• 노동경제논집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.167-190
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• 2000

1997년 말 외환위기 이후 한국의 노동시장용 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 외환위기에서 2년이 경과한 현재 실업률이 빠르게 하락하고 임금수준은 위기 이전으로 회복하였으나, 고용수준은 아직 회복되지 않은 상황이며, 분배구조가 외환위기 전에 비해 상당히 악화된 것으로 파악되고 있다. 현재의 상황에서 우려되는 것은 1970년대 이후 유럽에서 발생한 것처럼 고실업이 지속되는 현상이다. 본고에서는 균형실업률의 추정을 통하여 이러한 우려가 현실로 나타날 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 경고하고 있다. 향후 고용 및 실업정책의 최우선 목표는 본원적인 일자리 창출을 통해 구조적 실업률을 저하시키기 위한 종합적인 정책을 시행해야 할 시기라 판단된다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.143-178
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• 2004

엄밀한 성장요인 분석을 위해서는 취업자수 및 인적 물적 자본스톡 뿐 아니라 취업자의 평균 취업시간 및 취업시간 변화에 따른 노동능률의 변화를 동시에 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 구간별로 발표되고 있는 주당 취업시간별 취업자수 통계에 최우추정법을 적용하여 총취업자의 단위 기간당 취업시간의 분포를 추정하고, 임금통계를 이용하여 단위 기간당 취업시간 변화에 따른 노동의 능률변화패턴을 추정한 후, 이를 결합하여 1963~2003년 기간중 총취업자의 주당 취업시간과 노동능률지표를 추정하였다. 추정결과에 따르면 주당 취업시간이 40시간일 때에 노동의 능률이 최대화되며, 1963~2003년 기간중 노동능률지표의 연평균 증가율은 0.14%로 계산되었다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the mobility of newly graduated nurses from regions where their nursing schools were located to regions where they took up their first jobs, and to identify factors influencing nurses' mobility. Methods: Data from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, collected annually from 2010 to 2014 by the Korea Employment Information Service, were analyzed. The sample consisted of 1,488 graduates and 1,229 nurses who were employed on a full-time basis in hospitals. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with geographic mobility. Results: Among the nurses working in hospitals, 69.2% had their first jobs in their nursing school regions and 11.3% in their high school regions. Fifty-two percent of the nurses worked in the capital region; 47.2% thereof had moved from a non-capital region. Nurses were more likely to work in their nursing school region when they were female, were older, graduated from a high school located in their nursing school region, graduated from a college (vs. university), had a lower nursing school performance, and expected lower monthly wage, compared with those who left their nursing school region. Conclusion: Education and remuneration policies are required to reduce geographical mobility to the capital region.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2020

Higher education has long been considered as a means of human resource development in a nation. The faculty member plays a significant role in improving the quality of higher education. It is clear that job satisfaction and motivation have effect on the faculty member's performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the levels and factors affecting lecturers' motivation in Vietnamese public universities. In this study, ordinary least squares (OLS) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) have been utilized to identify the factors affecting work motivation of lecturers at Vietnamese universities. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 189 lecturers at different public universities in Vietnam. The finding indicates that seven factors including Work characteristics (WC), Wage and welfare (WW), Social recognition (SR), Peer relationships (PR), Training and promotion opportunities (PO), Leader caring (LC) and Teacher-student interaction and student's attitude (IA) have positive effect on lecturers' work motivation. Among these factors, Teacher-student interaction and student's attitude (IA) has the strongest impact with the coefficient of 0.631 and Peer relationships (PR) has the least impact on work motivation with the coefficient of 0.020. The study findings can facilitate the understanding of how to increase work satisfaction at the universities in Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1263-1268
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• 2021

This study investigates how dramatic increase of university and college graduates affects labor market outcomes. Using a series of seven repeated cross sections of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys, this paper analyzed the changes in the rate of returns to higher education attainment along with the increased supply of university and college graduates due to the higher education expansion throughout the 2002-2014 period. The study utilized a ratio of number of university and college students to the number of upper-secondary pupils within each province as an instrumental variable to calculate the effects of higher education expansion on the labor wage. The study found that, with the basic equations, the coefficients for higher education attainment are statistically significant and have positive values for the whole period. Our instrumental variables were found to be valid. For instrumental variable estimation, the return to higher education in IV earning equations was quite high. The findings of this study suggested that the expansion of the higher education system in Vietnam during 2002-2014 had positive effects on wages for those who increased their education attainment due to the reforms and there was a declining trend of the returns to higher education toward the end of the period.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2021

Globalization has greatly contributed to an increased need for improvement of human capital, and particularly in the development of the real estate and construction sector. Since the political and economic reforms in 1986, Vietnam has experienced a strong economic performance. The real estate and construction sector is one of the fastest growing industries in Vietnam, accounting for approximately 7.6% of GDP in Vietnam. The aim of this study is to identify critical factors influencing the satisfaction of employees to their working place. The sample data collected was from 265 employees, managers and staff in real estate and construction companies in Vietnam. After revising the missing data, and the errors, 240 valid respondents are selected. In addition, the analysis also employs SPSS software by discussing descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and regression analysis. Our empirical findings show that a company offering greater wages can positively affect the satisfaction of employees to their working place in the real estate and construction sector. In addition, a firm with a superior working relationship and working environment has a positive and statistically significant impact on the satisfaction of employees to their working place.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 2001

교육은 일반적으로 긍정적 외부효과를 가진 것으로 인식되어 교육에 대한 공공투자가 정당화되고 있다. 본 연구는 1995년 인구주택총조사와 1998년 한국노동패널을 이용하여 도시별 산업별 인적자본의 분포를 살펴보고 도시와 산업의 평균교육년수가 임금에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 인적자본의 외부효과를 분석하였다. 일반적으로 수도권 도시들의 평균교육년수가 다른 지역 도시들에 비해 크게 높았으며, 또 첨단산업의 평균교육년수가 전통산업의 평균교육년수보다 크게 높았다. 교육과 경력을 포함한 개인의 특성, 기업규모, 지역특성, 산업을 통제한 후 도시의 평균교육년수가 1년 증가함에 따라 그 도시의 노동자의 임금이 약 3% 중가하고 개인의 특성, 기업규모, 산업 특성을 통제한 후 산업의 평균교육년수가 1년 증가함에 따라 그 산업 노동자의 임금이 약 5~7% 증가한다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

도시화 현상과 소득분배 문제는 세계적 관심사이며, 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들의 결과는 분석 국가와 기간마다 상이하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 2000-2021년 기간의 지역 데이터를 사용하여 우리나라 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히 지니계수에 시차 자기상관과 공간의존성 및 공통요인 효과가 존재함을 확인하고, 이를 고려한 동적공간패널회귀모형을 통해 분석하였다. 추정 결과, 지역의 도시화는 소득불평등 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 소득분배 문제의 개선을 위해 지역별 도시화를 지속적으로 추진할 필요가 있으며, 이미 도시화율이 높은 지역은 저숙련 노동자의 교육훈련 기회 확대로 임금격차를 줄임으로써 소득불평등을 감소시켜야 하며, 도시화 종착 단계에서 발생할 수 있는 역도시화 현상을 방지하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Purpose - The ICT market in the EU is lagging behind that of the US; however, algorithm and software development within the EU have grown steadily, and they involve focusing on the creative cultural convergence conceptualized as part of Horizon 2020 and connecting neighboring markets in the EE and the Mediterranean region. It is essential to study the requirements to market the EU's creative ICT development in emerging industrial countries after examining its applicability in these countries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study deals with data pertaining to the EU's creative industry and competitive edge. The global cultural expansion of the EU facilitates a new concept involving not only low-cost IT products to enhance local cultural artifacts through R&D and the construction of efficient infrastructure services, but also information exchange with a realistic commercialization of the technology that can be applied for creative cultural localization. In the European industry, research on algorithms has been applied for the benefit of consumers. We investigated how the process is conducted in the EU. Results - Europe needs to adjust its economic structure to the local culture as part of IT distribution convergence. The convergence has been converted into a production algorithm with IT in the form of low-cost production. This is because there is an attempt to improve the quality of transport infrastructure, workforce availability, and the distribution of the distance to the local industries and consumers, using IT algorithms. Integrated into the manufacturing industry, based on the ICT infrastructure and solutions, smart localized regional clusters are formed with the help of grafting. Europe has own strategy to increase the number of hub-and-spoke cities. Europe is now becoming integrated, with an EPC system for regional cooperation rather than national competition in ICT technology. Europe has also been recognized in this study as changing the step-by-step paradigm for global competitiveness through new creative culture industries. Conclusions - As a result, there are several ways of converging with others through EU R&D intensity; therefore, the EU can be seen as successfully increasing marginal value, which is useful in developing a special industrial cluster or local cultural cities that create converged development by connecting people and objects with IT. In fact, when compared to the US, Europe has a strong culture and the car industries have a tendency to overshadow the IT industries with integration of services in IT distribution. Considering the rapid environmental changes, the convergence of IT services is likely to take place in Europe, similar to the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry. This requires a focus on human resources and automated systems management. The trend is to move away from low-wage industries, switched to key personnel centers of the local university-industry. EU emphasizes the creation of IT market demand in Europe involving local cultural convergence for marketing as the second step to strengthen the economic hub-and-spoke areas.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.87-133
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• 2012

본 논문은 경제의 개방화 진전이 고용구조에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 주제를 다루고 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 경제주체의 이질성(heterogeneity)을 가미하여 Romer(1990)의 내생적 성장모형을 확장하였다. 이와 같은 이질성에 기반하여 본 모형은 한 경제의 고용구조(숙련 및 미숙련 부문의 상대적 고용의 크기)가 숙련노동의 수요 및 공급 조건에 따라 어떻게 결정되는지를 설명한다. 본 모형은 폐쇄경제에 기반하고 있으나 개방경제의 경우로 확장 가능하다. 개방경제의 경우로 확장된 모형에 따르면, 경제의 개방화 진전은 다음과 같은 두 가지 경로를 통해 고용구조에 영향을 미친다. 하나는 생산특화(specialization)를 통한 경로로서 개방 경제하에서 각국은 비교우위에 기반하여 부문별 생산량을 결정하는데, 이에 따라 부문별 노동수요가 결정되고 이는 고용구조에 영향을 미치게 된다. 다른 하나는 지식확산(knowledge spillover)을 통한 경로로서 경제의 개방화 진전은 지식확산을 촉진하는데, 이는 부문별 노동생산성에 영향을 미치고 따라서 고용구조에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 21개국의 국제패널자료를 이용하여 실증분석해 본 결과, 경제의 개방화 진전은 상기한 모형이 설명하는 바와 같이 위의 두 가지 경로를 통해 고용구조에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다.