• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the environmental movement and voluntary simplicity life style. The results of this study are as follows： First, both voluntary simplicity life style and the environmental movement are concepts which became the center of public interest because of the evil practices appeared in the process of the development of capitalism. Second, the level of consciousness of environment is comparatively high, but the level of the power of execution is comparatively low as a whole. In the case of Korea, people have not yet the mature responsibilities of citizenship. It is very important to enforce different informal educations in order to increase the effectiveness of the environmental movement. Home training based on voluntary simplicity life style is the most important informal education for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of the environmental movement. Consequently, for the preservation of environment we need to do our best endeavors such as home training based on voluntary simplicity life style, environmental education based on our social and cultural background, and more powerful administrative measures which is administrative support rather than administrative control.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study has been performed to find the effect of psychomotorik program with voluntary movement activity on the development of social competence and physical exercise ability improvement in children with intellectual disability. Methods : This study was conducted with a similar group comparison study design to examine applicative effects of voluntary movement group psychomotor activities on body locomotion skills and social competence of intellectually disabled children. This study included 12 children with intellectual disability aged between 7 and 10 years. Experimental group was performed 50 minutes psychomotorik program for once a week during 12 weeks. Physical Exercise ability (TGMD-2) and changes in social competence were measured before and after the intervention program. Results : There were positive changes in social competence and physical exercise ability in the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention program. Only the experimental group showed significant difference in the pre and post measurement. There was a significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention. Conclusion : Psychomotorik program with voluntary movement activity has a positive effect on the improvement of activity on the development of social competence and physical exercise ability improvement in children with intellectual disability. Accordingly, voluntary movement psychomotor activities programs can be utilized as a useful intervention method to improve the body locomotion skills of intellectually disabled children in the clinical and educational fields in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.587-591
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• 2014

Automatic milking systems (AMS) rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Previous research on conventional milking systems has shown differences between dairy cow breeds for intake and milk production, however, the ability to manipulate voluntary cow traffic and milking frequency on AMS farms through breed selection is unknown. This study investigated the effect of breed (Holstein Friesian versus Illawarra) on voluntary cow traffic as determined by gate passes at the Camden AMS research farm dairy facility. Daily data on days in milk, milk yield, gate passes and milking frequency for 158 Holstein Friesian cows and 24 Illawarra cows were collated by month for the 2007 and 2008 years. Illawarra cows had 9% more gate passes/day than Holstein cows over the duration of the study; however, the milking frequency and milk yield of both breeds were similar. Gate passes were greatest for both breeds in early lactation and in the winter (June to August) and summer (December to February) seasons. These findings highlight an opportunity to translate increased voluntary cow movement associated with breed selection into increased milking frequencies, milk production and overall pasture-based AMS performance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2005

이갈이나 이악물기 시 근활성, 하악의 이동, 악관절에 가해지는 부하, 그리고 교합에 미치는 영향 등에 대한 연구는 많았으나 하악운동에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 연구가 적었다. 따라서 측두하악장애의 주요한 기여요인으로 간주되는 이악물기나 강한 씹기에 의해 나타나는 하악의 미세한 운동양태에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 수행될 필요가 있으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동을 중심으로 이악물기 및 강한 씹기의 영향을 조사하였다. 저작계 이상이 없는 건강한 남자 14명을 선정하여 교합고경 및 형태의 변화와 수의적 이악물기 수준의 차이가 이악물기 및 씹기 운동 시 나타나는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동(torque rotational movement)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 각 교합조건과 이악물기 힘에서의 씹기 운동은 먼저 나무젓가락(분리기)이 없는 한 번의 이악물기와 나무젓가락을 구치부에 위치시킨 상태에서 두 번에 걸친 씹는 운동 등 세 번의 하악운동으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 좌측으로 씹을 때와 우측으로 씹을 때 간에 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리는 두 가지 이악물기 힘 모두에서 차이가 없었으나 하악의 운동속도는 다른 양상을 보여 강한 이악물기에서는 차이가 없었으나 약한 이악물기에서는 좌측으로 씹을 때 우측에 비해 속도가 다소 빠른 경향을 보였다. 이때 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 두 가지 이악물기 모두에서 전두면상 차이는 거의 없었으나 수평면상 각도에서는 씹는 측에 따라 차이가 있는 경향을 보였다. 2. 이악물기 힘의 차이는 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리와 속도에 영향을 미쳐 강한 씹기에서 약한 씹기에 비해 측정치가 크게 나타났으며 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각 역시 강한 씹기에서 수평면상 운동각이 다소 증가된 양상을 보였다. 3. 전두면 및 시상면상 개구거리는 교합조건에 따른 차이를 보였는데, 즉 웨이퍼나 레진블록 등 교합고경이 높은 교합형태일수록 운동거리가 감소하였으며, 이때 강한 씹기에서는 운동속도 역시 유사한 양상으로 감소하였다. 그러나 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 전두면 및 수평면 모두에서 교합조건에 따른 차이를 거의 나타내지 않았다. 4. 세 번의 씹는 운동에서 분리기가 없는 경우에 비해 있는 경우에서 대체로 전두면상 회전운동각을 제외한 나머지 하악의 비틀림 회전운동량은 모두 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 이때 각 교합형태 간 동일항목의 비교에서는 전두면상 회전운동거리가 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이를 보여 약한 이악물기에서 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구를 통해 하악 비틀림 회전운동의 전체적인 양상은 관찰면에 따라 다르게 나타나 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이는 전두면에 비해 수평면상 측정치가 더 많이 변화되는 모습을 보였으나 교합조건에 따른 양상은 관찰면 간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 이악물기 및 씹는 운동 각각에서의 하악 비틀림 회전운동량은 교합조건이나 이악물기 힘에 관계없이 대체로 분리기 씹기에 의해 수평면상 회전운동량의 변화가 전두면상 측정치에 비해 더 유의하게 나타났다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objective: Joint mobilization for arthrokinematics altered by the positional fault of chronic ankle instability (CAI) is an effective intervention for stabilization. In this study, we compared the effects of ankle dorsi flexion range of motion (DFROM) and dynamic balance ability (DBA) in CAI patients via passive joint mobilization (PJM), a method traditionally performed in previous studies, and active joint mobilization (AJM), a method that can have a greater effect on cortical excitability with spontaneous movements. Design: Single-blind two-arm randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 30 participants were registered: 15 each to the PJM and AJM groups. Each participant received a total of 10 intervention sessions, 10 minutes per session, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. PJM used Maitland's mobilization method to apply joint mobilization with talus in the posterior direction and AJM used an angular joint motion to induce patient's voluntary motion of medial malleolus anterior gliding and lateral malleolus posterior gliding, respectively. DFROM of the ankle was measured by using tape and DBA was evaluated by using the balance system. Results: Significant improvement was observed after intervention in both the PJM and AJM groups except for the DBA-anterior and DBA-right variables of the PJM group. There were statistically significant differences between the AJM and PJM groups in the DFROM, DBA-anterior, DBA-posterior, and DBA-right variables. Conclusions: The overall improvement of DFROM and DBA was found to be more effective in joint mobilization including voluntary movement. When it is accompanied by voluntary movement, it further affects the neuromuscular system of the ankle.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to summarize the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle contraction facilitation. Methods : Some studies of the stretch reflex. ${\gamma}-motor$ system, and the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle activation were reviewed. Results : To facilitate muscle contraction, before the movement is started, the prime mover is in stretched position. The patient must be instructed to occur voluntary muscle contraction after quick stretching. It elicits the functional stretch reflex to produce a more powerful and functional contraction. The intensity of muscle contraction depends on two ways. One is firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron by sensory information from the periphery induced in stretched position and stretch reflex. The other is excitation level of the cortical motor area and the corresponding motor neurons. Conclusions: To activate central nervous system and to increase firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron. the therapist should apply quick stretch for the patient with stretched position and the patient should make voluntary muscle contraction.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2008

Purpose : This paper focuses on the emerging concept that adult central nervous system neurogenesis can be regulated by various physical activity, enriched environment, and pathological conditions. Neurogenesis-the production of new neuron-is an ongoing process that persists in the adult brain of mammalian, including humans. Result : The adult brain was thought be limited in its regenerative function. However, this concepts changed, recent evidence of neurogenesis in certain adult brain areas such as SVZ(subventricular zone) and SGZ(subgranular zone) in hippocampus, raised possibility for improved treatment for patient with stroke. Neural plasticity has an adaptive purpose, because an ability of the brain to change in response to peripheral stimulation, physical activity, experience, and injury. Conclusions : The major function of the neurogenesis in adult brain seems to be replacing the neuron that die regularly in discrete adult brain regions. These cells are capable of functionally integrating into neighboring neural cells, and reconnecting to the correct neural networks. This review suggest that various intervention, including physical activity, voluntary movement training, skilled forelimb reaching training, and enriched environment, induced neural cell production in certain adult brain, and associated with functional recovery after stroke.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the area of the base of support formed by the human body on the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of upper limb muscles. Methods: The study was conducted with 20 normal adults. To identify changes in the base of support, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps muscle was measured in a standing position, a sitting position, and a lying position for each subject. The sizes of the base of support formed in the standing, sitting, and lying positions were set to 1, 2, and 3 respectively, based on the sizes, to analyze the correlations. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps muscle was measured using surface electromyograms (EMGs) (Noraxon DTS, Germany). Results: The results showed negative correlations in which, as the size of the base of support increased, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps muscle decreased. Conclusion: Changes in the base of support of the body affect the maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the upper limbs. Therefore, when resistance exercises are applied for muscle strengthening, the positions should be changed considering the changes in muscle activity according to those positions. In addition, when EMGs are used to measure the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, the measurements should be conducted in the same positions, considering muscle activity that changes according to the base of support and positions, for data quantification.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

This study aimed to compare movement patterns of shoulder joints between the right and left symmetry in stroke patients and control subjects. This study proposes use of the voluntary response index (VRI) calculated from quantitative analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG) and motion data recorded during voluntary movement as a feeding task. The VRI is comprised of two numeric values, one derived from the total muscle activity recorded for the voluntary motor task (magnitude), and the other from the sEMG distribution across the recorded muscles with the similarity index (SI). Five stroke patients and five age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Feeding motion was performed using the provided spoon five times with rests taken on a chair in between tasks. EMG data were digitized and analyzed on the basis of the root mean square (RMS) envelope of activity. The average amplitude of responses was calculated. Responsiveness and clinically meaningful levels of discrimination between stroke patients and control for EMG magnitude and SI were determined. The similarity index of the results from two successive examinations of both sides apart for stroke patients and control subjects were .86 and .95 in motion analysis and .84 and .99 in electromyographic analysis. The SI of sEMG data and motion data was significantly correlated in stroke patients. The data suggest that SI is a sensitive program for comparing and analyzing the symmetry of muscle activity and motion in both sides. This analysis method has a clinical value in grading muscular activity and movement impairment after brain injury.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2013

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자를 대상으로 런지자세에서 자가신장과 움직임을 동반한 가동술을 적용후에 하지근육 근활성도와 안정성한계에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 대상자 16명을 무작위 추출하여 실험군과 대조군으로 분류하였다. 실험군은 런지자세에서 자가신장을 중재하였고, 대조군은 런지자세에서 움직임을 동반한 가동술을 중재하였다. 중재는 8주 동안 주 5회, 1회 20분의 중재를 시행하였다. 통계학적 처리는 반복 측정분산분석을 이용하여 실시하였다. 결과는 실험군과 대조군의 그룹간 하지근육 근활성도(%MVIC)와 안정성 한계(LOS)는 통계학적 유의성이 없었다(p>.05). 하지만 실험군과 대조군의 그룹 내의 근활성도와 안정성 한계는 통계학적으로 유의하였다(p<.05). 따라서 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자들에게 런지자세에서 자가신장이 근력 및 균형에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.