• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.9-13
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• 1995

In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2013

This study discussed the influence of mixtures and curing conditions on the development of strength and microstructure of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials. Through pilot experiment, various RPC was manufactured by adding single or mixed ternary pozzolanic materials such as silica fume, blast furnace slag and fly ash by mass of cement, up to 0~65%, and cured by using 4 types of method which are water and air-dried curing at $20^{\circ}C$, steam and hot-water curing at $90^{\circ}C$. The results show that the use of ternary pozzolanic materials and a suitable curing method are an effective method for improving development of strength and microstructure of RPC. The unit volume of cement was greatly reduced in RPC with ternary pozzolanic materials and unlike hydration reaction in cement, the pozzolanic reaction noticeably contributes to a reduction in hydration heat and dry shrinkage. A considerable improvement was found in the flexural strength of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials, and then the utilization of a structural member subjected to bending was expected. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) revealed that the microstructure of RPC was denser by using the ternary pozzolanic materials than the original RPC containing silica fume only.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigated mixing ratio of redginseng marc using organic waste resource for production cost-reduction of oyster mushroom. Redginseng marc were examined as substitute of cottonseed meal which was primary nutritive material of mushroom growing substrate. Total nitrogen and carbon source of redginseng marc was 45% and 2.7%, respectively and C/N ratio was 16.7. Total nitrogen source and pH of substrate mixed with redginseng marc was 4.6~4.9 and 2.5~2.8, respectively. The contents of $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ and MgO were decreased by increasing redginseng marc, but increased at the 20% redginseng marc. The contents of CaO was increased by increasing redginseng marc, but there was no significant difference in $Na_2O$ content. The more mixing ratio of redginseng marc was increased in column test, the more mycelial growth growed slowly. Yields of fruiting body was no significant difference compared with control group by adding of 10~50% redsingeng marc instead of cottonseed meal, but decreased sharply at only 20% redsingeng marc without cottonseed meal. The L value of pileus by increasing redginseng marc decreased during mushroom harvest, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 2015

As environmental issues are emerging, bio-plastic suppliers in leading countries have been foreseeing the strong needs for environment-friendly materials such as eco-packing materials due to increased attention and regulation on recycle. To catch up with the demand, various types of bio-plastics based on natural feedstocks were developed and released on a market. These bio-plastic products drew the great attention even in domestic industries. At present, international oil price fluctuation and heavy charge on waste raise the unit cost of production and disposal expense of conventional plastic materials. These conditions make bio-plastic an alternative, because it is not restrained by oil prices and problem in the disposal. It is also expected that bio-plastic will be applied to various types of products including containers, industrial supplies, disposables, and medical supplies. However, the bio-plastic is still in its infancy, thus more research and understanding should be followed to put it to application. Bio-plastic is considered as environment-friendly material with high potential which has the advantages of production and disposal.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2020

Concrete recycling is becoming mandatory rather selective due to depletion of constructional materials and increase of concrete waste. Studies on recycling concrete are conducted in various point of view for long time. However, standard or guideline of many countries for the application of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) has restrictions such as low replacement rate of coarse aggregate and no fine aggregate allowed due to inferior material properties of recycled aggregate. This study intends to figure out the feasibility of casting natural aggregate concrete(NAC) and RAC separately in a structural member. In making RAC, replacement rate of coarse aggregate was 50, 100% in RAC and treatment of interface of two concretes is introduced. RAC treatment of recycled aggregate or inclusion of additives was not done as it can increase embodied energy of concrete work. Double-shear test with uniformly distributed loading was adopted to evaluate shear strength at the interface of two concretes. After curing it was hard to distinguish interface of two concretes. Experimental result revealed that specimen with higher replacement rate showed higher shear-to-compressive strength ratio, which is possibly attributed to coarse aggregate size and roughness of sheared section. Further study on the effect of various parameters is required and subsequent research activity is on-going.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.123-135
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• 2003

This study was conducted to present the fundamental data on physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of salad dressing by chicken foot gelatin. Preliminary experiments were performed for conforming the concentration of gelatin powder to make the gelatin solution. Gelatin solution of 2% including agar of 0.5% was fixed for using the followed experiments. Sensory evalution was conducted to compare the organoleptic acceptance of dressing manufactured with the difference of the concentration of additives, seasoning soybean sauce, mayonnaise, and sesame powder. Gelatin-dressing prepared with seasoning soybean sauce of 10% appeared the most acceptance. In mustard mayonnaise dressing made with gelatin solution, 10% of mayonnaise added was good in low concentration. Sesame dressing prepared with gelatin solution by adding sesame powder of 30 g was excellent. Shear stresses to shear rates of dressing were tested at 45$^{\circ}C$. Viscosity of soybean sauce dressing decreased following to increase of the content. However, mustard mayonnaise and sesame dressing appeared the opposite results. Viscosities of the dressings statistically increased by the increase of the concentration of the addition of gelatin powder. The decrease of turbidity was observed in mayonnaise dressing and in sesame dressing. Color difference values of all dressings did not appear any differences. At sensory test to the dressings prepared with gelatin solution of the different concentration of 1, 2 and 4 % of gelatin powder, dressings with 2%(4 g) of gelatin appeared the highest score in overall acceptance in all samples. In this study conducted to efficiently use a waste product of chicken house, chicken foot, the use of the chicken foot is expected as a new raw material for producing collagen and gelatin, protein source widely increasing in the field of food and bioindustries.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2001

Generally, polymer mortar made with unsaturated polyester(UP) resin has a high curing shrinkage. This is an inadequate as repair material and construction products that have been widely used for years recently. To overcome these problems, polymer researchers and engineers have used shrinkage-reducing additives, which are usually specific thermoplastic polymers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of shrinkage-reducing additive on the curing shrinkage and strengths of UP mortar. UP mortars are prepared with expanded polystyrene(EPS) ratio in styrene monomer(SM), (EPS/PS, PS=EPS+SM), and the ratio of total polystyrene resin(PS) to UP resin, (PS/UP). And it is tested for viscosity of UP resin, slump-flow, working life, flexural and compressive strengths, and curing shrinkage tests. From the test results, viscosity of resin for UP mortar increases with increasing PS content. Curing shrinkage of UP mortar is considerably smaller than that of plain UP mortar, nevertheless, reduction in the strengths is not recognized according to adding PS resin. In this study, we can obtain the optimum mix proportions of UP mortar using PS resin which made of waste expanded polystyrene.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

The effects of calcium type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin have been studied in a thermal analyze. (TGA, DSC) and a small batch reactor. The calcium type catalysts tested were calcinated dolomite, lime, and calcinated oyster shell. As the results of TGA experiments, pyrolysis starting temperature for LDPE varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to heating rate, but EVA resin had the 1st pyrolysis temperature range of $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and the 2nd pyrolysis temperature range of $425{\sim}525^{\circ}C$. The calcinated dolomite enhanced the pyrolysis rate in LDPE pyrolysis reaction, while the calcium type catalysts reduced the pyrolysis rate in EVA pyrolysis reaction. In the DSC experiments, addition of calcium type catalysts reduced the melting point, but did not affect to the heat of fusin. Calcinated dolomite reduced 20% of the heat of pyrolysis reaction. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of calcinated dolomite and lime enhanced the yield of fuel oil, but did not affect to the distribution of carbon numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2003

This was preliminary study that was to find out the developing point in military meal service to focus on seafood dishes that recently increased plate waste. This study was conducted to analyze menu patterns in military meal service. The result of this study was using to develop new seafood dishes in military meal service. On the basis of some findings, several developing points how to plan meals include many kinds of seafood dishes and to modify taste and cooking method that was more highly prefered by young military persons were suggested. This preliminary study findings were as follows: 1. Each meal was served cooked rice and 4 kinds of dishes(soup or stew, main dish, side dish and kimchi) 2. The seafood dishes was served as 28.6% in soup or stew, 35.0% in main dish and 36.4% in side dish of total serving of seafood dishes. 3. All of raw materials of seafood were supplied by frozen, several items were supplied dried material. Supplying seafood items were limited. Numbers of using seafood items were using 2.7 times per day. Laver and squid was most frequently used. 4. Seafood dishes were frequently serving in breakfast, especially seasoned & toasted laver was served 28.8% of seafood menu in breakfast because of convenience. 5. The nutrients contents of each dishes were as follows, the soup was $86.5{\pm}3.2kcal$ and $10.9{\pm}8.9g$ of animal protein, stew was $165.3{\pm}70.2kcal$ and $13.3{\pm}7.9g$ of animal protein. Nutrients content of other main dish and side dishes was different from 108.1kcal (in steaming dish) to 412.4kcal (in deep-fat frying dish) according to different cooking method. The highest animal protein dish that contented $18.9{\pm}5.1g$ of protein was pan-frying dish or grilling dish. Lowest one was $8.4{\pm}4.9g$ in braising dish. 6. Major cooking method of seafood was stew and the next was deep fat frying, stirfrying and braising. Pan-frying or grilling was seldomly used in military menu because of limitation of kitchen facilities and cooking utensils. On the basis of these findings, newely developing military seafood menus were focused on combination dish(such as seafood cooked rice or seafood fried rice) and many kinds of sauce that was applied to deep-fat frying dishes.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.832-846
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the vapor permeability of nine different species of domestic softwood and the vapor permeability evaluation through the production of small wall structures for the developing applications, utilizing the vapor permeability of wood. In addition, the permeability evaluation was attempted by means of the production of a small wall structure injected with a waste material, bottom ash, as a moisture absorbent for improving the permeability. Consequently, the results of the vapor permeability evaluation by means of S_d value are as follows: (1) It was observed that Abies holiphylla, Picea jezoensis, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida are permeable to moisture among 9 species of domestic softwood in Korea. (2) By means of this, semi-permeability efficiency was evaluated when producing a small wall structure. (3) Besides, improved effects of permeability were evaluated when producing a small wall structure inserted with bottom ash. As a result, it was confirmed that the S_d value of Pinus koraiensis turned out to be 1.63, which is superior to other 8 tree species.