• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 저면적 64bit MTP IP를 설계하였다. 저면적 설계기술로는 MTP cell의 inhibit voltage를 기존의 VPP/3과 VNN/3 전압 대신 모두 0V를 사용하므로 VPPL(=VPP/3) regulator 회로와 VNNL(VNN/3) charge pump 회로를 제거하였다. 그리고 external pad를 이용하여 VPP program voltage를 forcing하므로 VPP charge pump 회로를 제거하였다. 또한 VNN charge pump는 VPP 전압을 이용하여 1-stage negative charge pump 회로로 pumping해서 -VPP의 전압을 공급하도록 설계를 하였다. 설계된 64bit MTP IP size는 $377.585{\mu}m{\times}328.265{\mu}m$(=0.124mm2)이며, DC-DC converter관련 layout size는 기존의 회로 대비 76.4%를 줄였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2127-2137
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• 2017

A virtual power plant (VPP) is a system that virtually integrates power resources based on the VPP participating customer (VPC) unit and operates as a power plant. When VPP operators manage resources to maximize their benefits, load reduction instructions may focus on more responsive VPCs, or those producing high profitability, by using VPC resources with high operation efficiency. VPCs may thus encounter imbalance problems during operation. This imbalance in operation time would bring more participation for some VPCs, causing potential degradation of their resources. Such an operation strategy would be not preferable for VPP operators in managing the relationship with VPCs. This issue impedes both continual VPC participation and economical and reliable VPP operation in the long term. An operation algorithm is therefore proposed that considers the operation time of VPC generators for mandatory reduction of power resource consumption. The algorithm is based on constraints of daily and annual operation times when VPP operators of local generators perform capacity-market power transactions. The algorithm maximizes the operator benefit through VPP operations. The algorithm implements a penalty parameter for imbalances in operation times spent by VPC generators in fulfilling their obligations. An evaluation was conducted on VPP operational effects by applying the algorithm to the Korean power market.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.778-779
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• 2007

기술의 진보와 친환경적 시대의 조류에 발맞추어 배전계통에서 분산전원의 이용은 더욱 증가하는 추세이다. 따라서 저용량의 다양한 분산전원을 하나의 가상발전소(Virtual Power Plant, VPP)로 운영하는 개념이 도입되고 있다. 본 논문은 Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) 알고리즘을 이용하여 경제적 효율을 고려한 VPP의 최적구성을 다룬다. 사례연구로는 다양한 분산전원으로 구성된 시스템의 시간별 전력 및 열에너지 수요를 고려한 VPP의 최적구성을 수행한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.450-453
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• 2010

Iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate(FTS)를 개시제로 한 pyrrole의 중합에서 용액 중합법(LPP)과 기상 중합법(VPP)으로 제조된 PPy 박막의 전기/광학적 특성 및 표면구조를 비교하였다. LPP에 비해서 VPP 방법으로 제조된 PPy 박막은 우수한 전기적 특성을 보여주었다. 표면 특성분석을 이용하여 제조된 PPy 필름의 표면 모폴로지와 표면저항과의 상관관계를 검토하였다. VPP 방법으로 제조된 PPy 박막의 표면이 LPP로 제조된 것보다 평탄하였다. VPP를 응용한 잉크젯 프린팅과 소프트 리소그래피를 사용하여 미세 패턴된 PPy 박막을 효과적으로 제조할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2006

A model test was carried out, in order to verify the hydrodynamic performances of public 30 feet class sailing yacht. In the initial design stage, the performances and the running attitude of sail yacht including the hull form and sail plan, appendages were estimated by VPP, from which made the representative test conditions. A new experiment system such as captive model device was composed because the running attitude could be changed by wind conditions. The test results show that the minimum resistance is generated in the heeling 20 degree. which was expected in the initial design stage. It is thought to be the useful informations that the keel has an effects on hydrodynamic forces and resistance differences between the upwind and the downwind condition. Also this paper is associated with the state-of-the-art of calculating sailing yacht performance as this is performed in velocity Prediction program (VPP) The VPP results shows a typical shape of a sailing yacht and the designed yacht has the best performance at 120 degree angle of true wind with 20 knots.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

This study analyzes the economic efficiency of the virtual power plant (VPP) model that aims to integrate a number of emergency generators installed at the consumer end and operate them as a single power plant. Several factors such as the demand response benefits from VPP operation and costs incurred for converting emergency generators into VPP are considered to assess the economic efficiency of the proposed VPP model. Scenarios for yearly VPP conversion are prepared based on the installed capacities of the emergency generators distributed in South Korea, while the costs and benefits are calculated from the viewpoints of participants and power companies in accordance with California Test Methods. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the cost factors among those affecting the economic efficiency of VPP business because these two factors have a great impact on benefits.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2015

The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new technology to achieve flexibility as well as controllability, like traditional centralized power plants, by integrating and operating different types of distributed energy resources (DER) with the information communication technology (ICT). Though small-sized DERs may not be controlled in a centralized manner, these are more likely to be utilized as power plants for centralized dispatch and participate in the energy trade given that these are integrated into a unified generation profile and certain technical properties such as dispatch schedules, ramp rates, voltage control, and reserves are explicitly implemented. Unfortunately, the VPP has been in a conceptual stage thus far and its common definition has not yet been established. Such a lack of obvious guidelines for VPP may lead to a further challenge of coming up with the business model and reinforcing the investment and technical support for VPP. In this context, this paper would aim to identify the definition of VPP as a critical factor in smart grid and, at the same time, discuss the details required for VPP to actively take part in the electricity market under the smart grid paradigm.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2018

Purpose The recent concern over environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emission and fine dust contributes increasing interest in renewable energies. However the intrinsic characteristics of renewable energies, intermittent and stochastic generation, might cause serious problems to the stability and controllability of power grid. Therefore countermeasures such as virtual power plant (VPP) must be prepared in advance of the spread of uncontrollable distributed renewable energy resources to be one of major energy sources. Design/methodology/approach This study deals with the design concept of the VPP platform. we proposed as a technology solution for achieving the stability of power grid by guaranteeing a single power profile combining multiple distributed power sources with ICT. The core characteristics of VPP should be able to participate in the grid operation by responding to operation instructions from the system operator, KPX, as well as the wholesale electricity market. Findings Therefore this study includes energy storage device(ESS) as a controllable component as well as renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on this configuration, we discussed core element technologies of VPP and protype design of VPP solution platform according to system requirements. In the proposed solution platform, UX design for the integrated control center and brokerage system were included as well as ancillary service function to respond to KPX's operation instruction with utilizing the capability of ESS. In addition, a simulator was suggested to verify the VPP operations.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-446
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 몸체효과와 문턱전압 손실이 제거된 새로운 2-단계 2-위상 VPP 전하펌프 발생기를 제안하였다. 새롭게 제안된 회로의 동작을 검증하기 위하여 0.18um Triple-Well CMOS 공정을 사용하였으며, VPP의 전압 레벨은 VDD가 문턱전압 이상일 때 3VDD가 공급되는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.832-836
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 센서 응용에 아날로그 회로 트리밍이나 chip ID 저장에 사용되는 로직 공정 기반의 Dual Program Voltage를 이용한 MTP (Multi-Time Programmable) IP (Intellectual Property)용 DC-DC 컨버터를 설계하였다. DC-DC 컨버터는 VPP (=5.25V), VNN (=-5.25V)과 VNNL ($=2{\cdot}VNN/5$)의 전압을 공급하는 회로로 MOS 커패시터를 사용하였고, 3.3V 소자만 사용하여 설계하였다. VPP와 VNN은 각각 2단과 5단으로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 펌핑전류는 VPP와 VNN 각각 $9.17{\mu}A$와 $9.7{\mu}A$이다.