• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.924-929
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• 2002

To recycle waste materials, this work was focused on development of glass-ceramic from incinerator fly ash with a large content of Cl and its physical property was evaluated. In the process, water washing as a pre-treatment before melting the fly ash was used to remove large amount of Cl component in the ash and to reduce melting temperature. As a result, glass was obtained at below $100^{\circ}C$ compared to the melting temperature before washing the ash. Also, internal crystallization occurred under single stage heat treatment (at $850-950^{\circ}C$ for 20-340min) without adding other materials into the ash. It was shown that the glass-ceramic was composed of four crystals, diopside, anorthite, akermanite, and unknown phase. Hardness of 8.3GPa was found in the glass-ceramic, which is a high value compared to reported others. Thus, the present process suggests that a good glass-ceramic produced from an incinerator ash could be applicable for structural materials in terms of economic and environmental points.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2014

본 연구는 chlorantraniliprole과 ethaboxam 성분에 대해 결구 배추 속과 겉잎 중 잔류수준을 비교하고 겉잎의 수세, 데치기 및 가열조리에 의한 농약 잔류량의 변화를 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. Chlorantraniliprole은 3회 살포(수확 전 30일)한 배추 속과 겉잎(포기의 바깥 4장)에서 각각 <0.01 mg/kg, 0.076 mg/kg으로, 4회 살포(수확 전 10일)한 배추 속과 겉잎에서 각각 <0.01 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg 수준으로 잔류하였다. Ethaboxam은 3회 살포(수확 전 30일)한 배추 속과 겉잎에서 각각 <0.05 mg/kg, 0.22 mg/kg으로, 4회 살포(수확 전 10일)한 배추 속과 겉잎에서 각각 <0.05 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg 수준으로 잔류하였다. 실험한 두 성분은 배추 속에서는 검출되지 않지만 겉잎에 10-100배 높은 수준으로 잔류하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 배추 속을 재료로 하는 배추김치는 농약에 대한 안전성에 대해 우려할 필요가 없을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 농약 잔류실험에서 배추 시료 수확시 겉잎의 제거정도에 대해 주의해야 될 것으로 생각된다. 한편 우거지에서는 두 성분의 잔류농도가 배추 겉잎의 10% 미만으로, 가열처리까지 하게 되면 5% 미만으로 낮아져 수세 및 데치기와 같은 우거지 제조과정에서 상당량의 농약이 제거되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.185-208
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• 1997

A Literatual Study on the external treatment of eye diseases, the result were as follows. 1. The external treatment of eye diseases used eyedrops(點,滴), steam bath(熏), washing(洗), plaster(敷). 2. Eyedrops used filterated decoction. 3. Eye diseases used Bomeolum(永片), Coptidis Rhiwma(黃連), Angelicae gigantis Radix(當歸) with clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away swelling, pain, ithing and convulsion, clearing away nebula 4. Eye diseases used B-1(晴明), B-2(찬竹), Tae-Yang(太陽), S-1(承泣), G-1(瞳子료), S-2(四白), TE-23(絲竹空), Eo-Yo(魚腰), G-14(陽白), Gu-Hu(球後), G-20(風池), B-18(肝兪), LI-4(合谷), Liv-3(太衡, B-23(腎兪), G-37(光明), Liv-2(行間), GV-23(上星), and S-36(足三里).

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.319-335
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• 2000

According to the literatual study on the external medical trearment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea for gynecologic condition, the results were as follows. 1. Using external medical treatment for Menorrhalgia is to insert vagina theraphy, fumigation theraphy, to wash vagina theraphy, to insert anus theraphy, to apply hot pack theraphy and use with suppository such as BANSUKHWAN(礬石丸), SASANGZASAN(蛇床子散), KUMBONGHYUNGJU(金鳳衡珠) 2. Using external medical treatment for Leucorrhea is washing and fumigation on vagina, to wash vagina, to insert vagina, cleansing theraphy and use with Suppository such as YONGYEOMGO(龍鹽膏), KAMISASANGJASAN(加味蛇床子散), SASANGSACHUNGSEJE(蛇床子洗劑). 3. ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX (當歸) is in mostly general use for external medical treatment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea, in that order ANSU SEMEN(杏仁), EVODIAE FRUCTUS(吳茱萸), TORILIS FRUCTUS (蛇床子), CORYDALIS TUBER(玄胡索), CINIAMOMI CORTEX(肉桂), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), ALUMEN(枯白礬), AQUILARIAE LIGNUM (沈香). 4. The efficacy of medicines to use external medical treatment is as follow to help circulation of blood, to warm spleen and stomach, to warm blood, to warm uterus and remove cold, to remove heat and dry moisture, to down heat-product, to contract bloodvessel, to counteract poison and destory virus, to make energy and blood. 5. KUMBONGHYUNGJU, made same size as cherry and shape vagina medicine, use for Menorrhalgia, menstural irregularity, Leucorrhea, it has the efficacy as follow to remove cold and dry moisture, to warm uterus, to help circulation and romove pain, to down moisture-heat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1094-1099
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• 1998

Newly introduced aseptic process for cooked rice was optimized by evaluating the process parameters. The optimal conditions were as follows: ratio of washing water to rice, 3:1 by weight; steeping at 20oC for 20min; heat shock at 140oC for 7sec with 8 repetitions; addition of 0.2% glucono lactone solution; cooking at 103oC for 30min. The final products were incubated at 37oC and 50oC for 8 weeks and no spoilage was occurred at both temperatures. Furthermore, any significant losses of sensory and physicochemical qualities were not observed.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

PET fabric was grafted with $CF_4$ or $C_2F_6$ plasmas generated by glow discharge. The water repellency of plasma-treated fabrics were evaluated with contact angle meter. The change in surface morphologies was observed by SEM, and the change of surface chemical characteristics were analyzed by FT-IR, ESCA and microchemical analysis technique. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The contact angle of plasma-treated fabric was over $150^\circ{C}$. 2) It was observed by SEM that the surface of treated substrate was over coated with thin film formed by the fluorocarbon plasma treatment. 3) According to ESCA analysis, there were prevailing -CHF-, $-CF_2$- and a little $-CF_3$ components on fluorocarbon plasma treated substrate. -CHF- and $-CF_2$- components were reduced by washing, and $-CF_2$- component was recovered by heat treatment. 4) In consideration of quantitative analysis of fluorine and F/C ratio by ESCA, we found that fluorination reached to the inner of substrate.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2019

Currently, the Korean nuclear industry uses ZIRLO as material for nuclear fuel cladding(zirconium alloy). KEPCO Nuclear Fuel is in the process of developing a HANA alloy to enable domestic production of cladding. Cladding manufacture involves multistage heat treatments and pickling processes, the latter of which is vital for the removal of defects and impurities on the cladding surface. SMUT that forms on the cladding surface during such pickling process is a source of surface defects during heat treatment and post-treatment processes if not removed. This study analyzes ZIRLO, HANA-4, and HANA-6 alloy claddings to extensively study the SEM/EDS, XRD, and particle size characteristics of SMUT, which are second phase particles that are formed on the cladding surface during pickling processes. Using the analysis results, this study observes SMUT formation characteristics according to Nb concentration in Zr alloys during the washing process following the pickling process. In addition, this study observes SMUT removal characteristics on cladding surfaces according to concentrations of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the acid solution.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2019

In this study, when printed on a nylon material, the color strength and fastness are lower than that of a polyester material, and the nylon material shrinks due to heat and pressure, resulting in poor design and poor compatibility. To overcome this problem, we investigated the possibility of transfer DTP by adding pre-treatment process to nylon transfer DTP process. For the basic study of pre-treatment preparation, we used pure nylon material which is not compounded and dispersion ink and transfer paper applied to existing PET transfer DTP. Pre-treatment preparations were classified into three types of acryl-base polymer and pre-treated with nylon and then applied to transfer DTP to confirm their color strength and fastness. The color strength of the pre-treated nylon material increased and poly-methyl-acrylate amulsion pre-treatment showed the best color at $210^{\circ}C$, 1.5m/min and 0.3MPa. The nylon material pre-treated with washing, friction, and light fastness was judged to be more excellent and stable.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of a high-energy milling (HEM) process on the particle morphology and the correlation between a thermal treatment and tetragonal/monoclinic nanostructured zirconia powders obtained by a precipitation process. To eliminate chloride residue ions from hydrous zirconia, a modified washing method was used. It was found that the used washing method was effective in removing the chloride from the precipitated gel. In order to investigate the effect of a pre-milling process on the particle morphology of the precipitate, dried $Zr(OH)_4$ was milled using a HEM machine with distilled water. The particle size of the $Zr(OH)_4$ powder exposed to HEM reduced to 100~150 nm, whereas that of fresh $Zr(OH)_4$ powder without a pre-milling process had a large and irregular size of 100 nm~1.5 ${\mu}m$. Additionally, modified heat treatment process was proposed to achieve nano-sized zirconia having a pure monoclinic phase. It was evident that two-step calcining process was effective in perfectly eliminating the tetragonal phase, having a small average particle of ~100 nm with good uniformity compared to the sample calcined by a single-step process, showing a large average particle size of ~300 nm with an irregular particle shape and a broad particle size distribution. The modified method is considered to be a promising process for nano-sized zirconia having a fully monoclinic phase.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

In this study, selected cotton fabrics and polyester/cotton(P/C) blended fabrics are treated with a soluble polyurethane(SPU) and then, printed by heat transfer to determine the effect of SPU treatment on dye uptake of the samples. The results obtained are as follows： 1) In heat transfer, dye-uptake gets higher in Vopotion to temperature and time. The optimum printing temperature and printing time of C.I. Disperse Orange 3 and C.I. Disperse Violet 1 are $200^\circ{C}$ and 50sec. 2) Dye-uptake gets higher according to SPU concentration ; both cotton and P/C fabrics show the highest at $100g/\ell$. 3) In color, as temperature, time and SPU concentration increase, P/C fabrics show more yellowish orange color than cotton fabrics in case of C.I. Disperse Orange 3 and P/C fabrics show more reddish violet color than cotton fabrics in case of C.I. Disperse Violet 1. 4) All fastness of cotton and P/C fabrics treated with SPU are good, but color fastness to washing and water of cotton fabrics treated with SPU are not good.