• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.505-521
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• 2007

This study estimated response of water duality and pollutant behavior according to the discharge and reuse of treated wastewater by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model, and suggest plan that water quality management and environmental restoration in the coastal area including urban stream of Yeosu, Korea. Dispersions of low-saline water and COD by treated wastewater loads (design facility capacity, about $110,000m^3/d$) were very limited in near of effluent site. Nutrients, however, increase compared to the other water quality factors, especially total nitrogen was very sensitive to input loads. When reuse some of treated wastewater to Yeondeung stream, nitrogen was big influence on estuarine water quality. Although current characteristics of treated wastewater such as discharge and water quality were negligible to the change of marine environment, effluent concentration of COD, TN and TP, especially 40% of TN, are reduced within the allowable pollutant loads for satisfy environmental capacity and recommended water duality criteria. Also, controls of input point/non-point sources to Yeondeung stream and base concentration of pollutants in coastal sea itself are very necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2007

Performance indicators haven't been used for the assessment of the wastewater treatment facility or management in Korea yet, therefore they are going to be important parts in wastewater utilities because they are used to understand present situation and to compare one with other wastewater utilities. In this study, we used performance indicators to assess the condition of wastewater utilities and they were divided into four categories (A, B, C, and D). A category represented the condition of the planning & construction and composed of wastewater supply, disaster defence and employees. B category represented maintenance of wastewater utilities and were composed of manhole, sewer, and technical employees. C category showed the operation efficiency of wastewater utilities and D category represented the environmental load. To analyze the situation of wastewater utilities overall, cluster analysis was performed using four categori' es indicators. And CCC (Cubic Clustering Criterion) and R-square were used to decide the proper number of clusters, and wastewater utilities of 48 cities were divided into 5 groups(I, II, III, IV, and V groups). Each cluster was analyzed by average and standard deviation to understand the situation of wastewater utilities. A group analysis showed that IV and V clusters were insufficient, B group showed that I and IV groups were insufficient, C group showed all clusters are above average, and D group was also like C group.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2021

Constructed wetlands (CW) are artificially developed wetlands that are used to control water pollution. In central India, the field application of CW started on the late 1990s but are mostly focused on wastewater treatment. In this paper, different existing and experimental studies on constructed wetlands were reviewed to be able to determine the current status of wetlands in India to identify the type of CW that is more suitable in managing a specific target pollutant and type of wastewater. Wetlands were categorized into three types: vertical flow, horizontal flow, and hybrid while the wastewater were classified as domestic and industrial. Based on the review, 80% of constructed wetlands are used for treating domestic wastewater while 20% are treating industrial wastewater. Inflow analysis showed that industrial wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland produced the highest average concentration for parameters like COD (2851 mg/L) and BOD (5715 mg/L) while the lowest concentration was TN (13.97 mg/L) found in municipal wastewater. In terms of removing nonpoint source pollutants, it was revealed that vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are more effective at removing TSS and BOD as compared to horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCW) and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCW). HCW were found to be capable of efficiently removing COD and TN. Meanwhile, HFCW showed the highest TP removal among all the types of wetlands. In addition, VFCW were more effective for domestic wastewater while HCW are more effective for treating industrial wastewater. Lastly, there is currently a need to conduct further research on constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater as well as stormwater treatment to be able to gather more data and improve wetland design, performance, and maintenance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2019

Traditional wastewater research mainly focuses on 1) estimating the amount of waste entering sewage treatment facilities, 2) evaluating the treatment efficiency of sewage facilities, 3) investigating the role of sewage treatment effluent as a point source, and 4) designing and managing sewage treatment facilities. However, since wastewater contains a variety of chemical and biological substances due to the discharge of human excreta and material used for daily living into it, the collective constituents of wastewater are likely a reflection of a community's status. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), an emerging and promising field of study that involves the analysis of substances in wastewater, can be applied to monitor the state of a defined community. WBE provides opportunities for exploiting indicators in wastewater to fulfill various objectives. The data analyzed under WBE are those pertaining to selected natural and anthropogenic substances in wastewater that are a result of the discharge of metabolic excreta, illicit or legal drugs, and infectious pathogens into the wastewater. This paper reviews recent progress in WBE and addresses current challenges in the field. It primarily discusses several representative applications including the investigation of drug consumption across different communities and the management of community disease and health. Finally, it summarizes established indicators for WBE.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

Demand side management(DSM) is the newly raised issues in the water resources management in recent. Many of the policy tools among demand management, the most important measures might be a pricing system. Furthermore, the responses of consumers on the price for water consumption level is the key factor for policy making. Here, we estimated panel data for 167 regions and over 7 years periods in Korea. Compare to other previous studies the price elasticities were somewhat low. The estimated price elasticity was -0.05. It was because the short term estimated period may derive lower elasticities. However, it might be a recent trend after the continuous increment of water pricing and consumers not willing to decrease their residential water consumption with increasing water pricing. According to this results, water saving effect might be much smaller than we expect with pricing policy. However, It does not imply there is no price effects on water consumption and it's still meaningful as a tool of water management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.453-465
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• 2007

With rapid expansion of the water market and growth of water companies, the recent trends in international water industry show that standardization of service activities concerning management of water and wastewater system (ISO/TC 224, to be issued in the second half year of 2007) is expected to have a large influence on the global water market including liberalization of water service market. In the Draft International Standard(DIS) of ISO/TC224, Performance Indicators(PIs) are suggested to estimate the service activities relating to water and wastewater treatment facilities. PIs have been developed in many countries including some international organization(World Bank, IWA and etc.) for service benchmarking. To evaluate public service level and establish plans to improve service level of wastewater utilities, we developed PIs for 120 items and applied them to 10 sewage utilities in the consideration of their scales, circumstances and conditions. In this study, we verified the applicability of the developed performance indicators(PIs). So, we concluded that PIs developed for the purpose of this study can be a useful tool applicable to objective evaluation of the service level of sewage utilities. Using the evaluation tool of PIs developed, it can also be used as a benchmarking tool in this industry as well as for enhancing the efficiency of operation and management of the sewage system. It will also contribute to the water resource management through determination of investment priorities based on the evaluation results and to raising international competitiveness of the domestic sewage utilities to meet the future opening of the water market.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

To deal with the water pollution arising from the construction site, this study raises the issues of management and laws and it suggest the efficient way to reduce water pollution by through the case studies. In order to study, seven cases were selected from "Construction Environmental Management Best Practice Competition" co - sponsored by Construction Association of Korea and Construction Environment Association. As a study result, there are problems that depending on the characteristic of the construction site environment simple alone settling facilities can not handle muddy and dirty water generated by the construction site. However, when the construction site applied improved water pollution control facilities with reflecting the characteristic of muddy and dirty water. The problem can be solved moreover it can achieve exceeded emission standard. Therefore new regulations and management with water pollution control facilities considering characteristic of environment is needed to cope with water pollution arising from the construction site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-47
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• 1998

Doam Lake is located around the pasture area and Yongpyung Resort. Because of the waste load of domestic animals, nutrient concentration of the stream is high. In this study, waste load of Doam Lake watershed is calculated, and QUAL2E model is applied to the upper part of the Songcheon to calculate the input boundary concentration of Doam Lake. And WASP5 model is applied for the water quality modeling of Doam lake. The results indicate that advanced treatment of domestic animal wastes is necessary for the lake water quality management.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2016

This study was conducted to suggest the cause analysis and mitigation measures of foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The foam generated in the outlet connected with the tidal river system was identified as structural problems. And the main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. In consideration of these conditions, it present the effective ways such as micro-screen and submerged outlet, to mitigate the foaming generated in the water channel and outlet end.