clay in many types, and measured water content, unconfined compression strength, vertical stress, horizontal stress, vertical settlement, pore water pressure. 2) Arranged the result from the test and numerically explicated effective stress, total stress, and effective stress path at the drain and undrain zone. 3) We also analyzed and comparied elastic and elastic-plastic in soft clay using measured data. The result analyzed does not approach to a special theory, but, it is well in accord with the result of other investigator's study in the same condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.3 s.120
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• pp.226-234
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• 2007

This study aims to evaluate noise emission from water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom. These noise were one of the most annoying noise sources in apartment houses. Especially, drain plumbing system have used bellow bathroom ceiling, it was very discomfort to hear the noise in bellow apartment. Noise of closets and faucets were measured which were main noise source, then these noise were evaluate and analyzed the emitting characteristics varying the supplying water pressure. As increasing the water pressure, also total noise level of the water supplying stool noise and faucet noise were increased. Especially the water closet showed remarkably the increasing noise level in middle and high frequency bandwidth, while the noise level of faucets increased in $50\;Hz{\sim}250\;Hz$ of low frequency bandwidth. Vortex closet were favorable to syphon closet, and lever faucet were favorable to conventional lavatory faucet on reducing the noise. Above these results could be used in basic data establishing KS (Korean Standard) for evaluation and rating procedure and measures reducing these noise.