Effects of Occlusal Condition and Clenching Force on the Mandibular Torque Rotational Movement

교합조건 및 이악물기 힘의 변화가 하악의 비틀림 회전운동에 미치는 영향

  • Oh, Min-Jung (Dept. of Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute) ;
  • Han, Kyung-Soo (Dept. of Oral Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute)
  • 오민정 (원광대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실 및 원광치의학연구소) ;
  • 한경수 (원광대학교 치과대학 구강내과학교실 및 원광치의학연구소)
  • Published : 2005.12.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occlusal condition and clenching level on the mandibular torque rotational movement. For this study, healthy 14 men without any symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders were selected. Mandibular torque rotational movement was observed in each circumstance of combination of three occlusal conditions such as natural dentition, with wafer of 3.6 mm thickness, and wafer with resin stop of 14 mm thickness total during hard biting of bite stick at maximum voluntary contraction(MVC) and 50% of MVC level of surface EMG activity of masseter muscle. Electromyographic activity and mandibular torque rotational movement were observed using BioEMG and BioEGN in $BioPak^{(R)}$ system. Each biting movement in each circumstance was composed of clenching one time and hard biting of wooden stick two times. The observed items were opening distance, velocity and amount of torque rotational movement in mandibular movement, and the data were statistically processed with $SPSS^{(R)}$ windows (ver.10.0). The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no differences in the mandibular movement distance between those value in both biting sides, and between those in both clenching forces, but the mandibular velocity showed a different results by clenching force. For the amount of torque rotational movement, there were no difference in the value of the frontal plane but some significant difference was in the value of the horizontal plane by biting side. 2. The mandibular movement distance and the mandibular velocity in both planes were higher by maximum voluntary contraction than those by half maximum voluntary contraction, and amount of torque rotational movement in the horizontal plane was also increased by maximum voluntary contraction. 3. The opening distance in both planes were decreased with the increase of vertical dimension of occlusion, namely, by the occlusal appliances, and this pattern was also showed in the mandibular velocity in case of hard biting by maximum voluntary contraction. However, the amount of torque rotational movement were not different by the increase of vertical dimension of occlusion. 4. The value of angle and distance of the torque rotational movement in the hard biting of wooden stick were generally higher than those in the clenching without wooden stick in both planes without regard to occlusal conditions and/or clenching forces.

이갈이나 이악물기 시 근활성, 하악의 이동, 악관절에 가해지는 부하, 그리고 교합에 미치는 영향 등에 대한 연구는 많았으나 하악운동에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 연구가 적었다. 따라서 측두하악장애의 주요한 기여요인으로 간주되는 이악물기나 강한 씹기에 의해 나타나는 하악의 미세한 운동양태에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 수행될 필요가 있으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동을 중심으로 이악물기 및 강한 씹기의 영향을 조사하였다. 저작계 이상이 없는 건강한 남자 14명을 선정하여 교합고경 및 형태의 변화와 수의적 이악물기 수준의 차이가 이악물기 및 씹기 운동 시 나타나는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동(torque rotational movement)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 각 교합조건과 이악물기 힘에서의 씹기 운동은 먼저 나무젓가락(분리기)이 없는 한 번의 이악물기와 나무젓가락을 구치부에 위치시킨 상태에서 두 번에 걸친 씹는 운동 등 세 번의 하악운동으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 좌측으로 씹을 때와 우측으로 씹을 때 간에 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리는 두 가지 이악물기 힘 모두에서 차이가 없었으나 하악의 운동속도는 다른 양상을 보여 강한 이악물기에서는 차이가 없었으나 약한 이악물기에서는 좌측으로 씹을 때 우측에 비해 속도가 다소 빠른 경향을 보였다. 이때 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 두 가지 이악물기 모두에서 전두면상 차이는 거의 없었으나 수평면상 각도에서는 씹는 측에 따라 차이가 있는 경향을 보였다. 2. 이악물기 힘의 차이는 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리와 속도에 영향을 미쳐 강한 씹기에서 약한 씹기에 비해 측정치가 크게 나타났으며 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각 역시 강한 씹기에서 수평면상 운동각이 다소 증가된 양상을 보였다. 3. 전두면 및 시상면상 개구거리는 교합조건에 따른 차이를 보였는데, 즉 웨이퍼나 레진블록 등 교합고경이 높은 교합형태일수록 운동거리가 감소하였으며, 이때 강한 씹기에서는 운동속도 역시 유사한 양상으로 감소하였다. 그러나 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 전두면 및 수평면 모두에서 교합조건에 따른 차이를 거의 나타내지 않았다. 4. 세 번의 씹는 운동에서 분리기가 없는 경우에 비해 있는 경우에서 대체로 전두면상 회전운동각을 제외한 나머지 하악의 비틀림 회전운동량은 모두 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 이때 각 교합형태 간 동일항목의 비교에서는 전두면상 회전운동거리가 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이를 보여 약한 이악물기에서 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구를 통해 하악 비틀림 회전운동의 전체적인 양상은 관찰면에 따라 다르게 나타나 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이는 전두면에 비해 수평면상 측정치가 더 많이 변화되는 모습을 보였으나 교합조건에 따른 양상은 관찰면 간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 이악물기 및 씹는 운동 각각에서의 하악 비틀림 회전운동량은 교합조건이나 이악물기 힘에 관계없이 대체로 분리기 씹기에 의해 수평면상 회전운동량의 변화가 전두면상 측정치에 비해 더 유의하게 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Glaros AG, Glass EG. Temporomandibular disorders. In Gatchel RJ and Blanchard B(Eds.), Psychophysiological Disorders. Washington DC, 1993, American Psychological Association, 299-356
  2. Glaros AG, Burton E. Parafuctional clenching, pain, and effort in temporomandibular disorders. J Behav Med, 2004;27(1):91-100 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBM.0000013646.04624.8f
  3. Clark GT, Tsukiyama Y, Baba K, Watanabe T. Sixty-eight years of experimental occlusal interference studies : What have we learned?. J Prosthet Dent, 1999;82:704-713 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70012-0
  4. Laskin DM. Etiology of the pain-dysfunction syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc, 1969;79;147-153 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1969.0234
  5. Flor H, Birbaumer N, Schulte W, Roos R. Stressrelated electromyographic responses in patients with chronic temporomandibular pain. Pain, 1991;46:145– 152
  6. Intrieri RC, Jones GE, Alcorn ID. Masseter muscle hyperactivity and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: A relationship under stress. J Behav Med, 1994;17:479-500 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01857921
  7. Christensen LV. Progressive jaw muscle fatigue of experimental tooth clenching in man. J Oral Rehabil, 1981;8;413-420 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1981.tb00515.x
  8. Clark GT, Adler RC, Lee JJ. Jaw pain and tenderness levels during and after repeated sustained maximum voluntary protrusion. Pain, 1991;45:17–22
  9. Okeson JP. Management of temporomadibular disorders. 5ed, Singapore, 2003, Elsevier, 151-183
  10. Molin C, Carlsson GE, Friling B, Hedegard B. Frequency of symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in young swedish men. J Oral Rehabil, 1976;3:9-17 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1976.tb00925.x
  11. Ingervall B, Mohlin B, Thilander B. Prevalence of symptom of functional disturbances of the masticatory system in swedish men. J Oral Rehabil, 1980;7: 185-193 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1980.tb00435.x
  12. Nilner M. Prevlence of functional disturbances and disease of the stomatognathic system in 15 to 18 years olds. Swed Dent J, 1981;5:189-197
  13. Lobbezoo F, Lavigne GJ. Do bruxism and temporomandibular disorders have a cause-and-effect relationship?. J Orofac Pain, 1997;11:15-23
  14. Ahlberg J, Rantala M, Savolainen A, Suvinen T, Nissinen M, Sarna S, Lindholm H, Kononen M. Reported bruxism and stress experience. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2002;30:405-412 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00007.x
  15. Rugh JD, Robbins JW. Oral habit disorders. In: Ingersoll BD, ed. Behavioural aspects in dentistry. New York, 1982, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 179-194
  16. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone EF, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil, 2001;28:842–848
  17. Gavish A, Halachmi M, Winocur E, Gazit E. Oral habits and their association with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in adolescent girls. J Oral Rehabil, 2000;27:22-32 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00484.x
  18. Sari S, Sonmez H. Investigation of the relationship between oral parafunctions and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition. J Oral Rehabil, 2002;29:108–112
  19. Egermark-Eriksson I, Carlsson GE, Ingervll B. Prevalence of dysfunction and orofacial parafunction in 7-,11-and 15-year-old swedish children. Eur J Orthod, 1981;3:163-170 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/3.3.163
  20. Haggerty C, Glaro AG, Glass EG. Ecological momentary assessment of parafunctional clenching in temporomandibular disorder. J Dent Res, 2000;79: 605-611
  21. Glaros AG, Forbes M, Shanker J, Glass EG. Effect of parafunctional clenching on temporomandibular disorder pain and proprioceptive awareness. Cranio, 2000;18:198-204 https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2000.11746133
  22. Chung JW, Kim C, McCall WD. Effect of sustained contraction on motor unit potentials and EMG power spectrum of human masticatory muscles. J Dent Res, 2002;81:646–649
  23. Clark GT, Browne PA, Nakano M, Yang Q. Coactivation of sternocleidomastoid muscles during maximum clenching. J Dent Res, 1993;72:1499–1502
  24. Ciuffolo F, Manzoli L, Ferritto L, Tecco S, D'attilio M, Festa F. Surface electromyographic response of the neck muscles to maximal voluntary clenching of the teeth. J Oral Rahabil, 2005;32:79-84 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01390.x
  25. Baba K, Ai M, Mizuatni H, Enosawa S. Influence of experimental occlusal discrepancy on masticatory muscle activity during clenching. J Oral Rahabil, 1996;23:55-60 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1996.tb00812.x
  26. Macdonald JW, Hannam AG. (1984a) Relationship between occlusal contacts and jaw-closing muscle activity during tooth clenching. Part I. J Prosthet Dent, 1984;52:718-728 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(84)90149-5
  27. Naeije M, McCarroll RS, Weijs WA. Electromyographic activity of the human masticatory muscles during submaximal clenching in the intercuspal position. J Oral Rahabil, 1989;16:63-70 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01318.x
  28. Wood WW, Tobias DL. EMG response to alteration of tooth contacts on occlusal splints during maximal clenching. J Prosthet Dent, 1984;51:394-396 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(84)90229-4
  29. Ito T, Gibbs CH, Marguelles-Bonnet R, Lupkeiwicz SM, Young HM, Lundeen HC, Mahan E. Loading on the temporomandibular joints with five occlusal conditions. J Prosthet Dent, 1986;56:478-485 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90393-8
  30. Rassouli NM, Christensen LV. Experimental occlusal interferences. Part III. Mandibular rotations induced by a rigid interference. J Oral Rahabil, 1995;22: 781-789 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00223.x
  31. Takenami Y, Kuboki T, Acero Jr CO, Maekawa K, Yamashita A, Azuma Y. The effects of sustained incisal clenching on the temporomandibular joint space. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 1999;28:241-218
  32. Kim YK, Lee SW, Chung SC, Kho HS. Comparison of muscle activity and occlusal contacts during maximal and habitual clenching in varied chair positions. J Oral Rahabil, 1997; 24:237-239 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00319.x
  33. Korioth TW, Hannam AG. Mandibular forces during simulated tooth clenching. J Orofac Pain, 1994;8: 178-189
  34. Kumagai H, Suzuki T, Hamada T, Sondang P, Fujitani M, Nikawa H. Occlusal force distribution of the dental arch during various levels of clenching. J Oral Rehabil, 1999;26:932-935 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00473.x
  35. Gurdsapsri W, Ai M, Baba K and Fueki K. Influence of clenching level on intercuspal contact area in various regions of the dental arch. J Oral Rehabil, 2000;27:239-244 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00527.x
  36. Yamazaki M, Yugami K, Baba K, Ohyama T. Effect of clenching level on mandibular displacement in Kennedy Class II partially edentulous patients. Int J Prosthodont, 2003;16:183-188
  37. Miura H, Hasegawa S, Okada D, Ishihara H. The measurement of physiological tooth displacement in function. J Med Dent Sci, 1998;45:103-115
  38. Baba K, Akishige S, Yaka T, Ai M. Influence of alteration of occlusal relationship on activity of jaw closing muscles and mandibular movement during submaximal clenching. J Oral Rehabil, 2000;27: 793-801 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00587.x
  39. National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference Statement. Management of temporomandibular disorders. J Am Dent Assoc, 1996;127:1595- 1603 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0091
  40. Wănman A. Longitudinal course of symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in men and women. A 10-year follow-up study of an epidemiologic sample. Acta Odontol Scand, 1996; 54:337-346 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016359609003548
  41. Kurita K, Westesson P-L, Yuasa H, Toyama M, Machida J, Ogi N. Natural course of untreated symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. J Dent Res, 1998;77:361-365 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770020401
  42. Schellhas KP, Pollei SR, Wilkes CH. Pediatric internal derangements of the temporo-mandibular joint: effect on facial development. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 1993;104:51-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70027-L
  43. Brooke RJ, Grainger RM. Long-term prognosis for the clicking jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1988;65:668-670 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(88)90005-9
  44. Kirveskari P. Prediction of demand ofr treatment of tempporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil, 2001; 28:572-575 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00704.x
  45. Thompson DJ, Throckmorton GS, Buschang PH. The effects of isometric exercise on maximum voluntary bite forces and jaw muscle strength and endurance. J Oral Rehabil, 2001;28: 909-917 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00772.x
  46. Kiliaridis S, Mejersjo C, Thilander B. Muscle function and craniofacial morphology: a clinical study in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Eur J Orthod, 1989;11:131-138 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035975
  47. Hagberg C, Agerberg G, Hagberg M. Regression analysis of electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles versus bite force. Scand J Dent Res, 1985;93:396-402
  48. Kumagai H, Suzuki T, Hamada T et al. Occlusal force distribution on the dental arch during various levels of clenching. J Oral Rehabil, 1999;26:932-935 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00473.x
  49. 한경수. Biopak 을 이용한 하악의 회전운동에 관한 연구. 대한구강내과학회지, 1994;19:193-203
  50. 한경수, 이유미. 하악의 회전운동량과 과로의 형태에 관한 연구. 대한구강내과학회지, 1996;21:369-382
  51. 이유미, 한경수, 허문일. 하악의 비틀림회전운동에 영향을 미치는 요인. 대한구강내과학회지, 1998;23:143-155
  52. 한경수, 이규미, 허문일. 클러치의 장착이 하악의 비틀림회전운동에 미치는 영향. 대한구강내과학회지, 1999; 24:207-217
  53. 김문규, 한경수, 김종영, 양근영. 교합장치가 발음시 하악위 및 하악의 비틀림 회전운동에 미치는 영향, 대한구강내과학회지, 2001;26:59-73
  54. Kim K, Kim HS, Kim YK, Chung SC. A study on the rotational torque movement of mandible in patients with TMJ closed lock. Cranio, 1999;17:189-195 https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1999.11746094
  55. 소종섭, 이경호, 정성창. 악관절음 환자의 하악 비틀림 회전운동에 관한 연구. 대한구강내과학회지, 1999;24: 455-466