• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.254-266
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• 2017

Finite-element analysis based on elastic-perfectly plastic material was conducted to examine the influence of structural deformations on collapse loads of circumferential through-wall critically cracked $90^{\circ}$ pipe bends undergoing in-plane closing bending and internal pressure. The critical crack is defined for a through-wall circumferential crack at the extrados with a subtended angle below which there is no weakening effect on collapse moment of elbows subjected to in-plane closing bending. Elliptical and semioval cross sections were postulated at the bend regions and compared. Twice-elastic-slope method was utilized to obtain the collapse loads. Structural deformations, namely, ovality and thinning, were each varied from 0% to 20% in steps of 5% and the normalized internal pressure was varied from 0.2 to 0.6. Results indicate that elliptic cross sections were suitable for pipe ratios 5 and 10, whereas for pipe ratio 20, semioval cross sections gave satisfactory solutions. The effect of ovality on collapse loads is significant, although it cancelled out at a certain value of applied internal pressure. Thinning had a negligible effect on collapse loads of bends with crack geometries considered.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.8 s.239
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• pp.1070-1077
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• 2005

The $40\%$ of wall thickness criterion which has been used as a plugging rule is applicable only to a single cracked steam generator tubes. In the previous studies performed by authors, several failure prediction models were introduced to estimate the plastic collapse pressures of steam generator tubes containing collinear or parallel two adjacent axial through-wall cracks. The objective of this study is to examine the failure prediction models and propose optimum ones for non-aligned two axial through-wall cracks in steam generator tubes. In order to determine the optimum ones, a series of plastic collapse tests and finite element analyses were carried out for steam generator tubes with two machined non-aligned axial through-wall cracks. Thereby, either the plastic zone contact model or COD based model was selected as the optimum one according to axial distance between two clacks. Finally, the optimum failure prediction model was used to demonstrate the conservatism of flaw characterization rules for various multiple flaws according to ASME code.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

This guidance purpose is setting Safety Health work instruction for prevent accident such as falling from heights work, collapse and trapped under the heavy equipment and Sediment collapse during retaining wall work by unsder the Industry Safety and Health rules.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

The development of data-based models requires uncertainty analysis to explain the accuracy of their predictions. In this paper, an uncertainty analysis of the support vector regression (SVR) model, which is a data-based model, was performed because previous research showed that the SVR method accurately estimates the collapse moments of wall-thinned pipe bends and elbows. The uncertainty analysis method used in this study was an analytic uncertainty analysis method, and estimates with a 95% confidence interval were obtained for 370 test data points. From the results, the prediction interval (PI) was very narrow, which means that the predicted values are quite accurate. Therefore, the proposed SVR method can be used effectively to assess and validate the integrity of the wall-thinned pipe bends and elbows.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-181
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• 2019

Seismic performance of ordinary reinforced concrete shear wall systems commonly used in high-rise residential buildings is evaluated. Three types of shear walls exceeding 60m in height are designed by performance-based seismic design. Then, incremental dynamic analysis is performed collapse probability is assessed in accordance with the procedure of FEMA P695. As a result, story drift, plastic rotation, and compressive strain are observed to be major failure modes, but shear failure occur little. Collapse probability and collapse margin ratio of performance groups do not meet requirement of FEMA P695. It is observed that critical wall elements fail due to excessive compressive strain. Therefore, the compressive strain of concrete at the boundary area of the shear wall needs to be evaluated with more conservative acceptance criteria.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2003

The 40% of wall criterion, which is generally used for the plugging of steam generator tubes, may be applied only to a single crack. In the previous study, a total of 9 failure models were introduced to estimate the local failure of the ligament between cracks and the optimum coalescence model of multiple collinear cracks was determined among these models. It is, however, known that parallel axial cracks are more frequently detected during an in-service inspection than collinear axial cracks. The objective of this study is to determine the plastic collapse model which can be applied to the steam generator tube containing two parallel axial through-wall cracks. Nine previously proposed local failure models were selected as the candidates. Subsequently interaction effects between two adjacent cracks were evaluated to screen them. Plastic collapse tests for the plate with two parallel through-wall cracks and finite element analyses were performed for the determination of the optimum plastic collapse model. By comparing the test results with the prediction results obtained from the candidate models, a plastic zone contact model was selected as an optimum model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.316-326
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• 2004

The $40\%$ of wall criterion, which is generally used for the plugging of steam generator tubes, is applied only to a single crack. In a previous study, a total number of 9 failure models were proposed to estimate the local failure of the ligament between cracks, and the optimum coalescence model of multiple collinear cracks was determined among these models. It is, however known that parallel axial cracks are more frequently detected than collinear axial cracks during an in-service inspection. The objective of this study is to determine the plastic collapse model that can be applied to steam generator tubes containing two parallel axial through-wall cracks. Three previously proposed local failure models were selected as the candidates. Subsequently, the interaction effects between two adjacent cracks were evaluated to screen them. Plastic collapse tests for the plate with two parallel through-wall cracks and finite element analyses were performed to determine the optimum plastic collapse model. By comparing the test results with the prediction results obtained from the candidate models, a COD base model was selected as an optimum model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 2004

In this work, the collapse moment due to wall-thinning defects is estimated by using fuzzy neural networks. The developed fuzzy neural networks have been applied to the numerical data obtained from the finite element analysis. Principal component analysis is used to preprocess the input signals into the fuzzy neural network to reduce the sensitivity to the input change and the fuzzy neural networks are trained by using the data set prepared for training (training data) and verified by using another data set different (independent) from the training data. Also, two fuzzy neural networks are trained for two data sets divided into the two classes of extrados and intrados defects, which is because they have different characteristics. The relative 2-sigma errors of the estimated collapse moment are 3.07% for the training data and 4.12% for the test data. It is known from this result that the fuzzy neural networks are sufficiently accurate to be used in the wall-thinning monitoring of elbows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

The failure mode of a pipe due to local wall thinning is increasingly more attention in the nuclear power plant industry. To assess the integrity of locally wall thinned pipe, it is necessary to perform many simulations under various conditions. Because the modeling for locally wall thinned elbow is more complicated than that of straight pipe the efficient modeling method for finite element analysis is necessary. In this study, the more simple efficient modeling method of three-dimensional finite element analysis for locally wall thinned elbow has been suggested and verified. And using the method, the failure mode of local wall thinned elbows that have different thinning lengths and circumferential angles is evaluated. From the results, we concluded that the collapse load of elbows has been decreased by the increase of wall thinning shape factors such as thinning lengths and circumferential angles.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2007

A new finite shear wall element model and a method for calculation of 3D multi-storied only shear walled or shear walled - framed structures using finite shear wall elements assumed ideal elasto - plastic material are developed. The collapse load of the system subjected to factored constant gravity loads and proportionally increasing lateral loads is calculated with a method of load increments. The shape functions over the element are determined as a cubic variation along the story height and a linear variation in horizontal direction because of the rigid behavior of the floor slab. In case shear walls are chosen as only one element in every floor, correct solutions are obtained by using this developed element. Because of the rigid behavior of the floor slabs, the number of unknowns are reduced substantially. While in framed structures, classical plastic hinge hypothesis is used, in nodes of shear wall elements when vertical deformation parameter is exceeded ${\varepsilon}_e$, this node is accepted as a plastic node. While the system is calculated with matrix displacement method, for determination of collapse safety, plastic displacements and plastic deformations are taken as additional unknowns. Rows and columns are added to the system stiffness matrix for additional unknowns.